(完整版)医学英语词根词缀大全

医学英语词根词缀

Suffix Meaning

-ac pertaining to

属于，关于

-al pertaining to

-ar pertaining to

-ary pertaining to

belonging to

-ase enzyme 酶

-cle smallness

小,少,贫乏,小气

-e an instrument 仪器

-eal pertaining to

-ia condition; quality

-ic pertaining to

-ics study of; name of a science

-ine/in substance 物质

-ism process or condition

-ist one who specializes in

精通于……的人

-itis inflammation refers to a part in

……部位的炎症

-(i)um relation to a whole; related to

与……相关

-ive characterizes by

-let tiny; small

-ment the result or product of an action

-oid resembling; like

像

-ole little; small

Example

cardiac: pertaining to the heart

心脏（病）的

medical: pertaining to medicine

molecular: pertaining to a molecule

分子的

ciliary: pertaining to the cilia

睫毛的,纤毛的,毛状的

amylase: any enzyme that converts starch to sugar

淀粉酶

follicle: a small bodily cavity or sac

小囊,(头发的)毛囊

auriscope: an instrument for examining the ear (检查耳朵用的)耳镜

laryngeal: pertaining to the larynx

喉的, 喉音的

phobia: abnormal fear 恐惧，害怕

toxic: pertaining to toxin

有毒的；因中毒引起的

paediatrics: study of children, their development

and diseases 儿科学

insulin：substance (hormone) produced by the

islets of Langerhans in the pancreas

胰岛素

alcoholism: excessive drinking of alcohol which

becomes addictive 酒精中毒

pharmacologist: a doctor who specializes in the

study of drugs 药理专家

rhinitis: inflammation of the nasal passages

鼻炎，鼻粘膜炎

endometrium: inner lining of the uter子宫内膜

antitussive: a drug that suppresses coughing

止咳药

droplet: a tiny drop 小滴

development: thing which develops or is being

developed; action of becoming mature

mucoid: resembling mucus

粘液样的

centriole: the small dense structure in the middle

of the centrosome

细胞中心粒；中心体

-oma tumor; swelling refers to a doer dermatofibroma: fibrous tumor of the skin

皮肤纤维瘤

-or/-er either a person or thing receptor: a sensory nerve ending that responds to

various stimuli感受器，受体

-ory characterized by; pertaining to suspensory: which is hanging down

悬吊式，悬带

-ose sugar fructose: fruits sugar found in honey and some

fruit 果糖

-osis abnormal condition onychocryptosis: abnormal condition of a hidden

nail 嵌甲

-ous pertaining to poisonous: pertaining to poison; also containing

poison 有毒的，分泌毒素的

-somes bodies ribosome: the body of nucleic acid核糖体

-um structure; thing; substance magnesium: a white metallic chemical substance

结构，物质 镁（金属元素）

-y condition; act; process dystrophy: disorder caused by defective nutrition

or metabolism 营养不良

The following is a list of the most commonly used compound suffixes

Suffix Meaning Example

-algia pain; painful; condition arthralgia: pain in a joint 关节痛

--ase enzyme protease: digestive enzyme 蛋白酶

-blast embryo胚，胚胎，人类胚胎 hemocytoblast: blast cell 血胚细胞，原始血细胞

-carcinoma malignant tumor developing from adenocarcinoma: malignant tumor developing

connective tissue 相关组织的恶性from glandular tissue 腺癌

肿瘤

-cele protrusion; distention突出；膨胀，esophagocele: abnormal distention of the

延伸 esophagus 食管突出

-centesis surgical puncture 手术穿孔 paracentesis: surgical puncture of a cavity for the

aspiration of fluid 穿刺术

-capnia carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 acapnia: absence of carbon dioxide 血液二氧化碳缺乏

-cide kill germicide: (substance) which can kill germs

杀菌剂

-clast cell phagocyte:cell, especially a white blood cell,

which can surround and destroy other cells 噬菌细胞

-dynia pain glossodynia: pain in the tongue 舌痛

-ectasia/ expansion; dilation(膨胀，扩张) atelectasis: incomplete expansion of the lungs at

-ectasis birth 肺不张

-ectomy surgical excision or removal of gastrectomy: surgical removal of the stomach胃切除术

-edema excessive accumulation of serous myxoedema: condition caused when the thyroid

-emia

-emesis

-gen

-genesis

-globin

-gnosis

-gram

-graph(y)

-iasis

-iatry/

-iatrics

-lith

-logy

-logist

-lysis

-malacia

-mania

-megaly

-metry/

-meter

fluid 水肿 gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone

粘液腺瘤病，粘液水肿

blood condition leukemia: any of several malignant diseases where

an abnormal number of leucocytes form in the

blood 白血病

vomiting 呕吐 hematemesis: the vomiting of blood 咯血；吐血

something that produced or pathogen: a microorganism or agent capable of

prouduces producing disease 病菌，病原体

production 生产 spermatogenesis: formation and development of

spermatozoa in the testes精子发生

protein蛋白质 hemoglobin: an iron-containing protein produced

by erythrocytes 血红素

knowledge diagnosis: the process of identifying the nature or

presence of a disease through knowledge and

examination

image; picture electrocardiogram: a graphic record of the

electrical activity of heart muscle or heartbeat

used in the diagnosis of heart disease.

