学案6:Learning about Language and Using Language

Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors

Learning about Language and Using Language

课前探究

必记词汇

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1．My mother is beginning to get ________ (皱纹) around her eyes.

2．The police managed to ______ (逮捕) the escaped prisoner and sent him back to prison.

3．Most people's _____ (脉搏) rate is more than 70 beats per minute.

4．If you produce a piece of writing without any ___________(标点符号), it's very difficult

to understand.

5．Those difficult math problems made me _____ (困惑的), not knowing how to work them

out.

6．There are more than 200 children in this ____________ (幼儿园), most of whom come

from the nearby villages.

7．In many countries, it is considered rude to ____ (吐痰) in public.

8．She _______ (不知怎么地) got lost on her way home.

9．Your name has been _______ (删除) from the list.

Ⅱ.拓展词汇

1．system n．系统→__________ adj.有系统的；有计划的

2．divide vt.分开→________ n．划分；分割；分配；分界线

3．__________ vi.& vt.加速→acceleration n．加速

4．skill n．技巧→_______ adj.有技巧的；熟练的

5．____________ n．意义；意思；重要性；重要意义→significant adj.重要的

6．_______ vi.& vt.鼓掌欢迎；赞赏→applause n．鼓掌

7．reception n．接待；欢迎；招待会；接待处→____________ n．接待员；招待员→receive

vt.& vi.收到；接到；接纳；接待

[巧记单词]

例词 规律

adj.去t＋ce→n. 派生词 significance

receptionist

Ⅲ.补全短语

1．fed up ____ 受够了；饱受；厌烦

2．look _____ 向前看；为将来打算

3．date ____ (to ...) 追溯到；始于

4．lie in wait ___ 隐蔽静候以出人不意

5．on behalf __ 代表

6．refer __ 谈到；参考

n.＋­ist→n.

7．break ___ (战争，疾病，火灾等的)突然发生

必背句型

1．[教材原句]If only she had looked ahead and planned better this year!

要是她今年早有预见，计划得更好些就好了。

[句型点拨]此句用了虚拟语气。if only ...意为“要是……就好了”。

[佳句赏析]Look at the trouble I am in. If only I had followed his advice!

看看我现在所处的困境，要是我接受他的建议就好了！

2．[教材原句]She had almost reached her destination when a delicious smell arrested her

progress and she stopped.

快到目的地的时候，一阵香气扑鼻，她停下来，不往前走了。

[句型点拨]本句为“had almost/just done sth. when ...”句型，when用作并列连词，意为“就在这时(突然)”，相当于“and (just) then”或“and at that time”。

[佳句赏析]I had almost gone to bed when someone knocked at the door.

我刚上床睡觉，这时有人敲门了。

3．[教材原句]Abruptly she sat down, only to be scooped up by her laughing, shouting sister,

Luna.

她突然坐了下来，结果被又笑又叫的妹妹露娜一把抱了起来。

[句型点拨]only to do“不料；结果……”，动词不定式作结果状语，表示意想不到的情况。

[佳句赏析]He hurried to the theatre, only to be told that the tickets had been sold out.

他匆匆忙忙地赶到剧院，结果被告知票已售完。

[课 文 对 译]

THE FEAST：18,000 BC

Worried about the preparations for her feast, Lala quickly turned for home with her collection

of nuts, melons and other fruit. It was the custom of family groups to separate and then gather

again at different sites for reunions as they followed the animal herds across the grasslands. A

wrinkle appeared on her forehead. If only it could be just like last year! At that time she had been

so happy when Dahu chose her as the future mother of his children. He was the best toolmaker in

the group and it was a great honour for her to be chosen. She remembered the blood pulsing

through her veins. She had felt so proud as the group shouted loudly to applaud his choice. If only

she had looked ahead and planned better this year! Then she wouldn't have been feeling so

worried now.

