新视野大学英语4-unit1-unit5-sectionA课后练习答案

新视野大学英语4 Unit1--Unit5 Section A课后练习

Unit 1

crumble 崩溃，瓦解，消失

discern 看出，觉察出，辨明

Surpass 超过，胜过

shrewd 精明的，机敏的，准确的

conversion 转变，改造，转换

distort 歪曲，曲解

1. As the gender barriers (crumbled), the number of women working as lawyers,

doctors, or bankers began to increase significantly from the mid-20th century.

2. With the data collected each year, the owner of the shop can (discern)

customer trends and how things like weather and economic indicators affect sales

performance.

3. His supervisor pushes and motivates him in such a positive manner that he is

not only able to reach but to (surpass) his personal goals.

4. He is a man with a(n) (shrewd) business sense. He has built his initial

investment into a substantial and even excessively large fortune.

5. The (conversion) of nuclear radiation directly into electricity was an exciting

possibility that was being vigorously explored in many laboratories in the 1950s.

6. I was not only shocked but also disgusted that the report tried to (distort) the

scientific facts in such a manner that even some highly-educated people were

fooled.

7. Sixty-two and blessed with his mother's skin, the fisherman had withstood a

lifetime of exposure to the sun and looked as (radiant) as a man in his forties.

8. French educator Louis Braille invented a simple but (ingenious) code which has

had an impact on the lives of generations of people who are blind.

9. The senators didn't expect us to ask such tough questions, and when we finally

did, they got (stumped) and didn't know what to say.

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radiant 容光焕发的，喜悦的

ingenious 有独创性的，别出心裁的

stump 使困惑，难倒

proposition 提议，建议，主张

10. This newly established university supports the (proposition) that a more

diverse higher education system is desirable since it would enhance opportunities

for lifelong learning.

短语

be dripping with 满是…，充满

in exchange for 作为交换

flare up 突然发怒，骤然

make an analogy between在…间做类比

set a date for 为…定日期

make…out of 使…变成

made a pact 约好，达成协议

appeale to 诉诸，唤起

1. The brick walls of the ruined buildings (were dripping with) green mold and

moisture, and she shivered involuntarily, looking down to avoid the sight.

2. As urban populations exported finished goods (in exchange for) raw materials

from neighboring populations, organized trade grew substantially.

3. Knowing just how quickly a wildfire can spread, some residents of the village

decided to leave their homes after the flames (flared up) nearby.

4. Biology teachers often (make an analogy between) the heart and a pump in

order to help students understand how the heart works.

5. They would like to (set a date for) their wedding and announce their

engagement to their families and friends as soon as possible.

6. He was determined not to sour a perfectly good day with the memory of one

jealous classmate trying to (make) a fool (out of) him in front of the entire class.

7. The couple (made a pact) never to work at the same time, so that one of

them was always on full-time parenting duty, and their child wouldn't have to be

looked after by strangers.

8. The president said that it's the worst earthquake ever to hit the country, and

that he (had appealed to) the world for help, asking in particular for heavy-lift

helicopters able to carry relief supplies into the isolated mountain areas.

英译汉

Aristotle was an ancient Greek philosopher and scientist.

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亚里士多德是古希腊的哲学家和科学家。

His writings cover many subjects, including physics, biology, zoology, logic, ethics,

poetry, theater, music, linguistics, politics and government, and constitute the first

comprehensive system of Western philosophy.

他的作品涵盖了许多学科，包括物理学、生物学、动物学、逻辑学、伦理学、诗歌、戏剧、音乐、语言学、政治和政府，构成了第一个综合的西方哲学体系。

Aristotle was the first to classify areas of human knowledge into distinct disciplines

such as mathematics, biology, and ethics.

亚里士多德是第一个将人类的知识领域划分为不同学科的人，如数学，生物学和伦理学。

He believed all people's concepts and all their knowledge were ultimately based on

perception.

他相信人所有的观念和所有的知识在根本上都是基于感知能力。

His views on natural sciences laid the groundwork for many of his works.

他对自然科学的看法构成了他许多作品的基础。

He contributed to almost every field of human knowledge in his era.他几乎对他所处时期的每一个人类知识领域都作出了贡献。

His works contain the earliest known formal study of logic, and even today all

aspects of Aristotle's philosophy continue to be the important subject of academic

study.

他的作品包含了人们所知的最早的关于逻辑的正式研究，即使在今天，亚里士多德哲学所涵盖的方方面面仍是学术研究的重要课题。

His philosophy had a long-lasting influence on the development of all Western

philosophical theories.

他的哲学对所有的西方哲学理论的发展有着经久不衰的影响。More than 2,300

years after his death, Aristotle remains one of the most influential philosophers

and scientists.

