新概念英语第三册笔记 第29课

Lesson 29 Funny or not? 是否可笑？

本课的不全

New words and expression 生词和短语

Largely adv.在很大程度上

-- His success was largely due to luck.

Universal adj.普遍的 (adj. 普遍的；通用的；宇宙的；全世界的；全体的)

universal agent n.全权代理人 universal time n.(= Greenwich Time)世界时间,格林尼治时

universal joint n.[机]万向接头

万向接头：一种接头或连轴节，能使互相不在一条线上的机械零件在传输旋转运动时在任意方向上具有有限的运动自由度。

Universality [,ju:nɪvɜ:'sælətɪ] n.普遍性, 一般性, 多方面性, 广泛性

But that should not deter us from seeing its nobility and universality [dɪ'tɜ:] vt. 制止;阻止;使打消念头

Universally [ju:nɪ'vɜ:səlɪ] adv.普遍地, 全体地, 到处

-- It’s universally acknowledged that English is get more and more important. -- Acknowledged adj.公认的

universalize [ju:nɪ'vɜ:s(ə)laɪz] 使普遍化，使一般化

Observe what is best and to strive to universalize these qualities vi. 努力；奋斗；抗争

Universe n.宇宙, 世界, 万物

Comic adj.喜剧的, 可笑的

Comedian n.滑稽演员, 喜剧演员

Comedy n.喜剧, 喜剧性的事情

-- Tragic adj.悲惨的, 悲剧的 -- Tragedy n.悲剧, 惨案, 悲惨, 灾难

-- Tragedian [trə'dʒi:dɪən] n.悲剧演员, 悲剧作家

Distasteful adj.讨厌的 （adv. distastefully） (adj. 令人不快的；不合口味的；表示厌恶/反感的)

词根：distaste n. vi vt 不喜欢，厌恶、反感、讨厌

Unpleasant adj.使人不愉快的, 讨厌的

Displeasing adj.使人不愉快的, 令人发火的 -- The idea is distasteful to me.

displeasure n. 不愉快；不满意；悲伤

Pester ['pestə] v.一再要求, 纠缠 （assail vt.攻击, 困扰） (vt. 纠缠，烦扰；使烦恼) [表不满的心情]

pester sb. to do sth. 以某事烦扰某人; 缠住某人讨取某物; 麻烦某人做某事

pester sb. with sth. 以某事烦扰某人; 缠住某人讨取某物; 麻烦某人做某事

-- He continually pesters his boss with demands.

pester sb. for sth. 以某事烦扰某人; 缠住某人讨取/索要某物; 麻烦某人做某事

-- Don’t pester me for the trifle.（n.小事, 琐事, 微不足道的东西）

Request 正式而礼貌的让某人做某事

Demand 理直气壮

Pester 缠着某人做某事

Plead 恳求某人做某事

Dread [dred] v.惧怕 （vt. 惧怕，畏惧，引申出担心 n. 恐惧，可怕的人（或物）；（鸟的）惊飞）

Dread + 名词, 动名词, 动词不定式

-- We were dreading his arrival. 我们正担心他来呢！

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-- He dreaded having to meet his parents.

-- I dread to think what will happen if he finds out.

Dreadful adj.令人恐惧的, 令人不快的

-- a dreadful disaster 可怕的灾难

dreaded adj.感到恐惧的

be in dread of…. 害怕某人[某事] the dread of…对什么的恐惧

-- We are in dread of insects.（insect n.昆虫）

terrify vt.使恐怖, 恐吓 horrify v.使恐怖, 使极度厌恶, 惊骇 fear v.害怕, 畏惧, 为...担心

Recovery n.康复

recover from vi 作为康复，一定是不及物动词 1、痊愈; 恢复健康 2、(从不愉快的经历中) 恢复

vt 1、重新回 Police raided five houses in Brooklyn and recovered stolen goods.

2、恢复 (身心状态或意识) She had a severe attack of asthma and it took an hour to recover her breath.