Abbr. ECG and EKG. Syn. cardiogram

心电图

process of recording electocardiography: the process of making or

记录过程 recording electrocardiograms. Syn. cardiography

心电图记录

condition; state cholelithiasis: the formation of gallstones 胆石症

情况，状况

healing, frequently refers to a podiatry: treatment of foot disorders

branch of medicine 康复，常指医足部医疗

学的一个分支

stone cholelith: a gallstone; a stone formed in the

gallbladder 胆结石

the study of cytology: the science study of cells 细胞学

one who studies and treats urologist: a physician who specializes in the

practice of urology 泌尿科医生

breakdown, destruction hemolysis: the destruction or breakdown of red

blood cells with release of hemoglobin溶血

softening osteomalacia: softening of bone 骨软化

extreme compulsion or kleptomania: a morbid, uncontrollable compulsion

preoccupation强迫症 to steal 盗窃癖

giant acromegaly: a condition in which there is an

enlargement of the facial bones as well as those of

the lungs 肢端肥大症

measurement spirometry: measurement of the volume of air

inhaled and exhaled or the air capacity of the

lungs肺(活)量测定(法),呼吸量测定(法)

-odynia

-one

cardiodynia: pain in the heart region 心痛，胸痛

parathormone: which regulates calcium balance

among the blood, bones, and teeth甲状旁腺激素

-opia a defect in the eye眼睛的毛病 myopia: being short-sighted 近视

-opsy to view biopsy: excision of live tissue for microscopic

diagnosis活检

-osis morbid condition病态的 sclerosis: abnormal hardening 硬化症

-osmia smell anosmia: loss of the sense of smell嗅觉丧失

-ostomy process of making an opening into gastrostomy: surgical construction of an opening

or a connection between from the surface of the abdomen into the stomach造瘘 胃造口术

-oxia level of oxygen氧水平 hypoxia: a low oxygen level or a lack of oxygen in

body tissues组织缺氧

-pathy disease; diseased condition ophthalmopathy: any eye disease眼病

-penia deficiency leukopenia: deficiency of leukocytes in the blood.

Syn. leukocytopenia白细胞减少症

-pepsia digestion eupepsia: good digestion 消化良好

--pexy a fixing or setting firmly in place by hepatopexy: surgical fixation of a displace liver肝suturing 缝合固定 固定术

-phagia/phageating; swallowing 吃，吞咽 dysphagia: difficulty in swallowing吞咽困难

y

-phil attraction吸引，具有吸引力的事物basophil: type of leucocyte or white blood cell

which contains granules嗜碱性粒细胞

-phobia fear xenophobia: irrational fear of strangers对外国人的恐惧，憎恶

-plasia formation; development hyperplasia: overdevelopment or enlargement of

an organ or tissue增生，数量型肥大

-phonia voice dysphonia: difficulty in speaking发声困难

-plasm formation; growth or substance of cytoplasm: jelly substance in the cell细胞浆

formation

-plasty surgical repair osteoplasty: surgical repair of the bone骨整形术，骨成形术

--plegia stroke; paralysis 中风 thermoplegia: heat or sunsrtoke热射病

-pnea breathing eupnea: normal breathing呼吸正常，平静呼吸

--ptosis a falling, the dropping or sagging of hepatoptosis: abnormally low position of the liveran organ器官下移 肝下垂

-ptysis spitting分散 melanoptysis: spitting of the spleen黑痰液;咳黑痰

-poiesis production hemopoiesis: production of blood cells 造血作用，生血作用

-rrhage/ bursting forth of blood 出血 menorrhagia: very heavy bleeding during

-rrhagia menstruation 月经过多

-rrhaphy surgical sewing or suturing splenorrhaphy: suture of the spleen脾修补术

-rrhea overflow hydrorrhea: watery discharge液溢

pain

hormone荷尔蒙，激素

-(o)rrhexis splitting or rupture 撕裂，破裂，疝amniorrhexis: rupture of the amniotic ac

气 羊膜破裂

-sarcoma malignant tumor developing from liposarcoma: malignant tumor containing fat

