如把童子鸡,翻译成“还没有过性生活的鸡” “Chicken
without sexual life”。北京一家豪华大饭店把“酸菜包”翻译成“酸性食品”(Acid food),把“夫妻肺片”直译成“丈夫和妻子的肺切片”(Husband and wife lung slice)
一个国家的烹调,尤其是五花八门的菜名,属于饮食文化。我国是一个具有5000多年文明史,56个民族的大国。全国除了8个大的菜系之外,几乎每个地区又有自己的特菜肴。所以,我国的饮食文化是世界上最丰富多彩的。
中餐又讲究、香、味。不仅好看,味道好闻而且吃起来口感也好。这是中餐在世界各地普遍受欢迎的最主要原因之一。。
我国的菜名有千千万,有些菜名形象生动,具有丰富的想象力和诗情画意。许多菜名具有极高的文化内涵,属于中华文化宝库的重要组成部分。
我们的许多菜,外国没有。中、西方饮食文化差异比较大,思维方式也不同,沟通起来有一定难度。如童子鸡可以翻译成Young
chicken或Young adult chicken或 Teen chicken 。“夫妻肺片”,实际上是猪肺的切片。这样就可以翻译成Stir-fried pork lung slices。“桃花饭”又名“三鲜锅巴”,可译成“Baked
(Deep-fried)crisp-rice-crusts with hot sauce of three delicacies”。这个菜除了、香、味之外,还产生一股热气和咝咝的响声,能够营造一种热烈氛围。
中餐的名称大体可以划分为五大类:
一、以菜肴的主料和配料为主的菜名
二 、以菜肴的主料、配料和烹饪方法为主的菜名
三、以主料和味道为主的菜名
四、半形象化的菜名
五、完全形象化的菜名
第一、第二和第三类菜名翻译起来并不十分困难,基本上都可以直译;第四类以意译为主,第五类一般不宜直译,最好采用汉语拼音加注的办法。
一、以菜肴的主料和配料为主的菜名
1、辣子鸡丁,Sauté pork cubes with chili or hot pepper
2、榨菜肉丝,Shredded pork and hot pickled mustard greens
3、扁豆肉丝,Shredded pork and French beans
4、青椒肉丝,Shredded pork and green pepper
5、鸭翅膀,Duck wing tips
6、豌豆黄,Pea puree cake
7、馅饼,Pancake with meat fillings or meat-filled pancake
8、汤面,Noodles with soup or soup noodles
9、青豆鸡丁汤,Soup of chicken cubes with green peas wow
gold
10、三鲜汤,Three–fresh soup或 soup of three delicacies
11、清汤鱼肚,Consommé(Clear soup) of fish maw
12、冬瓜汤,Consommé(Clear soup) of white gourd
13、西红柿鸡蛋汤,Tomato and egg soup
14、肉丝海带汤,Soup of shredded meat with kelps wow gold
15、素鸡汤,Clear chicken soup
16、白菜汤,Chinese cabbage soup
17、肉片汤,Sliced pork soup
18、榨菜肉丝汤,Soup with shredded pork and hot pickled
mustard greens
19、丸子汤,Meat-ball soup
20、酸辣汤,Hot and sour soup
21、黄瓜鸡片汤,Soup of cucumber with chicken slices
22、豆汁,Fermented sour milk made from ground mung bean
wow gold
23、冬菇猪蹄,Pig’s trotter with mushrooms
24、肉蓉青豆,Fried green peas with minced pork
25、咖喱牛肉片,Sliced beef in curry sauce
26、蚝油牛肉片,Sauté beef slices in oyster sauce
27、葱头牛肉丝,Shredded beef with onions
28、咖喱鸡,Chicken in curry sauce
29、桃仁鸡丁,Sauté chicken cubes with walnuts
30、南荠鸡片,Sauté chicken slices with water chestnuts
31、栗子鸡,Stewed chicken with chestnuts
32、茶叶蛋,Boiled eggs with tea-leafs
