英语音标发音规律-汉语标注

英语音标发音规律-汉语标注

最主要的就是区分元音音素的/e/ /æ/ /∧/ /a:/ 。

第一个/e/嘴唇微张，急促地发声就可以了。

/æ/则嘴唇变扁，嘴巴咧开。

发/∧/ 则嘴唇稍稍张大，急促地发声【似“啊”】。

/a:/ 则嘴巴长到最大，声音放长就OK了。

/a:/ /כ/ /כ:/ /u/ /u:/ 。这五个从嘴唇的最大极限，嘴唇一直变小，到最后/u:/ 嘴巴就变到最小。

/m/ /n/ /ŋ/ 。从/m/开始，嘴巴闭上，舌尖顶住上颚，发出声音，气流从鼻子出来。

/n/，嘴巴微张，舌尖顶住上颚，发出声音，气流从鼻子出来。

/ŋ/ 则嘴巴张大，舌头向下卷，发出声音，气流从鼻子出来而不是从嘴出来。

清辅音：/p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ /s/ /θ/ /∫/ /з/ /h/ /t∫/ /tr/ /ts/

浊辅音：/b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ /z/ /δ/ /з/ /r/ /dз/ /dr/ /dz/ /m/ /n/ /ŋ/ /l/ /w/ /j/

浊音：/b//d/ /g/ /v/ /z/ /δ/ /з/ /r/ /dз/ /dr/ /dz/ /m/ /n/ /ŋ/ /l/ /w/ /j/ /i:/ /I/ /e/ /æ/ /3:/ /ə/

/∧/ /a:/ /כ/ /כ:/ /u:/ /u/ /eI/ /aI/ /כI/ /əu/ /au/ /Iə/ /εə/ /uə/

长元音：/i:/ /3:/ /a:/ /כ:/ /u:/ /eI/ /aI/ /כI/ /əu/ /au/ /Iə/ /εə/ /uə/

短元音：/I/ /e/ /æ/ /ə/ /∧/ /כ/ /u/

英语音标发音规律记忆口诀英语音标表、字母表----- 字母、字母组合发音规律记忆口诀

一、 用“胸腔辅助送力--口腔后部发声法”背诵念读26个英文字母，

二、 大写 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

三、 [ ei / bi: /si: /di: / i: /ef /dVi: / eitF / ai / dVei / kei / el /em /en /Eu /pi://kju: /B: /es /ti: /ju:

/ vi: /dQblju: /eks /wai /zi:]

 先观察以上字母的读音，然后，把含有共同元音因素的字母进行分类：

(1) [ei] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ]

(2) [i:] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ]

(3) [ai] ___[ ] ___[ ]

(4) [Eu] ___[ ]

(5) [u:] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ]

(6) [e] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ]

(7) [B:] ___[ ]

二、 英语中元音和辅音(母音和子音)的分类表

英 语 音 标（采用口腔后部发声法发音）

元

音*单声带前元音：[i:/ I:] [i] [e] [A]

中元音：[Q] [E] [E: / :]

后元音：[B:] [C:] [C] [u:] [u]

发音特征

发音清晰[ai] [ei] [Ci] [iE] [ZE/ eE] [uE] [au] [Eu]

响亮

发[p][t][k] [f][s][W][F] [h] [tF][tr][ts]

音含[b][d][g] [v][z][T][V] [r] [dV][dr][dz]

[m][n][N] [l]/[l] [w][j ]

糊晦涩

[Wr]

气流受阻

元振音

动

气流通畅

母双振音

元动

音

辅

哑不辅振音音 动

*浊子振辅音 动

音

辅[pr][pl][br][bl][kr][kl][gr][gl][fr][fl][sn][sl][sk][sp][sw][dw][hw][kw][tw]

音[pju:][bju:][tju:][dju:][kju:][gju:][fju:][vju:][lju:][mju:][nju:][hju:][zju

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连缀

三、单词的音标怎么读。/与我们汉语拼音很相似)

拼读规则： 以元音为中心划分音节，按音节来拼读。

拼读口诀： 元音为中心，划分音节、按音节拼读；多音节加重音、多音节一重多轻发音，轻音节怎么轻怎么发音。重开音节读长音，轻/闭音节读短音。

例子：he[hi:], name [neim], table[`teibl], bicycle[`baisikl], teacher[`ti:tFE], red, cap, and, thank,

basket, yellow, umbrella,

*****{详细内容见后面第五节(本材料第8页)：五、音节划分。。。}

小测试：音标拼读练习。

[ai]+[E] →[aiE] [au]+ [E] → [auE] [h] +[iE]→ [hiE] [p]+[ZE] →[pZE] [t]+[Ci] →[tCi]