3、收回 (花掉、投资或借出的钱) Legal action is being taken to recover the money.

recoverable 可收回的；可恢复的；可补偿的

recoverer 回收器；财产收回取得者；追索财产者

Plaster ['plɑ:stə] n.熟石膏 (灰泥;熟石膏;膏药;创可贴;护创胶布;) (v.抹灰;用灰泥抹(墙等); 用…涂抹)

gypsum ['dʒɪpsəm] 是生石膏（简称石膏），自然界的矿物质（晶体）,他指代就是CaSO4·2H2O，纯的。

Plaster 是 灰泥（好像俗称石膏），人工的建筑材料（主要成分是gypsum生石膏加热去水后变成的熟石膏人工研磨成的白粉末），主要成分是熟石膏 CaSO4·1/2H2O，其他成分杂七杂八的杂质什么就多了去了我也不是很清楚。种类很多：gypsum plaster石膏灰泥, lime plaster石灰泥, cement plaster 水泥灰泥.

总之你就想：gypsum就是高中化学实验室放在瓶子里的做实验的纯石膏。plaster是建筑工地一大包一大包的盖房子用的所谓的“石膏”

lime [laɪm] 石灰，青柠，酸橙

band-aids 创可贴

console [kən'səʊl vt.安慰, 慰藉；慰问

-- Grief n.悲痛, 伤心事, 不幸, 忧伤

-- He is consoling his friend in grief for the loss of child.

consolation [,kɒnsə'leɪʃ(ə)n] 安慰；慰问；起安慰作用的人或事物

同义辨析 console， comfort

Comfort是”help a person to bear sorrow”的意思，是有积极含义的词，是给人以愉快、希望和力量的安慰。例: I comforted the grieving child with a tight embrace．我紧紧抱着那个悲伤的孩子，安慰着他。

console同 comfort，比之更郑重，但含义不如 comfort积极。

hobble ['hɒb(ə)l] v.瘸着腿走(引申出 蹒跚) 美 ['hɑbl]

hobble to 去哪 snail to snake to

-- I hurt my foot while getting off the bus, and had to hobble home.

我在下公共汽车时脚受了伤, 只好一拐一拐地走回家。

Hobble n.困难, 窘惑 -- be in (get into) a hobble 陷于窘境

limp v.／n．跛行，蹒跚而行 The injured footballer limped slowly off the field．

lame adj．瘸的，陂的∥v，使，使残废

He is lame in the left leg．他左腿脖。

He was lamed in a traffic accident. 他在一次车祸中残废了。

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compensate v.补偿 （vi. 补偿，赔偿；抵消vt. 补偿，赔偿；付报酬）

to compensate sb. For 为…向某人赔偿

-- Nothing can compensate the young mother for the loss of her favrourite daughter.

年轻的妈妈丧失了自己心爱的女儿是任何东西也弥补不了的。

Compensate v.酬报（for）

-- The company compensates her for extra work. 公司因她的额外工作而给她报酬。

compensate for 补偿 ; 弥补 ; 赔偿 ; 抵偿 Nothing can compensate for the loss of one＇s health

removal compensate 拆迁费

adj. compensable 可补偿的；应予以补偿的

n. compensation 补偿；报酬；赔偿金

make up for sth，弥补

Hard work can make up for a lack of intelligence．勤勤能补拙。

mumble v.喃喃而语 (vt. 含糊地说；抿着嘴嚼 vi. 含糊地说话 n. 含糊的话；咕噜)