Having heard wolves howling in the forest, Lala accelerated her walk up the path to the caves

fearing that there might be wild beasts lying in wait for her. She had no man with his spear to

protect her. She had almost reached her destination when a delicious smell arrested her progress

and she stopped. So the men had brought home the meat for the feast! The smell of cooking meat

filled the air surrounding her, and her senses became dizzy with hunger. She could see her mother

and the older children preparing the deer and pig meat over the fire. Her aunts were making

clothes with animal skins. Abruptly she sat down, only to be scooped up by her laughing, shouting

sister, Luna. Lala smiled with relief. It was good to have her family around her.

Just then a tall man came up behind her. He had a large, square face, with strongly

pronounced eyebrows and cheekbones. Over his shoulder he carried several fish and some pieces

of wood under his arm. Lala smiled and handed some stone scrapers over to Dahu, who smiled

and went outside the cave to begin his task.

First he looked carefully at the scrapers and then went to a corner of the cave and pulled out

some more tools. They were in a pile with other sharp arrowheads and stone axeheads. He

chose one large stone and began to use it like a hammer striking the edge of the scraper that

needed sharpening. Now and then Dahu would stop, look at it and try it against his hand before

continuing his task. He stopped when he felt the scrapers were sharp enough to cut up the meat

and scrape the fish. As he passed them to Lala, the first of the guests from the neighbouring caves

began to arrive for dinner. Lala's spirits rose. Yes, it was going to be just as wonderful as last year!

She smiled to herself gaily and went out of the cave to welcome her friends and neighbours.

公元前18 000年的一次盛宴

拉拉担心她这次盛宴的准备工作，所以赶紧把坚果、瓜和其他水果收集起来就快步回家了。由于在草原上放牧，家族成员先分散开，然后在不同的地方相聚，这是他们的一个习俗。她的额头出现了一道皱纹。要是能像去年那样就好了！当大胡选拉拉作未来孩子的母亲时，她觉得非常高兴。他是这个家族中最好的工匠，被他选中对拉拉来说是莫大的荣幸。她记得当时血脉加快，心情激动。当族人为大胡的选择欢呼鼓掌的时候，拉拉觉得非常自豪。要是她今年早有预见，计划得更好些就好了！那么她现在就不会这么担心了。

听见狼在森林里嗥叫，拉拉加快了回洞穴的步伐，担心会有野兽在等着她。她身边没有男人拿着矛来保护她。快到达目的地的时候，一阵香气扑鼻，她停了下来，不往前走了。原来男人们为这次盛宴把肉带回了家！烤肉的香味弥漫在周围的空气中，她因为饥饿而感到眩晕。她看到母亲和大一些的孩子在烧烤鹿肉和猪肉。她的姨妈们在用兽皮做衣服。突然间她坐了下来，却又被她那又笑又叫的妹妹露娜一把抱了起来，拉拉宽慰地笑了，跟家人在一起实在是太好啦！

就在那时，一个高个子男人从她身后走了过来。他有一张宽大的方脸，眉毛很浓，颧骨凸出，肩上扛着几条鱼，腋下夹着一些木头。拉拉对大胡微笑着，递给他一些石头做的刮子。大胡也笑着，走出洞穴，开始工作。

他先朝这些石刮子仔细瞧了瞧，然后走到洞穴的一个角落，拖出来更多的工具。这些工具同其他一些锐利的箭头和石斧头堆放在一起。他选了一块大石头，开始用它作锤子敲打一个需要磨快的石刮子边沿。他时不时地停下来看看，在手上试一试，然后再继续工作。当他觉得石刮子够快，能够切碎肉并能刮鱼鳞了，他才停下来。他把它们递给拉拉，这时候，来自邻近洞穴的第一批来吃饭的客人开始到了。拉拉的情绪高涨起来。是的，今年的盛宴一定会跟去年一样热闹！她高兴地自己笑着，走出洞穴，去欢迎她的朋友和邻居。

重点探究

1．His university was aware of the significance of his work. (P40)

他(所在的)的大学意识到了他(这项)工作的重要性。

★significance n．意义；意思；重大意义；重要性

(1)of great significance (to) (对……)非常重要

of little significance 不重要

(2)significant adj. 有意义的；意味深长的；重要的；重大的

①I am delighted to have been invited to your school to talk to you about the history and

significance of the Olympic Games.