[ei]+[tF] → [eitF] [tF]+ [ei] →[tFei] [g] +[Eu]→[gEu] [k]+[au] →[kau] [sn]+[Eu]→[snEu]

[kl]+[B:]→[klB:]

[kl]+[B:]+[s]→[klB:s] [t]+[u:]+[W]→[tu:W] [br]+[au]+[n]→[braun] [r]+[Q]+[b]+[E]→[`rQbE]

[b] +[ B:]+[s]+[k]+[i]+[t]→[`bB:skit] [t]+[i:]+[tF]+[E]→[`ti:tFE]

[Q] +[m]+[br]+[e]+[l]+[E]→[Qm`brelE] [bai]+[si]+[kl]→[`baisikl] [brQ]+[TE]→[`brQTE]

四、英文字母和常见字母组合的发音规则（或一般规律）：

1. 见字读音、音义结合。记住词形、服务拼写。第二步就是要

例1：知道字母组合ee一般发音是[i:] (规律), 那么，meet这个单词就脱口而出了。

词(词形)： meet 义：遇见；初次见面/认识；满足迎合；迎接/出迎。[ __-__-__ ] → [ ] 读音/音标

例 2：词(词形)：which 义：哪个，哪些[ __-__-__ ] → [ ] 读音/音标

例 3：词(词形)：whose 义：谁的？[ __-__-__ ] → [ ] 读音/音标

例 4：词(词形)：pl ea se 义：请，求你了[ __-__-__ ] → [ ] 读音/音标

2. 英语26个字母和常见字母组合的一般发音规律：（要求熟记于心，脱口而出）

总口诀： 元音字母音多变，熟记规则也不难。辅音字母显易单，见面就把音来念。

字母组合固定音，千锤百炼习语感。遇见生词规律，划分音节顺口连，

元音字母在中间，辅音字母两边站，字母组合算一个，熟能生巧难亦简。

辅音字母发音小口诀 ：辅音字母显易单，见面就把音来念。

b发[b], c发[k], ci(y) ce多发[s]; 例blue, table, Crisp, class, picture, actor, pencil, bicycle, nice,

d发[d], f [f], g发[g] [dV], [V]少见; Sandy, dog, red, fly, coffee, green, egg, orange, garage

h [h], j发[dV], k / l [k] [l]可分连; her, here, his, jeep, Japan, book, look, blue, Klan class

m [m], n [n][N], p [p] q [k] r 发[r]; meet, am, no, green, thank, English, pen, cap, quickly, Crisp,

s 最多[s]和[z], 趋唇[F] [V]也常见; sir, this, sit, is, his, whose, please, sure[F], usually[V], pleasure

x 发音剪头端，[ks]多于[gz]面； six, pencil-box, excuse, exercise; exam, (后接重读元音)

t 发[t], v 发[v], w 辅音[w]来念； eacher, it, very, voice, river, with, swim, wash, which, white

最后一个字母z，发好[z]音才算完。 zoo, zero, size, puzzle,

常见辅音字母组合的发音口诀： 字母组合固定音，千锤百炼习语感。

wh发音 [h] 和 [w], wh ---[ ] which, white, what, where, when, why [ ] whose, who, whole {*whew [hw-]}

th 常发 [W] 和 [T]；th --- [ ] this, that, the, they, with [ ] thank, three, tooth, forth, eleventh

[pr]+[au] →[prau] [pl]+ [ei] →[plei] [gr]+[i:]→[gri:] [gl]+[u:]→[glu:]

ch/tch多发[tF],有时发音[F]或[k](t)ch--[ ] chicken, chair, child, sandwich, catch, watch chase(追赶，追击，追求),

[ ]ache, headache, chemist[ ] machine[mE`FEn],chaise [Feiz] (带篷二轮马车)

gh ---[ ] right, light, daughter [ ] laugh, cough

gedge 多发[dV],ck发[k],kn [n];(d)ge ---[ ] orange, page, bridge, fridge, porridge(麦片粥，稀饭)

ck ---[ ] black, kick, lock, back

kn ---[ ] knife, know, knock, knee(膝盖), kneel(跪下), knit (编织), knob(球形把手, 旋钮),knack (诀窍), knight(骑士,武士;,

ng 易发 [N] [Ng], qu发音 [kw] 和[k]。ng ---[ ] sing, song, long, wing [ ] English, hungry

qu ---[ ] quick, quite(相当，十分), quiet (安静的，平静的), quarter, require,

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sh[F],ph[f],gh 不发或发[f](词尾) sh --[ ]shoe, ship, sheep, fish, wash, ash ph ---[ ] photo, telephone, phrase