connective tissue 脂肪肉瘤

-schesis a holding back; suppression of uroschesis: suppression of urine闭尿，尿潴留

discharge阻碍；抑制排放

-sclerosis a hardening dermatosclerosis: hardening of the skin硬皮病

-scope instrument for viewing stethoscope: an instrument for performing

medicate ausculation听诊器

-scopy process of examining visually hepatoscopy: examination of the liver 肝检查

-spasm involuntary contraction angiospasm: sudden contraction of the muscles in

a blood vessel血管痉挛

-stasis suppression; stoppage; control; hemostasis: the arrest of bleeding

arrest抑制，中止 止血，止血法

-stenosis abnormal narrowing of a duct or laryngostenosis: abnormal narrowing of the larynx

canal管、道德异常狭窄 喉狭窄

-stomy surgical opening to the outside of colostomy: surgical operation to make an opening

the body造口 from the colon结肠造口术

-tention pressure hypertention: high blood pressure 高血压

-therapy treatment physiotherapy: treatment of disease by physical

means物理疗法

--tion process hospitalization: the process of being hosipitalized住院

-tocia labor; birth 生产 embryotocia: abortion 流产

-tome tool for incision arthrotome: instrument for cutting a joint关节刀

-tomy process of cutting into gastrotomy: incision of the stomach 胃切开术

-tropia turning 转弯，变向 esotropia: turning inward of the eye内斜视

-trophy nourishment or development of an dystrophy: disorder caused by defective nutrition

organ器官的营养、发育 or metabolism营养不良

-uria a condition of the urine（小便） dysuria: difficultly in passing urine 排尿困难

-version turning eversion: a turning outward外翻，翻转

Here is a table of the most commonly used prefixes

Prefix Meaning Example

a-/an- without; not aphasia: the inability to understand written or

spoken words or to speak meaningfully失语症

ab- away from abortion: expulsion from the uterus流产

ad- to; toward; near adnasal: near the nose 近鼻的

acro- a point or tip acronyx: growing into the flesh嵌甲

alb- white albino: a person lacking normal pigmentation白发病者

amb-/ both ambisexual、bisexual: (person) who is sexually

ambi- attracted to both males and famales 双性恋

amphi-/ both; both sides amphicentric: beginning and ending in the same

ampho- vessel起止同源的血管

ana- up; back again

Angio- a blood vessel

ante- before

anti- against

audi- hearing; sound

auto- self

bi- two; twice

bio- living organisms生命体

brady- slow

carcin- carcinoma or cancer癌；瘤

cata- downwards; under; against;

along with

centi- one hundredth百分之一

co(n)- with or together

contra- against

de- removal or loss

deca- ten

deci- tenth

di- two

dia- through; between; apart; across

dis- reversal or separate

dys- bad; difficult; disordered

echo- sound

ect-/ outside or outer

ecto-

en- in; within

endo- inside

epi- on; over

anabolism: process of building up complex

chemical substances on the basis of simpler ones

合成代谢

angioma: benign tumor formed of blood vessel血管瘤

antenatal: during the period between conception

and childbirth 出生前的，怀孕期的

antidepressant: (drug) used to treat depression抗抑郁剂

audiometry: science of testing hearing听力测定

autoantibody: antibody formed to attack the

body’s own cells自身抗体

bicellular: two cells两室的

biochemistry: chemistry living tissues生物化学

bradycardia: slow rate of heart contraction, shown

by a slow pulse rate心动过缓

carcinogen: a cancer-causing substance致癌物

cataract: condition where the lens of the eye

gradually becomes hard and opaque白内障

centimeter: unit of measurement of length(=one

hundredth of a meter)厘米

consanguineous: blood relationship血亲的，血缘的，密切的

contraception: prevention of pregnancy by using

devices or drugs 避孕法，节育法

decaffeinated: (coffee) with the caffeine removed

脱去的

decagram: ten grams 十克

deciliter: unit of measurement of liquid(=one tenth

of a little)1/10公升

diglossia: a double tongue使用两种语言

diathermy: process of (treating) through heat

透热疗法

disintegrate: to come to pieces分解，破裂

dysarthrosis: deformity or malformation of a joint关节变形

echocardiography: ultrasonography of the heart心回波描记，超声心动描记术

ecchondroma: benign tumor on the surface of

cartilage or bone外生软骨瘤

enostosis: benign growth inside a bone内生骨疣

endocardium: membrane which lines the heart心内膜

epidermis: outer layer of skin表皮

ery- red

eso- inward; within(向内)