在去世2,300多年后，亚里士多德仍是最有影响力的哲学家和科学家之一。

Unit 2

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deficient 不足的，有缺陷的

prosecution 起诉，指控

outrage 义愤，愤慨，震怒，暴行

appease 平息，安抚，抚慰

conformity n.遵照，遵从，符合

strand 组成部分，方面

complement 与…互补

transient 短暂的，临时的

appliances 家用电器，家用器具

outfit n.全套服装v.为…提供全套服装，装备

1. We need to improve the quality of education so that our children will not leave

school (deficient) in literary and reasoning skills.

2. In a society governed by the rule of law, every citizen is subject to possible

(prosecution) if he violates the law.

3. The pay gap between average workers and top corporate officers has led to

pubic (outrage) as executives receive large packages despite falling share prices.

4. The delicious meal (appeased) our hunger and made us feel warm again after

having walked in the snow all day.

5. The military insists on (conformity) in many areas, for example, dress and

haircut, with the primary objective of promoting group unity.

6. My daughter used to play with the dog by taking a(n) (strand) of its hair and

then spending a long time rubbing, combing and twisting it.

7. When she left for the party, she took great care to make her necklace and

shoes (complement) her dress.

8. It was necessary to provide living places for (transient) immigrants passing

through the area on their way to more permanent dwellings.

9. They had just moved in, so they needed to buy a number of kitchen

(appliances) , including a microwave oven, a toaster, and a coffee maker.

10. She wanted a beautiful and elegant (outfit) to attend the wedding of a

friend, but couldn't find anything satisfactory in the nearby shops.

短语

in hopes of 怀有…的希望

come up with 想出，提出

excuse herself 礼貌地告辞

be obsessed with 对…着迷

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reach out to 请求…的帮助

voice an opinion on

live up to 不辜负，做到，实践

in terms of就…而言

1. Every month, the Community Services Center offers several lectures on health

and fitness (in hopes of) introducing people to healthier lifestyles.

2. Do you know who (came up with) the idea of having cheesecake for dessert

yesterday? It was delicious and made everyone happy.

3. The pain medication left Claudia feeling rather dull and sleepy, and soon after

dinner she apologized for being such poor company and (excused herself) to bed.

4. When I was young, I (was obsessed with) maps, and I sometimes spent the

whole day charting land routes from one point to another.

5. To make immigrants comfortable (reaching out to) police for help, more than

70 cities now bar police from asking them to prove their legal status.

6. Mary was often accused of "having a strong personality" because she was not

afraid to (voice an opinion on) subjects about which she was knowledgeable.

7. At the end of his term in office, the governor was criticized for failure to (live

up to) his campaign promise.

8. Results of a survey revealed that of the top 10 automobile makers (in terms

of) customer satisfaction, six were Japanese and two were German.

英译汉

William Shakespeare is widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English

language and the world's pre-eminent (杰出的) dramatist.

人们普遍认为，威廉?莎士比亚是最伟大的英语作家和世界杰出的戏剧家。 His

plays have been translated into a vast number of languages and are performed

more often than those of any other playwright.

他的剧本被译成多种语言，并且比其他任何剧作家的作品都上演得多。

Shakespeare's early works were mostly comedies and histories，which have the

reputation of being among the finest masterpieces produced in these genres (体裁)

even today.

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莎士比亚的早期作品大多是喜剧和历史剧。即使在今天，这些作品仍是同类作品中的杰作，享有绝佳声望。

Later on, Shakespeare wrote mainly tragedies, some of which, like Hamlet and King

Lear, earned him fame in the entire Western literature.

后来莎士比亚的创作主要是悲剧，其中一些作品，如《哈姆雷特》和《李尔王》，为其在整个西方文学界赢得了声誉。

The most striking features of Shakespeare are his brilliant use of language and his

universal themes.

莎士比亚最显著的特点是其精彩的语言运用及具有普遍意义的主题。

He contributed thousands of words to English, many of which have become

embedded in the language.

他创造了数千个英语词汇，其中许多已经深植于英语中。

His themes are so universal that they transcend generations to stir the

imaginations of readers and audiences worldwide.

他的作品主题具有普遍意义，所以能够数代流传，激发世界各地读者和观众的想象力。

Shakespeare has influenced and inspired many writers over the centuries. 数世纪以来，莎士比亚影响和激励了许多作家。

His writings remain highly popular today, and they are constantly studied,

performed, and reinterpreted in diverse cultures throughout the world.

其作品至今依旧广受欢迎，在世界各地的文化中被不断地研究、上演和诠释。

Shakespeare will continue to have an enormous impact on future playwrights,

novelists, poets, actors, and scholars.

