医学英语常用词根词缀表

corne/o cornea [5kC:niE] 角膜

corneocyte [`kR:nIEJ sait]: （-cyte cell） cells of cornea

corneitis [7kC:ni5aitis]: (-itis inflammation, infection炎症) inflammation of the cornea

retin/o retina [5retinE] 视网膜

retinopathy [reti5nCpEWi]: (-pathy disease) disease of the retina 视网膜病变

retinitis [7reti5naitis] inflammation of the retina

hetero- unequal, different

heteropsia [7hetE5rCpsiE]: unequal vision in the two eyes 两眼不等视

heterosexual：[7hetErEu5seksjuEl] relating to different sexes 异性的

blephar/o eyelid 眼睑

blepharotomy [7blefE5rCtEmi] (-tomy surgical incision 切开术)

surgical incision of an eyelid

blepharitis [7blefE5raitis]

ocul/o , ophthalm/o, opt/o, -opia, -opsia eye, vision

intraocular [7intrE5CkjulE] adj. Situated or occurring within the eyeball 眼内的

oculist：[5Ckju:list] n. A physician who treats diseases of the eyes 眼科医生

ophthalmologist：[7CfWAl5mClEdVist] A physician who treats diseases of the eyes眼科医生

exophthalmos [7eksCf5WAlmCs] (ex- outside) protrusion of the eyeball 眼球突出症

optometer [Cp5tCmitE]： instrument for measuring the power of the eye 视力计

heteropsia [7hetE5rCpsiE]: unequal vision in the two eyes 两眼不等视

acous/o： sound, hearing

acoustics [E5ku:stIks] study of sound 声学

audi/o

audiology [7C:di5ClEdVi]： the study and treatment of hearing disorders 听力学

audiometry [7C:di5Cmitri]：measurement of hearing activity 听力测定 （-metry measurement of 测量）

audiometer [7C:di5CmitE]: An instrument for measuring hearing activity 听力计

（-meter instrument to measure time, distance, speed--- 计，仪，表）

ot/o ear

otoscope [5EutEskEup] An instrument for examining the interior of the ear 耳镜

otorhinology [7EutErai5nClEdVi]: the study of the ear and nose 耳鼻科学

rhin/o nose

rhinoplasty [7rainE5plAsti] plastic surgery of the nose 鼻整形术 （-plasty surgical repair 修复术）

arthro-

joint 关节

arthritis [B:5Wraitis]

arthropathy [B:5WrCpEWi] n. disease of a joint. 关节病变

epididym/o epididymis [7epi5didimis] (Greek) 附睾

epididymovasostomy :

Surgical anastomosis of the vas deferens to the epididymis 输精管附睾吻合术

（-stomy surgical connection, surgical anastomosis 吻合术）

epididymotomy [7epididi5mCtEmi]

epididymitis [7epi7didi5maitis]

orchi/o; orchid/o; orch/o testicle, testis 睾丸

orchidopexy [5C:kidEu7peksi]:

surgical fixation of a testis

睾丸固定术 (-opexy surgical fixation 固定术)

orchitis [C:5kaitis]

orchiectomy [7C:ki5ektEmi]：surgical removal of one or both testes 睾丸切除术

（-ectomy surgical removal 切除术）

prostat/o prostate [5prCsteit] gland 前列腺

prostatomegaly [9prCstEtC`me^Eli]: enlargement of the prostate gland

prostatitis [7prCstE5taitis] n.

sperm/o, spermat/o sperm 精子

oligospermia [7Cli^Eu5spE:miE]:

deficiency of sperm in the semen 精子缺乏/减少症

(olig- lack, deficiency 缺乏)

spermiogenesis [7spE:miEu5dVenisis] formation of sperm 精子形成

(-genesis formation or production)

amni/o amnion [5AmniEn] 羊膜

amniocentesis

[7AmniEusen5ti:sis]: the surgical insertion of a hollow needle through the abdominal wall

and into the uterus of a pregnant female to obtain amniotic fluid especially to examine the fetal

chromosomes for an abnormality and for the determination of sex

羊膜穿刺术

(centesis [sen5ti:sis] n.

surgical puncture (as of a tumor or membrane)