eu- good

ex-/ exo- out of

extra- outside

hemi- half

hydro- water

hyper- higher or too much

hypo- less or too little

in- in or into

in- not

infra- below or beneath

inter- between

intra- inside

itro- into

mal- bad or abnormal

meta- changes

micro- very small

mid- middle

milli- one thousandth

mis- error or wrong

multi- many

noct- at night

nona- nine or the nineth

octa- eight

odont- teeth

erythrocyte: mature non-nucleated red blood cell红细胞

esotropia: turning inward of the eye内斜视

eugenics: study of how to improve the human race

by genetic selection优生学

exhale: to breath out 呼出

extracapsular: outside a capsule囊外的

hemiplegia: severe paralysis affecting one side of

the body 偏瘫,半身麻痹,半身不遂

hydrocele: collection of watery liquid found in a

cavity such as the scrotum阴囊积水

hyperglycaemia: excess of glucose in the blood高血糖症

hypokalaemia: deficiency of potassium in the

blood 低血钾

inbreeding: breeding between a closely related

male and female 近亲交配

incoherent: not able to speak in a way which

makes sense语无伦次

infrapatellar: below or beneath the patella髌

interlobular: between lobules小叶间的

intramedullary: inside the bone marrow or spinal

cord 髓内

introvert: person who thinks only about himself

and his own mental state性格内向的人

malfunction: abnormal working of an argan机器等运转失常；失灵；出现故障

metaplasia: change of one tissue to another

化生，转化，组织变形

microcyte: abnormally small red blood cell小红细胞

midcarpal: between the two rows of carpal bones腕骨间的

milligram: unit of measurement of weight 毫克

miscarriage: spontaneous abortion流产

multigravida: a woman who is pregnant and has

been pregnant at least twice before 经产孕妇

nocturia: passing abnormally large quantity of

urine when asleep in bed at night夜尿症

nonagon: flat shape which has nine sides九边形

octan: every eight days八日热；每隔八日发一次的

odontology: study of teeth and associated

structures, and their disorders

onco-

oro-

pachy-

pali-/

palin-

pan-/pant-/

panto-

para-

pen-/

penta-

per-

peri-

pero-

pharmaco-

pleo-/

pleio-

pluri-

pneum-/

pneunmo-

poly-

post-

pre-

presby-

pro-/

supin-/

pron-

quadri-/

quint-

radio-

tumours oncology: scientific study of new gowths肿瘤学

mouth orolingual: pertaining to the mouth and tongue口与舌的

thickening pachysomia: condition where soft tissues of the

body become abnormally thick躯体肥厚

against; pathologic repetition病态palindromic: (disease) which recurs

的重复 复发的，再发的

all pancytopenia: abnormal depression of all the

cellular elements of the blodd全血细胞减少症

similar to or near; changed or paralyse or paralyze: to weaken (muscles) so that

beyond they cannot function使麻痹，使瘫痪

five pentosuria: excretion of pentoses in the urine

戊糖尿

through percutaneous: done or administered through the

skin经皮的，由皮的

around pericystitis: inflammation of tissue around the

bladder膀胱周炎

deformed or defective畸形有缺陷peromelia: congenital deformity of the limbs

的 四肢不全

drugs pharmacology: study of drugs or medicines, and

their action, properties and characteristics药理学，药物学

too many pleokaryocyte: condition where a greater than

normal number of cells in cerebrospinal fluid多核细胞

more pluriglandular: pertaining to or affecting several

glands多线性的

air or the lungs; breathing pneumonia: inflammation of a lung

肺炎

touching many organs polyphagia: condition where a patient eats too

much; morbid desire for every king of food 多食症，杂食症

after or later postprandial: after a meal 餐后的

before of in front of premature: early or before the normal time 过早的，早产

old age presbyopia: an old person’s sight fails gradually老花眼

before or in front of prognosis: prediction of the outcome of a diseaselying on the back 预测；预后

bend forward

four quadruplet or quad: one of four babies born to a

five/fifth mother at the same time四胞胎

ray or radiation radiotherapy: treating a disease by exposing the

affected part to radioactive 放射疗法

semi- half

sub- under

super- above; extremely

syn- with; joint

supra- above; over

tachy- fast

tetra- four

trans- across; through; beyond

tri- three

ultra- beyond; excess

uni- one

xen(o)- strange; foreign

semiptosis: the downward sagging of half or part

of an organ 轻度睑下垂

submucous: under the mucous membrane粘膜下层的；粘膜下的

superalbuminosis: abnormal increase of albumin白蛋白过多

syndesmosis: joint where the ones are tightly

linked by ligaments 韧带联合

suprarenal: (situated) above a kidney 肾上腺

tachycardia: rapid beating of the heart 心动过速

tetracycline: antibiotic used to treat a wide range

of bacterial diseases 四环素

transmission: the transfer, as of a disease, from

one person to another 传染

tricephalus: a fetus with three heads 三头畸胎

ultrasonics: the science dealing with ultrasonic

sound waves 超声波学

uniglandular: affecting only one gland 单腺的

xenograft: a graft of tissue transplant between

animals of different species 异种移植物