过去时的四种时态

5、一般过去时：主语 + 动词过去式

动词过去式的变化规律：

1. 直接加ed：work—— worked look——looked ，

2. 以不发音e结尾的单词，直接加d：live ——lived hope——hoped use——used,

3. 以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i加ed：study—— studied carry——carried worry——worried,

4. 以元音字母+y结尾的，直接加ed：enjoy ——enjoyed play——played

5. 以重读闭音节结尾的，双写最后的辅音字母+ed：stop—— stopped plan——planned

重读闭音节：单个元音字母后面有辅字母（r 除外）且以辅音字母结尾的重读音节。就是一个元音字母后跟一个或几个辅音字母的单词。可以这么理解

a)辅音+元音+辅音 例如：bad，bed，sit，hot，cup;

b)元音+辅音 例如 it、of;

c) 元音+多个辅音 例如： egg ，fish 。

不规则变化的动词过去式：

have---had are---were get---got say---said feel---felt do/does---did is---was go---went

drink--drank eat--ate bring----brought think----thought buy----bought catch---- caught teach ----

taught sit----sat wear----wore cut----cut sweep----swept sleep——slept become----became

（1）表示过去的动作或状态，常和具体的过去时间状语或从句连用，如yesterday, just now，last year，in 2012, a few days ago, once upon a time（很久以前）, in the old days, the other day（前几天）, when I was 18 years old等。

eg: You′ve already missed too many classes this term. You missed two classes just last week.

eg: Did you have a party the other day？

eg: I had a conversation with Jack yesterday.

（2）表示过去一段时间内经常或反复的动作。常与always，never等连用。

eg: I never drank wine. 我以前从不喝酒。

（不涉及到现在，不说明现在是否喝酒）

eg: Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella. 彼得太太过去老是带着一把伞。

（只是说明她过去的动作，不表明她现在是否常带着伞。）

eg: Mrs. Peter always carries an umbrella.彼得太太老是带着伞。

（说明这是她的习惯，表明她现在仍然还习惯总带着一把伞）

eg: Mrs. Peter is always carrying an umbrella. 彼得太太总是带着一把伞。（表示说话者对这一动作或行为厌烦）

（3）强调已经终止的习惯时要用 used to do（过去常常做，而现在不那样做了）

eg: I used to take a walk in the morning.我过去是在早晨散步。（意味着现在不在早晨散步了）

（4）在谈到已死去的人的情况时，多用过去时。

eg: Lei Feng was a good soldier.

eg: Jane was a good teacher. （Jane已经死了。）

eg: Jane is a good teacher. （Jane还没有死。）

6、过去进行时：主语 + was（were）+ 动词现在分词

（1）过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内进行或发生的动作。常需用表示过去的时间状语或通过上下文来判断时间。常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如last night,

last Saturday等；或者与when, while, as引导的过去时间状语连用。

eg: He was reading newspaper when the telephone rang. 在电话响的时候，他正在读报纸。

eg: He was doing his homework from 7 to 9 last night. 昨天晚上7点到9点他正在做作业。

（2）when和while的用法区别：

when 既可以表示一定特定时间点，也可以表示一段时间，其所引导的从句使用一般过去时，而while只能表示持续的一段时间，其所引导的从句使用过去进行时。因此when引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是终止性动词，也可以是延续性动词，而while从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。

eg: I fell and hurt myself while I was playing tennis.

eg: When he finished his homework, he went to play basketball with his brother. .

eg: One of the guards was sleeping when the general came in, which made him very angry.

7、过去完成时：主语 + had + 动词过去分词

（1）表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成了的动作（即过去的过去）。这个过去的某一时间可用 by，before等介词或连词引导的短语或一个从句来表示。

eg: When I went to visit Mrs. Smith last week，I was told she had left two days before.

eg: About the sixth century A.D. when few Europeans could read，the Chinese had invented paper.（2）表示由过去的某一时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。

eg: The chemistry class had begun for live minutes when we hurried there.

eg: I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 当车来的时候，我在车站已经等了20分钟。

eg: He said he had worked in that factory since 1949. 他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。

8、过去完成进行时：主语 + had been + 动词现在分词

（1）表示过去某一时间之前一直进行的动作。

过去完成进行时表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始，一直延续到另一个过去时间。和过去完成时一样，过去完成进行时也必须以一过去时间为前提。

eg: I had been looking for it for days before I found it. 这东西我了好多天才着的。

eg: They had only been waiting for the bus a few moments when it came他们只等了一会儿车就来了。