穿刺术

amniorrhexis [7AmniEu 5reksis] rupture of the amnion 羊膜破裂

(rhexis [5reksis] n. outburst or rupture 破裂)

cervic/o cervix, neck 颈部, 子宫颈

cervicitis [7sE:vi5saitis]

inflammation of the uterine cervix

cervimeter [7sE:5vimitE]

colp/o , vagin/o vagina [vE5dVainE] 阴道

colpitis ＝ vaginitis

colposcope [5kClpEskEup] A device used as an aid in the diagnostic examination of the vaginal and

cervical epithelia. 阴道镜

men/o mensis (pl. menses), menstruation, menorrhea 月经

amenorrhea [ei7menE5ri:E]: abnormal suppression or absence of menstruation. 不正常经闭，无月经

（a- an- absence of 无，缺乏）

dysmenorrhea : painful menstruation 痛经 (dys- difficult and painful)

menopause : the period marked by the natural and permanent cessation of menstruation 绝经期, 更年期

perine/o perineum [7peri5ni:Em] 会阴

perineorrhaphy [7perini:E5CrEfi]: suture of a ruptured perineum 会阴缝合术

(-rrhaphy suture, sewing up 缝合)

salping/o uterine tubes, fallopian tubes, oviduct 输卵管

salpingocyesis[sAlpiN^Csai5i:sis]：tubal pregnancy 输卵管妊娠

salpingorrhaphy [sAlpiN5^CrEfi]：Suture of a fallopian tube

urethr/o urethra [jJE5ri:WrE] 尿道

urethroscope [juE5ri:WrEskEup];

urethrostenosis [juE7ri:WrEsti5nEusis] (stenosis: A constriction or narrowing of a duct 狭窄)

urethrorrhaphy

uter/o， hyster/o uterus, womb 子宫

hysterorrhexis [7histErEu5reksis]

hysteropexy [7histE5rCpeksi] = uteropexy

ur/o, ur-， -uria urine [5juErin] 尿

dysuria [dis5juEriE] n. Painful or difficult urination. 排尿困难

anuria [E5njuEriE] n. the absence of urine 无尿症

calciuria [7kAlsi5juEriE] presence of calcium in the urine 钙尿

oliguria [7Cli5^juEriE]

reduced excretion of urine 少尿症

ureter/o ureter [juE5ri:tE, 5juEri:tE] 尿管, 输尿管

ureteorrhaphy (Suturing of the ureter)

ureterectomy

ureterography [7juEri:tE5rC^rEfi] X-ray photography of the ureter 输尿管造影术

ureterostenosis

pyel/o renal pelvis 肾盂

pyelogram [5paiElE^rAm] X-ray photo of the renal pelvis 肾盂X照片/ 肾盂造影照片

pyelography [7paiE5lC^rEfi] n. X-ray photography of the pelvis of the kidney 肾盂造影术

pyelonephritis [7paiElEuni5fraitis] Inflammation of the kidney and its pelvis

thyroid/o thyroid [5WairCid] 甲状腺

hypothyroidism [haIpEJ5WaIrCIdIz(E)m]： Insufficient production of thyroid hormones 甲状腺机能减退

hyperparathyroidism [haIpE5WaIrCIdIz(E)m] excessive production of thyroid hormones 甲状腺机能亢进

thyromegaly

gluc/o ， glyc/o suger , glucose 葡萄糖，糖

glucogenesis [7^lu:kEu5dVenisis]: production of glucose 葡萄糖生成(作用)

hypoglycemia [7haipEu^lai5si:miE] An abnormally low level of glucose in the blood 低血糖

glycosuria [5^laikEs5juEriE] excess sugar in the urine 糖尿

lip/o fat 脂肪

lipoma [li5pEumE, lai-] A benign tumor composed of fat cells 脂肪瘤

lipolysis [li5pClisis] breakdown or destruction of fat

脂解作用

lipogenesis [9lIpEJ`dVenIsIs,9laI-] production of fat 脂肪生成

lipocyte [5lipEsait]

a fat cell

脂肪细胞

hepat/o liver [5livE] 肝脏

hepatomegaly [7hepEtEu5me^Eli] enlargement of liver 肝肿大

hepatitis: inflammation of liver 肝炎

hepatectomy [7hepE5tektEmi] surgical removal of the liver

derm/o, dermat/o –derma skin

dermatology: [7dE:mE5tClEdVi] the study of the physiology and pathology of the skin. 皮肤病学

dermatitis: inflammation of the skin

out 之上） 表皮

epidermis:

outer layer of the skin （epi- above,

dermatosclerosis [7dE:mEtEskliE5rEusis] thickening or hardening of of the skin 硬皮病

cerebell/o cerebellum [7seri5belEm] 小脑

cerebr/o cerebrum [5seribrEm] 大脑

cerebrosclerosis [7seribrEuskliE5rEusis] hardening of the substance of the cerebrum 脑硬化

onc/o tumor, mass

oncogene [5CnkE7dVi:n] A gene that causes the transformation of normal cells into cancerous tumor cells