莎士比亚将继续对未来的剧作家、小说家、诗人、演员和学者产生巨大影响。

Unit 3

exquisite 传播，散发，分散，驱散

disperse 精美的，精致的

decentralize （政府、组织等的部门）6 / 12

分散

deduce 推理，推断

fixture 固定物，固定成员

frugality 节约，节俭

administrate 管理，掌管

disjointed 不连贯的，不协调的

revive 复兴，重新流行，复活

elapse过去，流逝

1. The curtains changed the atmosphere of the house completely and made it

into a place of (exquisite) beauty.

2. As the sun (dispersed) the clouds, we enjoyed our afternoon of playing cards

in the forest under the clear sky and observing the most spectacular view I have

ever seen in my life.

3. The big company (decentralized) their operations last year and opened

several regional offices in the country to meet the needs of the market.

4. It is not easy to (deduce) a trend of growth from the available facts since they

are quite scarce and not that convincing.

5. Formerly found only in large industrial applications, microwave ovens now

have become a standard (fixture) of most modern kitchens.

6. He calls on the public to save in everyday life and believes that (frugality) is

the key to battling a culture that rewards mindless consumption.

7. He is suitable for the position as he is young enough to understand what the

teenagers think but old enough to (administrate) their programs.

8. When asked about her whereabouts at 9 o'clock that night, she gave a rather

(disjointed) response, which caught the detective's attention.

9. (Reviving) the stalled economy and sticking to promises to bring the deficit

down next year is proving to be the principal test for the new president.

10. A considerable period of time has to (elapse) before the effects of such

security measures as closed-circuit television cameras and cell-phone monitoring

become evident in reducing crimes.

短语

held…in high regard 敬重，尊敬

In the interim 在其间

be onto something 发现新事物

in turn 轮流，依次

from time to time 有时，间或

pick on …的茬，不公平地责备

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take a stab at 试图做某事 boil down to归结为….

1. Because of his quiet personality, many people said they would not elect him

president of the institute though they (1) (held) him (2) (in high regard) .

2. Peter graduated from college in June and started his work in the auto company

in August. (In the interim) , he took a trip around the country.

3. When his advertisement using the new digital technique drew as many as

5,000 responses overnight, he knew he (was onto something) .

4. When students are more involved in their academic and extracurricular

activities, they will experience a richer campus life, which (in turn) benefits their

development.

5. The scientists of the research center keep the good habit of summing up their

experience (from time to time) .

6. Whenever the older kids in school tried to (pick on) her brother, she would

not be afraid to stand up for him.

7. If he doesn't try to get a ticket now, he's probably not going to get one. So, he

might want to (take a stab at) it one more time.

8. There are a lot of reasons for replacing your hard drive or adding a new one to

your old computer, but they all (boil down to) the need for more space.

With the development of computer science and the Internet technology, social

networking services (SNS) have come to be a widely popular platform to build

social networks or social relations among people in recent years.

近年来，随着计算机科学和互联网技术的发展，社交网络服务（SNS）已经成为人们构建社交网络和社会关系的一个广受欢迎的平台。

SNS are web-based services that allow individuals to create a public profile, create

a list of users with whom to share connection, and view and cross the connections

within the system.

SNS是基于网页的服务，允许个人创建面向公众的个人简介，创建用户名单以分享社会联系，并对系统内的关系网进行浏览和交叉连接。

Social networking sites are varied and they incorporate new information and

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communication tools, allowing users to share ideas, pictures, posts, activities,

events, interests with people in their network.

社交网站多种多样，可整合各种新的信息及通讯工具，并允许用户跟网络中的其他人分享观点、图片、帖子、活动、事件以及兴趣爱好等。

SNS have affected the social life and activity of people in various

已通过各种方式影响到人们的社会生活以及社交活动。

With its availability on many mobile devices, a social networking service allows the

users to continuously stay in touch with friends, relatives and other acquaintances

wherever they are in the world, as long as there is access to the Internet.

随着各种移动设备对SNS访问的实现，只要能连接上互联网，用户在世界上的任何地方都能一直与朋友、亲戚及其他认识的人保持联络。

A social networking service can also unite people with common interests and

beliefs through groups and other pages, and has been known to reunite lost family

members and friends because of the widespread reach of its network.

SNS还可让拥有相同兴趣和信念的人通过组或其他页面建立联系，同时，由于其网络分布广阔，还能让失散的家庭成员或朋友重新团聚，这点早已为人所知。

Unit 5

fabricate 编造，捏造

nominal 名义上的，有名无实的

temporal 收时间限制的，世俗的

reciprocal 相互的，交互的

denote 意指，代表，表示

consecutive 连续的，不间断的

spectator 观众（可数）

mutter 低嘀咕，低声说

composite n.合成物adj合成的

malicious 恶意的，恶毒的

1. Although he was not a legal expert, he knew it would not be proper to

(fabricate) anything to mislead the public.