小嘴乌牛乌牛（老师的儿子）

-- He mumbled sth. to me but I could not hear what he said.他对我咕哝了几句，可是我没听清他说的什么。

mumbler n.说话含糊的人

basis n.基础, 基本, 根据

basic adj.基本的 n.基本, 要素, 基础 n.[计]BASIC语言, 基本高级语言

bring up 教育, 养育

mysteriously adv.神秘的

bind .（bound, bound, binding）缚, 绑 -- be bound up with 与...有密切关系

sense n.意思, 意义 n.感觉, 知觉, 感知

characteristic n.特性, 特征

Situation n.情形, 境遇 -- Comic situation 喜剧情节

appeal n.魅力, 吸引力, 感染力

stem [stem] vi.[美]起源, 发生 n.【植】茎, 干, 花梗, 叶柄

tragic adj.悲惨的, 悲剧的

violent adj.猛烈的, 狂暴的, 剧烈的 -- a violent death 横死, 暴死

judge vi.下判断, 作出裁判

celebration n.庆祝, 庆典

eve n.前夕, 前日 n.节日的前夜（-- New Year's Eve除夕）

n.（重大事件的）前夕（-- on the eve of the great war 大战前夕）

illustrate ['ɪləstreɪt] vt.阐明

Text 课文

What is the basis of‘sick’humour?

1、翻译技巧：习性转换 2、如何表达：根据 3、引例子的句型 4、表达：….有可能发生

Whether we find a joke funny or not largely depends on where we have been brought up.

whether引导的名词性从句。1、做主语时只能用whether。且一般位于句首

Whether he will come is not clear.

大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末，用 it充当形式主语。

It is not important who will go. It is still unknown which team will win the match.

2、名词性表语从句时一般只用whether

3、名词性并与从句时，介宾从句一般只用whether

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4、if与whether都可以与or not 连用，但后面紧跟or not 时只能用whether。

We didn't know whether or not she was ready.（此时只能用whether）

I wonder whether/if the news is true or not.（此时则二者都可以用）

bring up养育;抚养;养大;谈及;提出;

along 把...一起带来 back 归还

...out 发表,拿出 up 抚养,呕吐

in 引来,引进,介绍,收入, 引进；赚钱,获利；收（庄稼等）

...forward 提出;提前 (= put forward)

about 带来,造成

9. bring …to an end ：结束

bring …to life ：使 … 苏醒

bring …to light ：发现；将 … 公之于世

bring …to mind ：想起

10. bring down ：使 … 下降,倒下；击落

The sense of humour is mysteriously bound up with national characteristics.

bind .（bound, bound, binding）缚, 绑 -- be bound up with 与...有密切关系

vi. 结合；装订；有约束力；过紧 vt. 绑；约束；装订；包扎；凝固

n. 捆绑；困境；讨厌的事情；植物的藤蔓

1、V-T If something binds people together, it makes them feel as if they are all part of the same group or have

something in common. 使结合

2、V-T If you are bound by something such as a rule, agreement, or restriction, you are forced or required to act

in a certain way. 约束

3. bound ADJ 受约束的 [v-link ADJ 'by' n]

4、V-T If you bind something or someone, you tie rope, string, tape, or other material around them so that they are

held firmly. 捆绑

5、V-T When a book is bound, the pages are joined together and the cover is put on. 装订

be bound up with ==be largely dependent on==be connected closely with 与……密切联系，有赖于…

bound 1、adj.[not before noun]一定会；很可能会 certain or likely to happen, or to do or be sth

be bound to do sth There are bound to be changes when the new system is introduced

只能用在be bound to do/be 这个不定式形式中，不能像sure certain等可用于其他句式

2、~ (by sth) | ~ (by sth) (to do sth)受（法律、义务或情况）约束（必须做某事）；有义务（做某事）

forced to do sth by law, duty or a particular situation

You are bound by the contract to pay before the end of the month.

3、ADJ-GRADED （与…）紧密相连的；（与…）密切相关的；（同…）难以分开的

be bound to be bound up with

We are as tightly bound to the people we dislike as to the people we love

characteristic

n. 特征，特性，特（可数名词）（的用of） 在作为人的性格时，与personality区分

adj. 特有的，独特的，典型的，表示特性的（用of）be characteristic of 表示是某人/某物特性的

it’s characteristic of her that she never complained.

A Frenchman, for instance, might find it hard to laugh at a Russian joke.