致癌基因

oncology [CN5kClEdVi]：The branch of medicine that deals with tumors 肿瘤学

oncogenesis [7CNkE5dVenisis] The formation and development of tumors. 瘤形成

cyst/o sac, cyst, bladder 囊，膀胱

cystitis [sis5taitis] Inflammation of the urinary bladder 膀胱炎

cystectomy：surgical removal of the urinary bladder or the gallbladder 膀胱/胆囊切除术

cystogram [5sistE^rAm] （-gram X-ray picure）

an x-ray examination of the urinary bladder

膀胱造影照片

-plasia = growth

Hyperplasia [7haipE(:)5pleiViE] An abnormal increase in the number of cells 增生

anaplasia [9AnE`pleIsIE] （a- an- lack, without）

reversion of cells to an immature or a less differentiated form 退行发育

neoplasia [5ni(:)Eu5pleiViE]: Formation of new tissue 瘤形成

dysplasia: (dys- bad, abnormal) (Abnormal development or growth of tissues, organs, or cells 发育异常

-cide killer, killing

Bactericide [bAk`tIErIsaId] An agent （物质） that destroys bacteria. 杀菌剂

parasiticide [7pArE5sitisaid] An agent （物质） that destroys parasites 驱虫剂

esthesi/o feeling, sensation

anesthesia [7Anis5Wi:zjE]：total or partial loss of sensation 感觉缺失，麻木

paraesthesia [7pAres5Wi:zjE]: an abnormal sensation 感觉异常

-asthenia weakness 虚弱

myasthenia [5maiAs5Wi:niE] : (myo- muscle) Abnormal muscular weakness or fatigue 肌无力

neurasthenia [njuErEs5Wi:niE, -njE] (A neurotic disorder characterized by chronic fatigue and weakness, loss

of memory, and generalized aches and pains) 神经衰弱

-plegia paralysis [pE5rAlisis] 瘫痪

quadriplegia [7kwCdrE5pli:dViE] Complete paralysis of the body from the neck down 四肢瘫痪

paraplegia: [7pArE5pli:dViE] paralysis of the lower half of the body 下身麻痹/截瘫

myo / my/ muscle

myoma [mai5EumE] A tumor composed of muscle tissue 肌瘤

myocarditis [7maiEukB:5daitis] Inflammation of the myocardium 心肌炎

encephal/o ，cephal- brain，head

encephalitis [en7sefE5laitis] inflammation of the brain 脑炎

encephaloma [en9sefE`lEJmE] a tumor of the brain 脑瘤

以下为供大家参考的词根、词缀

-itis inflammation, infection 炎症

-otomy surgical incision 切开术

-ectomy surgical removal of 切除术

-rrhea overabundance 溢出

-oma new things produced 瘤

-stenosis a constriction or narrowing of 狭窄

intra- inside

-meter instrument designed to measure time, distance, speed--- 计，仪，表

-metry measurement of 测量法，测量

-ic, -ar, -al a. pertaining to or relating to 与---有关的

path/o , -pathy disease, condition

-scope a viewing instrument 用于观察的仪器

-scopy visual examination of 镜检

-cyte cell

-ostomy： making a connection between 吻合术

-pexy: surgical fixing 固定术

-lith, lith/o : stone, calculus 石， 结石

megalo-， -megaly abnormally large; enlargement 巨大，肥大

oligo-， oligo- olig- Few 少的

-rrhexis: rupture 破裂

-plasty: plastic surgery, surgical repair 成形术，整形术

-rrhaphy suture 缝合术

-gram radiographic record X线照相，造影

-graphy recording X线照相术，造影术

hypo- below; beneath; under； deficient

hyper- over; above; beyond; excessive

-genesis formatin, production 生成

-lysis dissolution, break down 水解，分解

sclerosis： A thickening or hardening of 硬化症

dys- Abnormal, Difficult, bad

a- an- absence of, without 没有，缺失