（2）表示反复的一个动作

eg: He had been asking me the same question．他一直问我同样的一个问题。

eg: He had been mentioning your name to me. 他过去多次向我提到过你的名字。

9、一般将来时：下详

和一般将来时连用的时间状语：

1）tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, tomorrow morning/afternoon/evening

2）next year/week/month/hour/day/century

3）in+一段时间

4) in the future

5) this afternoon/Sunday/evening

6) from now on

7) one day, someday

（未来的）某天

8) soon

（1）will（shall）+ 动词原形：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。

eg: He will come and help you. 他回来帮助你的。

eg: Tomorrow will be Sunday. 明天就是星期天。

eg: The rain will stop soon. 雨很快就要停了。

eg: Shall we go there at five? 我们五点钟去那儿，好吗？

eg: Will you please open the door? 请你把门打开，好吗？

（2）be going to + 动词原形：用来表示事先考虑过的将要发生的动作以及已有迹象表明必将要发生的某事，意为“打算；就要”。

eg: Are you going to attend the lecture？ 你打算去听这个讲座吗？

eg: We're going to meet outside the school gate. 我们打算在校门口见面。

eg: Look! It's going to rain. 瞧！快下雨了。

（3）be to + 动词原形：表示必须或安排、计划好了的动作。

eg: The Five-Ring Road is to be open to traffic before National Day. 五环路将在国庆节前通车。

eg: He is to visit Japan next year.明年他将访问日本。

（4）be about to + 动词原形：表示即将发生的动作。

eg: The lecture is about to begin. 讲座即将开始。

eg: They're about to leave. (=They're leaving.) 他们就要走了。

（5）be + 动词现在分词：某些表示开始、终结、往来行动的动词，如：go，come，start，arrive，leave等，用现在进行时可表示将来。

eg: We are leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我们明天动身去北京

eg: The foreign guests are arriving in Shanghai tonight.

10、将来进行时：主语 + shall（will）be + 动词现在分词

（1）表示将来某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作，或者按计划在将来将要进行的动作。

eg: When he comes to my house tomorrow, I will be writing the report.

eg: I think that she will be working on this experiment until next morning.

eg: After you take the medicine, you will be feeling much better.

eg: My duties will be ending in July , and I'll be returning to ShangHai.

（2）与现在进行时态的区别

现在进行时表示一种经过考虑的,将来要进行的动作，而将来进行时通常表示正常过程中会发生的动作，因此将来进行时不如现在进行时那样肯定，比现在进行时偶然性要大一些：

eg: I am seeing Tom tomorrow. 明天我要和汤姆见面。

eg: I'll be seeing Tom tomorrow. 明天我会见到汤姆。

（3）与一般将来时态的区别

一般将来进时通常表示的是对将来事实的简单陈述.而will+v. (一般将来时)除表示时间概念外，还带有感情彩。将来进行时则表示在将来特定的某个时间发生的事情：

eg: Tom will be cutting grass tomorrow. 汤姆明天将正在割草。

eg: Tom will cut the grass tomorrow. 汤姆明天愿意割草。

11、将来完成时：主语 + shall（will）have + 动词过去分词

表示在将来某一时刻以前已经完成的动作。

eg: By next year he will have worked in New York for live years.

到明年为止，他在纽约已经工作了5年了。

eg: By next Friday，he will have studied here for three years.

到下周五，他在这里学习就要满3年了。

eg: By the end of next year they will have worked together for twenty years.

到明年年底为止，他们已经一起工作了20年。

eg: I shall have finished writing the article by the time you get back.

到你回来的时候，我会完成这篇论文。

12、过去将来时：主语 + should（would）+ 动词原形

was/were + going to + 动词原形

was/were to + 动词原形

was/were about to + 动词原形

was/were on the point of + 动名词 on the point of = 正要…

（1）表示在过去某个时间点看起来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。

eg: He said he would come to see me.他说他要来看我。

eg: He told me he would go to Beijing. 他告诉我他将去北京。

eg: I was told that he was going to return home. 他告诉我他准备要回家。

（2）come, go, leave, arrive, start等严格按照时间表发生的表起止的动词可用过去进行时代替过去将来时。

eg: He said the train was leaving at six the next morning. 他说火车第二天早晨出发。

eg: She told me she was coming to see me. 她告诉我她要来看我。

（3）条件状语从句和时间状语从句中须用一般过去时代替过去将来时。

eg: I didn't know when she would come, but when she came I would let you know.我不知道她什么时候来，但她来了我会告诉你。