33、番茄大虾,Prawns with tomato sauce
34、茄汁虾球,Fried prawn balls with tomato sauce
35、蟹肉鱼肚,Stewed fish maw with crab meat wow gold
真的不掉线吗??、
36、豆浆,Soya bean milk
37、豆腐乳(腐乳,酱豆腐),Fermented bean
curd
38、豆腐,汉语拼音doufu, 或bean curd
39、冬菇菜心, Cabbage heart with
mushrooms
40、冬菇油菜,Sauté rape with mushrooms
二 、以菜肴的主料和烹饪方法为主的菜名
1、叉烧肉,Grilled pork
2、回锅肉,Twiced-cooked pork slices in hot
sauce 或 boiled and fried pork slices
3、炒杂碎,Chop suey,海外华人餐馆里一直这样用,已经被正式编入美国《韦伯斯特新世界大学词典》(Webster’s new world college dictionary)
4、清汤燕窝,Consommé of swallow nest
5、清汤银耳,Consommé of white fungus
6、清汤银耳鹌鹑蛋,Consommé of white
fungus with quail eggs
7、清汤鲍鱼,Consommé of abalone
8、拔丝苹果,Crisp(rock) sugar-coated apple
or toffee apple
9、拔丝香蕉,Crisp(rock) sugar-coated banana
or toffee banana
10、炒面条,Fried noodles
11、烧饼,Baked cake in griddle
12、核桃酪,Walnut tea
13、杏仁豆腐,Almond curd, almond junket
14、银耳羹,Broth of white fungus
15、中国发糕(山西蒸馍),Steamed Chinese
sponge cake
16、凉拌粉皮(丝),Cold sheet jelly (made of
bean or potato starch) (vermicelli) with mustard
and meat shreds
17、鸡油冬笋(扁豆),Sauté bamboo shoots
(French beans)in chicken oil
18、油焖鲜蘑,Braised fresh mushrooms
19、鸡蛋炒韭菜,Sauté eggs with leek
20、茶叶蛋,Boiled eggs with tea-leafs
21、白斩鸡,Boiled -sliced cold chicken
22、芥末拌鸭掌,Cold duck webs mixed with
mustard
23、冬笋炒肉丝,Sauté shredded pork with
bamboo shoots
24、米粉蒸肉,Steamed pork with rice flour
25、炒里脊丝,Sauté pork fillet shreds
26、酱爆肉(鸡)丁,Sauté pork(chicken)cubes with soya paste
27、炒腰花,Sauté pork kidney
28、熘肝尖,Quick-fried liver
29、醋熘(辣)白菜, Starch-coated quick-fried
Chinese cabbage with vinegar(hot pepper) wow
gold
30、干炸丸子,Deep-fried meat balls
31、红烧肘子,Braised(or red stewed) pork
leg(upper part of pork leg) in brown sauce,
32、软炸里脊,Soft-fried pork fillet
33、油熘里脊,Sauté fillet with white sauce
34、瓤冬瓜,Stuffed-steamed white gourd
35、红烧扣肉,Braised sliced pork in brown
sauce
36、红烧羊肉,Braised mutton in brown sauce
37、葱爆羊肉,Stir-fried mutton slices with
Chinese onion or green scallion
38、烤羊肉串,Mutton shashlik
39、炸鸡卷,Fried chicken rolls
40、糖炒栗子,北京特产,Roasted chestnuts
in sugar-coated heated sand
41、红扒鸡(鸭),Braised chicken(duck) in
brown sauce.