我很高兴应邀前来贵校，跟大家讲述有关奥运会的历史及其重要性。

②The proposals they put forward at the meeting were ______________________.

他们在会上提出的建议无足轻重。

③For me, that realization is one of the most ___________ (significance) breakthroughs.

对于我来说，意识到这一点是最显著的突破之一。

2．Somehow he cycled thirty miles to Dr Black because there was no alternative means of

transport. (P40)

不知何故，他骑车30英里去拜访布莱克博士，因为没有其他交通方式。

★somehow adv.不知怎么地；以……的方式

somewhat 稍微；有点

anyhow (＝anyway) 无论如何；不管怎样

①Somehow we know in our hearts that it is not supposed to be this way.

不知为何我们在心中知道它不应该是这个样子的。

②Things have changed ________ since then.

从那时候起，情况就有些不一样了。

③______, he must have eaten a lot because now he is fat.

无论如何，他一定吃了很多东西，因为现在他胖了。

3．Well, I'm fed up with all the attention and ... (P41)

好吧，我厌烦了所有的关注并且……

★fed up with受够了；饱受；厌烦

feed sb./sth. on sth. 用……来喂养……

feed sth. to sb./sth.feed on ... (动物)以……为食

live on ... (多指人)以……为衣食；靠……生活

①I'm really fed up with such changeable weather.

我真的受够了这种多变的天气。

②The mother feeds biscuits __ her baby.

那位母亲喂她的孩子饼干吃。

[串记] Cows feed on grass, and my work is to feed them on grass every day. But I am fed

up with feeding grass to cows and I am trying making a robot to work in place of me.

牛以草为食，我的工作就是每天用草喂养它们。但是我厌烦了给它们喂草，我正试着制造一个机器人来代替我工作。

[联想] 表示“讨厌；厌烦”的短语还有：

①be tired __ (doing) sth. 对(做)……感到厌烦

②can't put up ____ 无法忍受；对……感到厌烦

③be sick __ 对……厌恶(讨厌的程度最重)

4．She had felt so proud as the group shouted loudly to applaud his choice. (P43)

部落成员为他的选择大声喝彩时，她感到很自豪。

★applaud vi.& vt.鼓掌欢迎；赞赏

①Every person stood to applaud his unforgettable act of courage.

所有人起立为他不可磨灭的英勇之举鼓掌。

applaud sb. for sth. 因某事而赞扬某人

applaud one's choice/courage/ambition赞许某人的选择/勇气/雄心

②The audience ________________________ her successful performance.

观众为这位歌手成功的表演鼓掌。

5．If only she had looked ahead and planned better this year! (P43)

要是她今年早有预见，计划得更好些就好了！

★if only ...引导的是一种虚拟语气的感叹句，意为“但愿/如果……就好了”，它还可以用来引导虚拟语气的条件句。

(1)表示目前较难实现的愿望时使用if only sb. did/were ...

(2)表示与过去事实相反的愿望时使用if only sb. had done ...

(3)表示与将来事实相反的愿望时使用if only sb. would/could do ...

①If only I were a bird, I should fly through the thick clouds to my dream!

要是我是一只鸟， 我就会穿越层层云朵，飞向我的梦想！

②If only I _________ (take) her advice, everything would have been right.

要是我采纳了她的建议，一切就都好了。

③If only I __________ in a computer company as a program designer in ten years.

十年后我要是能在一家电脑公司里做程序设计师该多好啊。

[联想] only if“____”，only if本身不是一个固定词组。only是副词，用来修饰整个if从句。若用于句首，主句要用____。

④Only if you help others unselfishly ___________ others' help when you need it.

