心理防御机制(Psychologicaldefensemechanism)

心理防御机制（Psychological defense mechanism）

[recommendation] 101 psychological defense mechanisms

Psychological defense mechanism is the school of

psychoanalysis. A psychological mechanism that is used to avoid

interference and to maintain a psychological balance when the

individual is disturbed. It was first proposed by Freud. It is

often used unconsciously. Such as suppression, suppression,

denial, projection, transfer, decoration, dissolving,

self-settlement, compensation.

The self-defence mechanism has several characteristics:

(1) the defense mechanisms are not intentional, they are

unconscious or at least partially unconscious. While we often

do some conscious effort, the real defense mechanism is

unconscious.

(2) the defense mechanism protects itself and protects itself

from harm by supporting self-esteem or self-improvement. From

its function and nature, it can be divided into active defense

mechanism and passive defense mechanism.

(3) the defense mechanism seems to have the nature of

self-deception, namely to disguise or disguise our true motives,

or to deny the existence of impulses, actions, or memories that

may cause anxiety. Therefore, the self-defence mechanism is to

defend oneself from anxiety by distorting perception, memory,

action, motivation and thinking, or by completely blocking a

psychological process. In fact, it is also a psychological

self-protection act.

(4) the defense mechanism itself is not pathological. Instead,

they play an important role in maintaining normal mental health.

But the result of the change of normal defense function can

cause psychological pathology.

(5) the defense mechanism can be expressed singly or overlapped.

For example, one worker was criticized by the group leader in

the workshop and said, "I don't care!" Then in the work

intentionally and unintentionally fall, to make the waste to

eliminate the anger of the heart, is to rationalize and the

double effect of the anger.

The approximate sequence of development appears

1. Oral sex period: 0 -- 3 years old

Projection: you add your stuff to others.

002, injective: you form an image of someone else.

003, illusion: you see or hear what you want to hear or see -

desire, comment, imagination, or criticism - without a reality

check.

2. Anal sex period: 1.5 to 5 years old

004. Projective identification: three modes of use.

A) projecting so much of himself to others that he or she has

changed greatly;

B) stimulate other people to produce your unpleasant emotions

(" partner in pain ")

C) stimulate other people to produce your unpleasant feelings,

and make this person treat you like the one who made you unhappy.

005. Projective criticism: you unfairly blame others for your

own problems.

006. Denial: suppose you feel the reality yourself:

A) essential negation: although there is a clear existence,

there is still denial.

B) denial in action: symbolically speaking, "that dirty reality

is not true!"

C) denial of fantasy: to hold on to incorrect beliefs, so you

don't want to see reality.

D) verbal denial: use special words to convince yourself that

reality is false.

James Bond, the loss of distinction (self - object chaos) : you

become the person that someone else wants you to be.

008 divided: you think some people are totally hateful, others

are totally cute. Or, you now hate the devil you loved.

The panpsychism: you give human attributes to non-humans.

Go to life: the person you see is not a person, so you don't

have to worry.

011. Reverse formation: you have the opposite feeling.

012, offset and ritual: you do things that violate your

conscience. Or you do something that makes you feel guilty, as

a way of making up for yourself and punishing yourself in

another symbolic form.

Isolation (emotion) : you don't pay attention to your emotions.

014, externalizing: you think "society" criticizes you, but

actually you feel guilty.

Turn to yourself: you get angry with someone, attack or kill

yourself.

016. Negativity: you refuse to cooperate and treat others with

humility.

Compartmentalization: you limit yourself by establishing

relationships.

018 hostile attack: you enter into a fight to hide unpleasant

feelings.

First genital stage: 2-6 years old

Replace: you feel close to one person but turn to another person

or state.

020, symbolic: you give some psychological function to make

unreasonable sense.

Condensation: you bring disparate ideas together and make them

whole.

Fantasy formation or daydream: you continue to fantasize about

some sad or happy scene and know it's a fantasy.

023: you lie for a purpose and for a reason.

Small talk: you lie about what you don't know to reduce your

low self-esteem.

Suppression: you forget the idea that you shouldn't forget.

Negative fantasy: you turn a blind eye to the disaster that

happened to you.

Libido suppresses (mental sexual repression) : you are afraid

of sex or assertiveness, so you become dependent (mouth) or

stubborn.

028 self-suppression: three ways to use it

A) one kind of function is interfered with: your ego function

or self-strength stops working, so you can't feel the

unpleasant result of something;

B) return to early defense mechanisms: you begin to use the

early defensive mechanisms of mental development;

C) ineffective defense: your defenses can't sever your emotions,

and such failure can lessen your guilt by punishing you.

Reality check: you focus on the past and don't think about

conflict.

030 morphological depression: you avoid painful reality by

dreaming.

Suppression: you have a destination to try to forget.

032. To fantasy identity: you act like the hero you like.

033, to parents' subconscious and conscious hopes and fantasies:

what your parents forbid you to do, to take their depraved

desires into action and be punished.

034 identify with an ideal image or object: you think and act

like a person who you think is great.

035. Identify with the attacker: you mistreat a person, because

someone has abused you; It makes you feel no pain.

036 to identify with the victim:

Identify with the object of loss: you act like a loved one you

have lost. If you always collect his souvenirs and never grieve,

you are in the "assured pathologic sadness".

