偏振光的观察与研究实验报告英文版

Physics Experimental Teaching Center

Preview Report

1. Experimental Purpose：

1. Observe the polarization of light and deepen the basic concept of

polarization.

2. Understand the generation and inspection methods of polarized light.

3. Observe Brewster angle and measure glass refractive index.

4. Observe elliptically polarized light and circularly polarized light.

2. Experimental Equipment：

source (can emit various types of lasers).

zer.

wafer（ λ/ 2 and λ/ 4 wavelength).

screen.

3. Main Experimental Contents：

1. Research λ/ 4. Effect of wave plate on polarized light:

The instruments used in this experiment are: light source, polarizer λ/ 4-wave

wafer, light screen, etc.

(1) Orthogonalize the polarization axes of polarizers A and B according to the

optical path diagram (extinction). Then insert a piece λ/ 4 Wave plate C (in

actual experiments, the light should pass through the center of the element as

far as possible).

(2) Turn C with the light as the axis to extinguish the light, and then turn B

360 ° to observe the phenomenon.

(3) Then turn C 15 °, 30 °, 45 °, 60 °, 75 °, 90 ° from the

extinction position, and turn B 360 ° each time to observe the experimental

phenomenon.

2. Research λ/ 2. Effect of wave plate on polarized light:

The instruments used in this experiment are: light source, polarizer λ/

2 Wave plate, light screen, etc.

1) Make the polarization axes of polarizers A and B orthogonal

(extinction), and insert another one between B and A λ/ 2 Wave plate

C.

(2) Taking the light as the axis λ/ 2 Wave plate C rotates at any angle

to destroy the extinction phenomenon, and then rotates B 360 ° to

observe the extinction phenomenon.

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4. Experimental Raw Data Recording（Design your own tables）：

1. Research λ/ 4. Effect of wave plate on polarized light:

angle 0 15 30 45 60 75 90

Phenomenon of

rotation B

B A A C A A B

Phenomenon

through C

G E E F E E G

A. Light intensity changes but does not extinguish.

B. Light intensity changes, but extinction occurs.

C. The light intensity has not changed.

D. There is light at one position, and light is extinguished at other

positions.

E. Elliptically polarized light.

F. Circularly polarized light.

G. Linearly polarized light.

H. Partially polarized light.

2. Research λ/ 2. Effect of wave plate on polarized light:

angle 15 30 45 60 75 90

Position of rotation B 120 150 0 30 60 90

Turning angle 30 60 90 120 150 0

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60

120

150

Experimental Report

1. Exerimental Procedures:

1. Research λ/ 4. Effect of wave plate on polarized light:

The instruments used in this experiment are: light source, polarizer λ/ 4-wave

wafer, light screen, etc.

(1) Orthogonalize the polarization axes of polarizers A and B according to the

optical path diagram (extinction). Then insert a piece λ/ 4 Wave plate C (in

actual experiments, the light should pass through the center of the element as

far as possible).

(2) Turn C with the light as the axis to extinguish the light, and then turn B

360 ° to observe the phenomenon.

(3) Then turn C 15 °, 30 °, 45 °, 60 °, 75 °, 90 ° from the

extinction position, and turn B 360 ° each time to observe the experimental

phenomenon.

2. Research λ/ 2. Effect of wave plate on polarized light:

The instruments used in this experiment are: light source, polarizer λ/

2 Wave plate, light screen, etc.

1) Make the polarization axes of polarizers A and B orthogonal

(extinction), and insert another one between B and A λ/ 2 Wave plate

C.

(2) Taking the light as the axis λ/ 2 Wave plate C rotates at any angle

to destroy the extinction phenomenon, and then rotates B 360 ° to

observe the extinction phenomenon.

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2. Experimental Harvest：

The interference and diffraction experiments of light prove the wave

properties of experiment will further explain that light is a

transverse wave rather than a longitudinal vibration direction

of E and H is perpendicular to the propagation direction of light. The

polarization of light proves that light is a transverse wave. Through the

study of the polarization property of light, people have a deeper

understanding of the propagation law of light and the interaction law of

light and matter.

3. What questions do you want to raise：

1. How to use the polarization phenomenon of light to explain the

transverse wave characteristics of light? How to distinguish natural light

from polarized light?

2. When the glass plate is at Brewster angle, what polarized light is the

reflected beam? Is its vibration parallel to or perpendicular to the

incident plane?

3. When the angle between wave plate and P is at what value, circularly

polarized light will be generated? Why?

4. The two polarizers are placed on the optical tool base with a bracket,

and the two polarizers are orthogonal to each other before extinction. If

one polarizer does not move, and the other polarizer rotates 180 °,

what will happen? If there is light, what is the reason?

5. What happens when a polarizer is inserted between two orthogonal

polarizers? How to explain?

6. What is the relationship between the thickness of the wave plate and

the wavelength of the light source?

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4. Analysis and Discussion (Error analysis, the applications of this

experiment):

Application:

At present, polarized light has been widely used in industry, agriculture,

medicine, national defense and other departments. Various precision

instruments using polarized light devices have provided valuable

methods for scientific research, engineering design, production

technology inspection, etc.

Error analysis:

The two polarizers are not perpendicular to the laser; The light emitted

by the laser is not adjusted to parallel light; Insufficient preheating time

and unstable laser; Reading error may lead to the final error.

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