I found it difficult to finish the work in a day.形式宾语

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It was difficult not to be attempted.形式主语

laugh at结合look up 同时还有smile at。 本身是不及物动词，加上介词后变成及物，同时注意翻译。

在这里是 因…而发笑；还可以表示“嘲笑”，“对…一笑置之/嗤之以鼻”

In the same way, a Russian might fail to see anything amusing in a joke which would make

an Englishman laugh to tears.

fail to do未能做某事、没做某事1、忘记做某事 2、碰巧未做某事 3未能做没能做某事

fail in sth 未能做某事

fail sb/sth 评定某人不及格/未通过/挂科（驾照，大学）

fail 1、vi 失败、未能做到 fail to do sth/ fail in sth fail in his marriage 名词failure

2、vt 不及格，没考过 fail sth (反义词pass)

never fail to 双重否定意味肯定（运用双重否定结构加深句子肯定的语气，钞票那一课的提问）

-- If you receive requests like this, you'll never fail to accept.

注意双重否定的意思。

not infrequently 经常 not without 有 it is not uncommon 常见 not valueless/worthless==invaluable

这里的not可以是表示否定的任何形式，助动词not，be动词not等等

Most funny stories are based on comic situations.

most adj.最多的, 多数的, 大部分的 adv.最, 最多, 很, 十分, 最, 最大的, 其中大多数, 极其

n.大多数, 大部分

majority n.（常与of连用）多数；半数以上 the majority of… 大多数…

-- The majority of children in our class have brown eyes. 我们班大多数孩子是棕眼睛。

Mostly adv.主要地, 大部分, 通常

be based upon… 基于…

-- This news report is based entirely on fact. 这篇新闻报导是完全根据实际情况写成的。

situate vt. situation n. 1、地点、位置 2、情形，形势。

be based on和base sth on sth 注意逻辑关系

Now I’ll present the facts on which to base my opinion

The Professor could hardly find sufficient grounds__his arguments in favor of the new theory.

A. to be based on B. which to base on base on D on which to base

In spite of national differences, certain funny situations have a universal appeal.

national differences民族的不同，民族差异

time differences 时差temperature differences温差 cultural shock文化差异

appeal 作为名词时是 1、呼吁，恳求 he made one last appeal to his father to forgive him

2、吸引力，感染力（可数或者不可数）

appeal v.引起兴致 （吸引；呼吁，号召；上诉；求助，诉诸；恳求）

appeal to sb 吸引某人，引起某人兴趣

-- Eating snails never appeals to me.

Appeal v.呼吁, 上诉（appeal for sth）

appeal for sth.呼吁某事；请求给予某物

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appeal to sb. to do sth.呼吁/恳求某人做某事

appeal to sb. for sth.呼吁/恳求某人提供某物

appeal against对…提出上诉/申诉（不服什么而上诉） appeal against a judgement 不服判决而上诉

appeal to a court 向法庭上诉

appeal to force诉诸武力

have no appeal for sb引不起某人的兴趣

make an appeal for do sth.呼吁某人做某事 make an appeal 做出呼吁，上诉

appealing adj. 有吸引力的；恳求的

sue 起诉，尤用于要求经济赔偿的诉讼，没有公诉人prosecutor，被SUE不一定你就是错了（名誉损失、经济纠纷等，民事的）

charge 是犯法，依照法律上正式控告 charge sb with sth

prosecute 起诉指在有证据的情况下，对某人提出的“起诉”或“指控”，一般由公诉人起诉prosecutor，to

officially charge sb with a crime in court （crime罪行，一般是刑事的） prosecute sth

No matter where you live, you would find it difficult not to laugh at, say, Charlie Chaplin's

early films.