038, identify with internal projective: you make internal

projective part of your superego.

Temptation attacker: you lure others through pornography or

flattery to allay fears.

Iv. Incubation period: 6 -- 11 years old

Sublimation: you actively participate in an activity that can

make your dreams come true at a symbolic level.

Challenge: you tempt others to have sex or punish you, or both.

Rationalization: you find an excuse to relieve tension, usually

after denying some reality.

You "over-analyze" and "futility" to try to solve the problem.

Inverse homophobia: the more you fear, the more you do.

045. Intellectualization: you are inspired by a particular

behavior theory.

Socialization and alienation: you use your social skills to

keep you away from painful thoughts.

The instinct for self-function: you give a kind of

self-function to a symbolic meaning. For example, "washing the

dishes is a woman's thing," which is unreasonably equating a

particular job with gender.

048. Suppression of a certain self-function: you turn your

self-function into an instinct and feel the impact of your guilt,

so you turn off the function. For example, you can't read

because reading is equivalent to prohibited sex.

Idealization: you overestimate someone because --

A) narcissism: alleviating the stigma associated with not being

perfect;

B) narcissism: you combine this person with your high self image

(self object).

C) love: avoid experiencing disappointment;

D) empathy: they are like your perfect parents when you were

a child.

Belittling: you look down on someone to protect your

self-esteem.

5. Adolescence and post-adolescence - the second genital phase

(13-20 years)

051. Humor: you're funny to avoid painful emotions.

Be specific: you stop using abstract thought (which you have);

You condemn some kind of "chemical imbalance", or look for a

virus to avoid thinking about relationships that frustrate you.

Anti-identity: you try to be different from your parents.

054, small group formation: you are in the crowd to resist

impulse.

Abstinence: you avoid interacting with people.

056. Same-sex object choice: your same-sex partner reduces your

fear of gay stimulation.

Vi. Miscellaneous:

057, one kind of emotional confrontation another: you focus on

one emotion and avoid the other.

058. Excessive abstraction: you abuse theory. If you deny or

rebuild reality, you may be mentally ill.

Silence: you stop talking to avoid being caught.

Talkativeness: you talk too much without taking care of the

occasion and the topic.

Avoid: you are far from certain environments that create

conflict.

062 passive: when confronted with an attack, you automatically

choose a compliant or weak attitude.

You are god's gift to the earth and have magical powers.

064 passive to the initiative: "you can't fire with me; I'm

gone!" You control your own lies.

Somatization: you focus on your body to avoid the conflict of

desire, sex and hatred.

Normalizing: you are normal to be sure that you are not looking

for your obvious mental symptoms.

Dramatization: you put your emotions into your words to

mitigate the conflict of interest.

Impulsiveness: you relieve tension or unpleasant emotions with

sex, eating or hatred.

Substance abuse: you use a substance to quell unpleasant

feelings.

070. Attachment: seize a person who rejects you.

Complaining: whining, you can't see your baby's wish to be taken

care of.

Pseudo independence: you become a lone ranger, not allowing

anyone to help you.

Pathological altruism: actually projecting and identifying the

victim -- you deny the desire to have an appetite, project it

to the poor, and then replace it with the feeling of being

nourished.

Gas lamp: you cause other people's mental disorders, or believe

that others are mentally disturbed.

075. Minimize: you recognize the reality of pain, but you

despise it.

Exaggerate: you pay too much for something.

077, universalization: don't hate someone, think of it as a

member of the devil.

Rebuild reality: after you deny reality, reinvent the scene.

Transference: you transfer the memory of your past situations

and relationships to a person in reality. Then you forget the

past with the old defense, or control it through symbolic life

or the consequences of changing it.

You completely forget yourself; B) you ask someone to comment

on you and then you reject his or her opinion.

081. Photo horror: you dodge the light to avoid your voyeuristic

impulses.

Apathy: you have no interest in starting emotions.

083. Bullying and bullying: you put others on alert to alleviate

their anxiety.

Lack of compensation: you reject people who are more integrated

than you are.

085. Psychic spasm: jitter to reduce tension or irritation.

086 introspection: you are preoccupied with inner

introspection to reduce tension, or to avoid external reality.

087. Qualifying agreement: you partially agree to avoid

resistance.

Your emotional endurance and impulse control (muscle or sexual)

are weaker, and you give it a gentle connotation.

Disguise: you're lying. Maybe you're used to it

090, overrealism: you use secondary processes to avoid

emotions.

Ambiguity: you hide details.

You are addicted to beauty and truth to avoid reality and

emotion.

093. Glib: you talk fast, but the content is empty.

Physical violence: you "discard the object" to end your hatred.

095. Identity with the object of injury: you hurt a bird you

know (sometimes loved) and then imitate it.

Formal regression: you stop using logical, time-oriented

thinking.

097. Hypervigilance: you will always keep one eye open,

although at times it is completely unnecessary.

098, the reality is the future: you imagine "if..." "Or"

"

099 fatigue: you feel tired, but you are not sick.

Confession: you are sincere and blunt, but these mask your true

thoughts and feelings.

Turn your self-criticism into a critic: you criticize others,

instead of blaming yourself.