你只有无私地帮助别人，当你需要时才能得到别人的帮助。

★look ahead向前看；为将来打算

⑤Look ahead in the distance, and you can see the lights of the village.

往远处看，你便可以看见村庄里的灯光。

look ahead to ... 展望……；考虑……

look into 往……里面看；调查

look up 抬头看；(在词典或参考书中)查阅

look up to 尊敬；敬仰

look back (on) 回顾

look forward to 盼望；期望

⑥Young people often _____________ the future while the elderly _____________the past.

青年人常看将来，老年人常思既往。

⑦Usually the little kids are __________________ the festivals.

通常小孩子们都盼望节日。

6．She had almost reached her destination when a delicious smell arrested her progress and

she stopped. (P43)

快到目的地的时候，一阵香气扑鼻，她停下来，不往前走了。

★arrest vt.逮捕；吸引n.逮捕；拘留

(1)arrest sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而逮捕某人

arrest one's attention 引起某人的注意

(2)under arrest 被捕

①The bright colours of the flowers arrested the girl's attention.

花儿的艳丽彩引起了那个女孩的注意。

②He ____________ (arrest) on suspicion of driving under the influence of alcohol.

他因涉嫌酒后驾驶被捕。

③The young man was ____________ in connection with the drug smuggling operation.

这个年轻人因涉嫌走私而被捕。

[串记] The headmaster of the school got arrested the other day and was still under arrest,

which arrested the attention of the public.

这个学校的校长前几天被逮捕了，现在还在关押中，这引起了公众的注意。

7．Abruptly she sat down, only to be scooped up by her laughing, shouting sister, Luna.(P43)

她突然坐了下来，结果被又笑又叫的妹妹露娜一把抱了起来。

★(1)“only＋不定式”结构通常在句中作结果状语，表示出乎意料或令人失望的结果。当不定式与句子的主语之间是被动关系时，不定式用被动形式。

①I hurried to the post office only to find it closed.

我匆匆地去邮局，却发现它已经关门了。

②Tom waited overnight _______________ they weren't even selling tickets to his town.

汤姆排了一晚上队，却被告知他们不卖去他家的火车票。

(2)现在分词作结果状语表示必然的或合乎逻辑的结果，常置于句尾， 其前可以加thus。

③The sun began to rise in the sky, _______ (bathe) the mountain in golden light.

天空中太阳开始升起，使山脉沐浴在金的阳光中。

8．All the objects are from the same excavation site in Sanxingdui and can be dated back to

between 3,000 and 5,000 years ago. (P44)

所有的物品都来自于三星堆的一个挖掘点，时间可以追溯到3 000到5 000年前。

★date back to (＝date from)追溯到……；始于……

①The history of humanity may date back to the Ice Age.

人类历史可以追溯到冰川时代。

②According to the expert, the temple has a history ___________________ the early Tang

Dynasty.

那个专家说这座寺庙历史悠久，可追溯到初唐时期。

[点津] 追溯是从现在算起指向过去，所以这个短语常用一般现在时，而不用一般过去时。作后置定语时，常用现在分词。

out of date 过时的

up to date 最新的

to date 到目前为止

③We missed the train because we used an out of date timetable.

我们没赶上火车，因为我们误用了一张过期的火车时刻表。

【参考答案】

课前探究

必记词汇Ⅰ. 1．wrinkles 2．arrest 3．pulse 4．punctuation 5．dizzy 6．kindergarten 7．spit

8．somehow 9．deleted Ⅱ. 1．systematic 2．division 3．accelerate 4．skilful 5．significance

6．applaud 7．receptionist Ⅲ. 1．with 2．ahead 3．back 4．for 5．of 6．to 7．out

重点探究

1．②of little significance ③significant 2．②somewhat ③Anyhow 3．②to ①of ②with ③of 4．②applauded the singer for 5．②had taken ③could work [联想]只有……; 部分倒装 ④can

you get ⑥look ahead to look back on ⑦looking forward to 6．②was arrested ③under arrest

7．②only to be told ③bathing 8．②dating from/back to