让步状语从句

注意双重否定的理解。 be difficult not to do

say假定，比如说，例如（常用在插人语中）

However, a new type of humour, which stems largely from the U.S., has recently come into

fashion.

stem from 源自, 起源于

stem [stem] vi.[美]起源, 发生 n.【植】茎, 干, 花梗, 叶柄

-- His feeling of hate stem from envy.（n.羡慕, 妒嫉）

-- Her interest in flowers stemmed from her childhood in the country.

stem from 源自, 起源于

= come from 出身于, 由...引起, 是...的结果, 是在...生长大的

= arise from 由...而引起, 由...而产生

= originate from 由某人发起(首创)

Originate [ə’rɪdʒɪneɪt] vi.发源, 开始, 发生

-- The quarrel originated in a misunderstanding. 争吵是由于误解而引起的。

-- The film originated from a short story. 这部电影取材于一篇短篇小说。

Originate vt.使产生, 创始, 创办, 发明, 发起, 引起

-- They originated the plan. 他们首先提出这一计划。

come into fashion 流行起来, 开始风行

come into power (开始)掌权, 上台

come into being 使产生, 使出现, 建立, 成立

being 存在（生命体或非生命体）Thanos is the most powerful being in the universe 罗南 银河护卫队1

our party came into being in 1921.

It is called‘sick humour’.

Comedians base their jokes on tragic situations like violent death or serious accidents.

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Many people find this sort of joke distasteful.

find 认为 how do you find this proposition

The following example of‘sick humour’will enable you to judge for yourself.

following 前置 followed后置

同时有些分词只能做定语不能做表语 helping hand he is helpful

只作表语的形容词：

well,unwell,ill, afraid,alone,alike,alive,ashamed,asleep,awake,aware, fond,ready,unable

只作定语的形容词：

former,latter,inner,outer,upper,lower,elder,eldest,indoor,outdoor,inside,outside ,upstairs,downstairs,mere, very,

pure,perfect,daily,everyday,monthly,present,last,existing

或表示度量的复合形容词 eg:three-year-old

A man who had broken his right leg was taken to hospital a few weeks before Christmas.

From the moment he arrived there, he kept on pestering his doctor to tell him when he

would be able to go home.

He dreaded having to spend Christmas in hospital.

Dread to do = dread doing

Though the doctor did his best, the patient's recovery was slow.

On Christmas Day, the man still had his right leg in plaster.

He spent a miserable day in bed thinking of all the fun he was missing.

Miserable adj.痛苦的, 悲惨的, 可怜

A miserable day = a terrible day

think of 考虑, 设想, 想象 -- When I saw you I thought of my sister

think of doing sth -- He is thinking of setting a school.

Spend time doing sth. 可以视为分词做伴随状语

The following day, however, the doctor consoled him by telling him that his chances of being

able to leave hospital in time for New Year celebrations were good.

By通过某种方式

-- I arrive here by train.

Chance在表达机会这个概念的时候, 经常采用复数形式。

chance to do和chance of doing几乎没有什么区别

One’s chances of doing sth are good 某人做某事的可能性很大

-- My chances of passing the examination are good.

-- His chances of being dismissed are good.

remote adj.遥远的, 偏僻的

adj.极小的, 细微的, 模糊的（= slight adj.轻微的, 微小的）

One’s chances of doing sth are remote 某人做某事的可能性很小

-- His chances of arriving here by bicycle are remote.

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The man took heart and, sure enough, on New Year's Eve he was able to hobble along to a

party.

take heart （由于某事）增强信心；受到鼓舞；打起精神 （表示从何处获取用介词from）

-- He took heart from the good news he got.

反义词lose heart 灰心, 泄气

-- If they knew how difficult it was to drill through the hard rock they will lose heart.

注意区分 lose one＇s heart to爱上，喜欢上

Sure enough为插人语作独立成分。 果然

come along 一起来, 一道走 sing along

prep. 沿着;顺着;靠着…边;沿着…的某处(或旁边)

adv. 1、向前 walk/ drive along;2、(与某人)一道，一起be along我马上就来；3、越来越(沿着某方向某种进

To compensate for his unpleasant experiences in hospital, the man drank a little more than was good for

him.

To = in order to

More than… 超出…范围

-- The cake is more than I can eat.

结构分析一复合句，关系代词than引导定语从句 than was good for him。To… in hospital作目的状语。

than作关系代词引导定语从句：

①在从句中一般作主语。

②前面的主句需有形容词或副词比较级形式。

③后面的定语从句可看作省略了先行词和相应的关系代词。

More than后面可以引导省略主语的比较从句, 从句中常见的形容词有：necessary, good,

Possible, anticipate, expect, feel, suggest, report, require, think.