2. He does not work full time there, but he has been the (nominal) head of the

organization's scholarship program for five years.

3. As Mark walked the sites on that initial trip of the migrants, he found some

important (temporal) clues — dated bus tickets, shopping receipts and

calendars.

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4. In urban planning, it is important to take into consideration the (reciprocal)

influence between the transportation network and other facilities, for example

shopping centers and medical centers.

5. The label "Smart Choices" on the front of food packages usually (denotes)

products that meet criteria for lower fat, sugar and sodium (钠) content.

6. The public high school graduation rates in New Mexico and Arizona have been

increasing for three (consecutive) years, thanks to an online program that helps

students earn missing credits.

7. In the accident at the air show last week, a pilot and 10 (spectators) were

killed when a fighter plane crashed into the crowd.

8. The mother was not sure where the boys went, but she did hear them

(muttering) something about going out for a movie with friends.

9. This newly released portrait of Planet Earth is actually a (composite) of

several pictures taken earlier this month by a new research satellite.

10. You shouldn't feel insulted. We can assure you he meant to be friendly and

there was nothing impolite or (malicious) in his words.

短语

get to the point 切入主题

be attached to 与…有联系，是…的特征

starve to death 饿死

If anything 如果有什么不同

1. We chatted for half an hour before he finally (got to the point) : He wanted

to work as a business consultant and wondered if I could pass along the names of

certain potential clients.

2. Scientists at the research center identified various features that (are attached

to) the commodities purchased by female consumers.

3. The three mountain climbers (would have starved to death) if the villagers

had not found them lying at the bottom of the valley.

4. The boy looked up timidly at his father who was sitting next to him, but he

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be suspicious of 感觉不可信任，怀疑

wander around 离题，漫游，闲逛

on the side 作为副业，作为兼职

be representative of 有代表性的

didn't stop crying. (If anything) , his crying became more intense.

5. Since no one knew how the disease spread, they (were suspicious of)

everything, including mosquitoes, swimming pools, and people from other

neighborhoods.

6. At the press conference, the government spokesman avoided answering the

question about health-care reform directly. Instead he just (wandered around) to

talk about the harsh economic situation.

7. Mr. Rogers, whom you met in the museum yesterday, works as a software

engineer and plays folk music (on the side) .

8. These schools were selected for our survey because the composition of their

student bodies (was representative of) the district's enrollment, which included a

large proportion of children from immigrant families.

The Renaissance was an influential cultural movement which brought about a

period of scientific revolution and artistic transformation at the dawn of modern

European history.

文艺复兴是一场影响巨大的文化运动。它在现代欧洲史的开端时期开创了一个科学革命和艺术变革时代。

It began in Italy and later spread to the rest of Europe, immediately following the

Middle Ages and spanning roughly from the 14th to the 17th century.

它始于意大利，之后蔓延到欧洲其他国家。它紧接在中世纪之后，贯穿14至17世纪。

The Renaissance was characterized by a revival of interest in classical learning,

wisdom and values from the Ancient Greek and Roman eras.

文艺复兴时期的特点是，人们对古希腊和古罗马时期的古典知识、智慧和价值观重新焕发了兴趣。

Renaissance scholars employed the humanist method in study and searched for

realism and human emotion in art.

文艺复兴时期的学者在学术中采用人文方法，在艺术上追寻现实主义和人类情感。

Scientists no longer accepted the teachings of the Church at face value.

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科学家们不再一味地接受教堂传播的说教。

Instead, they studied the natural world through their own observation and

experimentation.

相反，他们通过观察和实验来研究自然世界。

Likewise, artists developed new techniques and achieved more advanced effects

by applying mathematics and optics (光学) to paintings, sculpture and other art

forms.

同样，艺术家们将数学和光学运用到绘画、雕塑及其他艺术形式中，从而发展出新技术，并取得了更高水平的艺术效果。

The Renaissance profoundly changed the European intellectual life in the early

modern period.

文艺复兴深刻地改变了现代早期的欧洲知识界。

Through the rediscovery of ancient texts, it triggered both a rebirth of classical

learning and a rebirth of European culture in general.

它通过对古代文献的重新发现，触发了古典知识和整个欧洲文化的重生。Its

influence was felt in literature, philosophy, art, politics, science, and many other

fields.

文学、哲学、艺术、政治、科学及其他许多领域都能感受到它的影响。

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