42、红烧全鸡,Stewed whole chicken in brown
sauce
43、口蘑蒸鸡(鸭),Steamed chicken(duck)
with truffle(fresh mushrooms)
44、清蒸全鸡(鸭),Steamed whole
chicken(duck) in clear soup
45、清蒸鲤鱼,Steamed carp
46、砂锅鸡,Cooked chicken in casserole
47、炸鸭肝(胗),Deep-fried duck liver(gizzards)
48、红烧松鸡,Braised grouse in brown sauce
49、炒山鸡片, Sauté pheasant slices
50、北京烤鸭,已经被编入美国英语词典(Webster’s new world college dictionary),Roasted Beijing duck
51、干烧大虾,Fried prawns with hot brown
sauce
52、干烧桂鱼,Fried mandarin fish with hot
brown sauce
53、红烧大虾(鱼),Stewed prawns(fish) in
brown sauce
54、红烧鱼翅,Braised shark’s fin in brown
sauce
55、红烧鲍鱼,Stewed abalone with brown
sauce
56、红烧海参,Stewed sea cucumber
57、蚝油鲍鱼,Braised abalone with oyster oil
58、鸡丝鱼翅,Stewed shark’s fin with
chicken shreds
59、软炸大虾,Starch-coated soft-fried prawns
60、清炒虾仁,Sauté shrimp meat
61、糟熘鱼片,Fried fish slices with wine
sauce
62、烧元鱼,Braised turtle meat
63、烧三鲜,sauté of three delicacies(Three
freshes)
64、海参烧鱼肚,Sauté sea cucumber and fish
maw
65、栗子烧白菜,Sauté Chinese cabbage with
chestnuts
66、油酥火烧,Shortened -crisp cakes
67、西法大虾,就是软炸大虾,Starch-coated
deep-fried prawns in French way
68、汽锅鸡 就是蒸鸡,Steamed chicken in
casserole
69、烤乳猪,Roasted sucking pig or Roasted
baby pig
三、以主料和味道为主
1、麻辣牛肉,Sauté beef with hot pepper and
Chinese prickly ash
2、糖醋里脊,Fried pork fillet in sweet and sour
sauce 3、糖醋鱼,Sweet and sour fish
4、麻辣豆腐,Sauté bean curd with hot pepper
and Chinese prickly ash
5、怪味鸡,multi-flavored 或Fancy-flavoured
chicken
6、五香花生米(鸡),Spiced peanuts(chicken)
7、酸菜(大白菜,中国特有蔬菜)Fermented
sour or pickled Chinese cabbage
8、酸甜辣黄瓜条,Sweet-sour and chili
cucumber slips
9、鱼香肉丝,Sauté shredded pork in hot
sauce, or sauté of fish flavored shredded pork
10、香酥(琵琶)鸡腿,加味后,先蒸后炸。这个菜是中国驻外使领馆举行招待会时经常上的菜肴,往往在腿根部再加上一块红纸,以便客人用手拿着吃,很受欢迎。Spiced-steamed and deep-fried
(pipa-shaped)crisp chicken legs(Pipa is a
Chinese musical instrument)。美国人称琵琶鸡腿为“鼓槌鸡腿” Chicken drum stick
11、椒盐鱼,Deep-fried fish served with salt
pepper
12、臭豆腐,Preserved smelly bean curd
四、半形象化的菜名
1、金钱鱼肚中的金钱是香菇,可译成Fish maw
with mushrooms。
2、柿汁龙须菜中的龙须菜是芦笋,可以译为
sauté asparagus with tomato sauce
3、宫保鸡(肉)丁或花生仁鸡丁,Sauté
chicken(pork) cubes with hot pepper and
deep-fried crisp peanuts
4、宫保大虾,Sauté prawns with hot sauce
5、酱爆肉丁,Sauté pork cubelets with soya
paste
6、木须肉,是肉片木耳炒鸡蛋,Sauté pork
slices with eggs and fungus
7、春卷,汉语拼音,Chunjuan or spring rolls。这道菜深受外国人欢迎,在驻外使领馆举行的招待会上,几乎上多少,吃多少。
8、肉龙,就是蒸发面肉卷,Steamed rolls with
meat inside or steamed meat-filled rolls
9、玉米、栗子面窝头,中国特有,用汉语拼音Wotou, steamed pagoda-shaped bread made of
corn flour or chestnut flour, or steamed
dome-shaped bread made of corn flour
10、什锦冷盘,Assorted cold dishes or
assorted hor d’oeuvre
11、什锦火锅,Mixed meat hot-pot
12、海鲜火锅,Seafood hot-pot
13、松花蛋,中国特产,Preserved eggs,或limed eggs或 fossilized eggs
14、豆苗芙蓉汤,Consommeé of of egg- white
with bean sprouts
15、古老肉,就是酸甜肉,是深受西方人喜爱的大众菜肴,也能登大雅之堂,Sweet and sour pork