-- The man drank a little more than was good for him. = The man drank a little more than what was good for him.

-- There were more accidents than (what) was reported.

-- He eats more than (what/it) is good for him.

As后面可以引导省略主语的比较从句

-- He arrived as I expected. = He arrived as (what) was expected.

-- He eats as much as (what/it) is good for him.

比较：

1>-- He eats more than is good for him. 他总是吃的正好。

-- He eats as much as is good for him. 他总是吃的过多。

委婉的表达方式：

The man drank a little more than was good for him.

She is quite fat. = She isn’t right fat.（Right adv.正确的, 合适的, 恰当的）

In the process, he enjoyed himself thoroughly and kept telling everybody how much he hated

hospitals.

in the process of… 在...的过程中

In the process = during the party（上文中的party） 27-04

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-- Yesterday I went swimming. In the process, I have a very good time.

-- I was looking for your house and got lost in the process.

thoroughly 1、非常仔细地、彻底地、缜密地

2、非常，及其，彻底，完全（程度副词）

Keep telling = keep on telling

How much = To what extent 到何种程度

-- How much can I trust him? = To what extend can I trust him?

Extent n.程度, 范围, 广度, 宽度, 长度

He was still mumbling something about hospitals at the end of the party when he slipped on

a piece of ice and broke his left leg.

When = at that moment

slip

V-I If you slip, you accidentally slide and lose your balance. 滑; 滑倒

例：He had slipped on an icy pavement.

2. V-I If something slips, it slides out of place or out of your hand. 滑走; 滑落

例：His glasses had slipped.他的眼镜滑落了。

3. V-I If you slip somewhere, you go there quickly and quietly. 溜走

例：Amy slipped downstairs and out of the house.埃米悄悄地下楼，溜出了屋子。

4. V-T If you slip something somewhere, you put it there quickly in a way that does not attract attention. 把…悄悄地放在

例：I slipped a note under Louise's door.我悄悄地把一张字条塞到了路易丝的门下。

5. V-T If you slip something to someone, you give it to them secretly. 偷偷地给

例：Robert had slipped her a note in school.罗伯特上学时偷偷地塞给了她一张字条。

6. V-I To slip into a particular state or situation means to pass gradually into it, in a way that is hardly noticed. (不知不觉地) 陷入

例：It amazed him how easily one could slip into a routine.一个人如此容易就能陷入俗套，这使他感到吃惊。

Multiple choice questions 多项选择

1>C the funny side of… …可笑方面的

fundamentally adv.基础地, 根本地 be related to… 与…有关系

2>B

3>A point n.要点 taken 过去分词做后置定语 illustrate ['ɪləstreɪt] vt.阐明

4>A The French 法国人的总称

a French应改为a Frenchman（任意一个法国人） a man in France 一个在法国的人

5>A most adj.最多的, 多数的, 大部分的

adv.最, 最多, 很, 十分, 最, 最大的, 其中大多数, 极其

n.大多数, 大部分 -- most student -- most of the student

majority n.（常与of连用）多数；半数以上 the majority of… 大多数…

-- The majority of children in our class have brown eyes. 我们班大多数孩子是棕眼睛。

Mostly adv.主要地, 大部分, 通常

6>A who had the right leg  who had had the right leg（应该用过去完成时）

7>B no sooner…than…

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8>C by drinking By通过某种手段 （是重点, 在损坏的部分）

9>D do one's best = try one's best 尽全力

10>D console = comfort vt.安慰, 藉慰

11>C how much = to what extend

at length（adv.最后, 详细地）= in detail（adv.详细地）

to one's cost 付出了代价才..., 吃亏后才...

-- Wasp’s stings are serious, as I know to my cost. -- Wasp [wɑsp] （n.黄蜂）Sting（n.刺, 刺痛, 针刺）

12>B in the same way adv.同样地 to the same effect 以相同的意思

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