第一个when引导宾语从句，可使用过去将来时，第二个when引导时间状语从句，只能用一般过去时代替过去将来时。

eg: I didn't know if she would come, but if she came I would let you know.我不知道她是否来，但如果她来我会告诉你。

第一个if引导宾语从句，可使用过去将来时，第二个if引导条件状语从句，只能用一般过去时代替过去将来时。

英语中绝大多数动词可以用于进行时态,但也有若干动词不能用于进行时态。这类动词主要有下列几类:

一、表示感官、感觉的动词

人通常有五种感官，即see(视觉)，hear(听觉)，smell(嗅觉)，taste（味觉）和feel（触觉）。这些表示感官、感觉的动词不用于进行时态。例如：

This cake smells wonderful.这蛋糕闻起来很香。（不说This cake ） 这些动词之所以不用于进行时态，是因为这些感官的感觉是无意识的。

二、表示爱憎的动词

这类动词常见的有：love(爱)，adore（崇敬），like(喜欢)，prefer(宁愿)，mind(介意)，object(反对)，dislike(不喜欢)，hate(恨)，abhor(憎恶)，detest(痛恨)等。如：

I don't like this book.我不喜欢这本书。 We much prefer Beijing opera to opera.京剧和歌剧相比，我们更喜欢京剧。

三、表示希望、意愿的动词

这类动词有want(想要)， wish（希望），desire(愿望)等。

如： She wants to go home now. 现在她想回家。

四、表示知道、相信、猜想的动词

这类动词有know(知道)，believe(相信)，think(认为)，suppose（猜想），doubt(怀疑)，wonder(想要知道)等，其后接宾语从句时都不用进行时态。

例如： Tony believes that he will pass the exam. 托尼相信他能通过考试。 Mary doubts whether

it will happen.玛丽怀疑这件事是否会发生。

五、其他一些动词 除上述五类动词之外，还有一些动词不用于进行时态。例如：

① be(表示一种状态) He is a naive boy. 他是一个天真的孩子。

② suit, fit(适合) The glasses don't suit you.你不适合戴这副眼镜。 He has lost some weight, and

his older suits fit him again. 他瘦了，旧衣服又合身了。

③ appear, seem(好像；似乎) It seems that it is going to rain. 看上去要下雨了。

④ belong to属于 That house belongs to him. 那幢房子是他的。

⑤ matter有关系；要紧（主要用于否定句和疑问句） Please don't worry about it. It doesn't

matter at all. 请不要为那事担忧，没关系的。

⑥ consist of 由......组成 This sweet consists mainly of eggs and cream. 这道甜食主要含有蛋和奶油。

⑦ know相识（指熟人；朋友） -Do you know him? -Yes, I know him very well. --你认识他吗？

--是的，我与他很熟。

练习

1. Mary ____ in the garden when it began to rain.

walking g waked

2. English ____in a new way at my college in the past few years.

been teaching being taught been taught been taught

3. Smith is to study medicine as soon as he ____ military service.

finish B has finished C finish D would finish

4. Please be sure to telephone me the next time you ____ .

come come come

5. When I got to the top of the mountain , the sun ____.

shone shining

6. Return the book immediately to the library as soon as you ____ with it.

finished finished finishing

7. -How are you feeling？

-I have been feeling better since ____ .

orctor has come doctor will come doctor had come doctor came

8. The chemistry class ____ for five minutes when we hurried there.

been on on been on be on

9. By the time Juan gets home，her aunt ____ .

have have left leaving

10. You′ve already missed too many classes this ___ two classes just last week.

miss missed missed

11. One of the guards ____ _ when the general came in，which made him very angry.

slept sleeping sleeping

12. went to New York，bought some books and ____ .

ng his daughter visit his daughter his daughter d his daughter

13.I ____writing the article by the time you get back.

finish have finished finished have finished

14. There is a knock on the door. It is the second time someone ____ me this evening.

upted interrupted interrupt upt

15. -Is there anything wrong？

-No，so far I ____ no trouble.

had had

16. No one can be sure if the car on display fits him or her until he or she _____ them.

try trying tried

参考答案： ACBDD； CDACA； DDDBAA

（注：可编辑下载，若有不当之处，请指正，谢谢!）