16、栗子花篮,是用栗子面做成的花篮,很早被外国人译成“北京的尘土”,Peking(Beijing)dust。这个译名可能是从西餐的奶油栗子粉(Peking
dust)演变而来的。
17、西瓜花篮,是把西瓜加工成花篮形状,里面放各种时鲜水果,Basket -shaped Water melon
shaped like a basket filled with assorted fresh
fruits
18、红烧狮子头,直译狮子的头,Lion’s head,是先炸后炖的大丸子,加注:Deep-fried red-stewed
big meat balls like lion’s head
19、芙蓉鸡片,用鸡蛋和淀粉浸过的鸡片,经油炸或油煸之后,样子像芙蓉花,Fried egg-and
starch coated chicken slices look like cottonrose
hibiscus
20、黑白菜,东北著名菜肴,是黑木耳炒白菜,Sauté Chinese cabbage with black fungus
21、樟茶鸭,熏过的鸭子颜类似樟、茶,Smoked duck
22、蟹肉龙须菜,龙须菜是芦笋,Sauté crab
meat and asparagus
23、麻婆豆腐,这是一个类似成语的大众菜肴,最好用汉语拼音,Mapo-doufu,再加注英文:Bean
curd invented by a pockmarked woman(麻脸婆发明的豆腐) ,再解释:Sauté bean curd with minced
pork in chili sauce(or hot pepper),在上菜时,再讲故事介绍
24、豆腐脑,Bean curd jelly served with sauce
25、豆花儿,Condensed bean curd jelly
26、腐竹,Rolls of dried bean milk creams
27、油饼,中国特有食品,汉语拼音,Youbing ,加注: Deep-fried round and flat dough-cake
28、油条,中国特有食品,汉语拼音,Youtiao ,
加注:Deep-fried twisted long dough sticks
29、麻花,中国特产,汉语拼音,Mahua ,加注:Deep-fried twisted dough, two or three ,entangled
together ,very short and crisp
30、叫花子鸡 可以直译为 Beggar’s
chicken ,上菜时讲故事。
31、狗不理包子,中国特产,用汉语拼音,Goubuli baozi ,加注:Steamed buns filled with
vegetables, meat or other ingredients, which,
even in the hard days, dogs didn’t eat ,because
it wan too oily 。
32、长寿面,可以直译为longevity noodles,long life noodles
33、珍珠丸子,不能直译为Pearl balls,会被误解成珍珠做成的圆球。应该译为清汤肉丸子,Meat
balls in clear soup
34、琵琶大虾,这是一个很名贵的菜肴,是把大对虾从中间劈开,保留虾尾,加上配料用油炸,外形酷似琵琶。可译为Pipa shaped deep-fried
prawns(Pipa is a Chinese musical instrument)
五、完全形象化的菜名
1、饺子,中国特产,用汉语拼音,Jiaozi, 加注dumplings,ravioli。 2、蒸饺,中国特产,Steamed jiaozi or steamed dumplings,or ravioli
3、馄饨,云吞,中国特产,用汉语拼音Hutun,yuntu ,海外华人餐馆一直这样用,实际上已经被外国人了解。加注:Mini jiaozi served in soup
4、元宵,中国特有,用汉语拼音,Yuanxiao ,加注:Filled round balls made of glutinous rice
-flour for Lantern Festival
5、汤圆,中国特有,用汉语拼音,Tangyuan,(filled balls made of glutinous rice flour
and served with soup
6、八宝饭,中国特有,用汉语拼音,Babaofan ,加注: Rice pudding with eight-delicious
ingredients
7、花卷,Steamed rolls
8、银丝卷,Steamed rolls(bread)look like silver
threads
9、糖葫芦或冰糖葫芦,北京特产,用汉语拼音,Bingtanghulu 加注:Crisp-sugar coated fruit(haws,
yam, crab apple ,etc )on a stick.
10、猫耳朵,山西特产,直译Cat ’s ears, 加
注:Steamed cat-ear shaped bread
11、包子,中国特有,用汉语拼音,Baozi , 加注:Steamed buns with fillings of minced
vegetables, meat or other ingredients
12、,就是蛇肉和猫肉,可以形象地翻译成Battle between dragon and tiger,加注:Stir-fried snake and cat’s meat
13、驴打滚,属于北京风味小吃,就是年糕卷沾黄豆面,如同驴在黄土地上打滚,非常形象生动,完全可以翻译成D rolling on dust- ground,再加注:Rolls made of glutinous rice flour coated with
soybean flour,looks like d rolling on dust-ground.
14、大丰收,实际上是西餐中的什锦生菜沙拉,这个菜名很有创意。堪称中西结合的典范。但是,只有吃过的人才知道它是什么。可以用汉语拼音,Dafengshou ,Big harvest,再加注:Salad of
assorted fresh vegetables
如何既把菜名翻译成正确的英文,又尽量原汁原味地保留菜名的形象性和生动性,实在不容易。主要原因是外国没有相对应的菜肴名称。所以,有些菜名无论如何翻译,如果老外没有亲自品尝过,
也很难搞明白
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