[ ] cheque(支票), unique(唯一，独有独特的), technique(技巧),

wr 发卷趋 [r],wr ---[ ] wrong, write, wrap(包，裹), wrist(手腕), wrest(拧，扭), wrestle(摔跤), wring(绞，扭)

双写分节不分音：miss, apple, egg, sorry, yellow, umbrella {双写元音字母：see, zoo, book}

ts/tes ---[ ] its tail(它的尾巴), two baskets /boats(两个篮子/小船), my coats /shirts (我的上衣/衬衫), three

hats(三顶帽子), five cats(五只猫), many streets(许多街道), two packets(两个包裹/两包..), some

presents/ sweets(一些礼物/糖果), two biscuits (两块饼干), a box of chocolates (一包巧克力糖), ten

minutes (十分钟), two gates (两扇大门), in my pockets (在我的口袋里), two lights /kites (两个灯 /风筝), two nests (两个鸟巢/窝), two tea-pots (两个茶壶), some carrots (一些胡萝卜), What’s this? It’s

a pen. sits,

ds/des---[ ] two birds, two hands, English words, their beds, their heads, two blackboards, goods(商品/货物),

辅音连缀pr ---[ ] practice, praise, pray, press, price, proud,

pl---[ ] please,play,plane,plan,place,plain,plenty(丰富,大量),pliers(钳子(如老虎钳,手钳,等),镊子),

plod(沉重地走, 辛勤工作), plop (扑通落下), plum(李子), plug(插头,插上),

br---[ ] brag(吹牛), brake (闸，刹车), brain, break, bread, breed (使)繁殖, 教养, 抚养), brown, bride(新娘),bribe(贿赂, 向„行贿), brush

bl---[ ] black, bleed, blind, blouse, blood, blue,

cr-/kr--[ ]crab(螃蟹),cradle(摇篮),cream,crop,cricket([昆]蟋蟀,[运动]板球)criticize(批评, 责备),

cry,cruel(残忍的), kraut(泡菜), Kremlin (克里姆林宫),

cl-/kl--[ ]class,claim((根据权利)要求得到,认领,声称,主张,需要)clean,clear,clock,close,click(发出滴答

声,单击n.滴答声),club(俱乐部), klaxon (高音喇叭/气笛, 电喇叭), Klan (=Ku Klux Klan)三K党)

gr---[ ] grade, grass, grape, graceful(优雅的，温文尔雅)，green, great, grief(悲痛, 伤心事, 不幸, 忧伤), grin(露齿笑, 裂口笑), groan(呻吟(着说), gruffly (说话或态度粗暴地, 粗声地, 生硬地)

gl---[]glass,glad,gleam 发微光,使闪烁),glide(滑行,滑翔),globe(地球仪),glove(手套),glue(胶水/胶合)

fr---[ ]France, French, free, fresh 新鲜的,无经验的,frequent频繁的,friend 朋友,fried,fry, frog青蛙,

from(自，从)，front (前面,前线,阵线), fruit(水果,果实,果类,成果), frustrated (感到灰心/失败的)

fl---[ ]flat,flag,flame火焰,热情,flap拍打,鼓翼而飞,飘动,flares喇叭裤)flash闪光,闪现一瞬间),

flea跳蚤,flee逃跑,逃走,fleer狞笑,讥笑,fles,果肉,flinch 畏缩,退缩,畏首畏尾, floor地板楼层,float漂浮,浮舟,彩车,flood洪水,水灾,淹没,涌进,涌出flour面粉,flow流动,(河水)泛滥,洋溢,flower(花), flu (流感), fly (飞翔，飞行)，flub (做得不好, 弄糟), fluent (流利的, 流畅的),

sl---[ ]slave奴隶,slander诽谤,slaughter屠宰,残杀,屠杀,sleep睡眠 睡觉, sleet (下/雨加雪, 下冰雹),

sleeve (袖子), slice (薄片, 切片), slim (苗条的, 纤细的), slip (滑倒, 失足), slogan (口号, 标语 ), slow(ly)(慢的/地), sly/ slily [slaili](狡猾的/地),

sm---[ ] small (小的, 少的), smart (聪明的, 漂亮的, 灵巧地, 时髦地), smarty (=wise guy自作聪明的人),

smell(气味, 臭味, //嗅, 闻到, 散发(...的)气味, 有(...的)气味), smile ((～ at) 微笑), smog (烟雾), smoke (n.烟, 烟尘, 烟幕//v.抽烟, 吸烟vi.冒烟), smuggle (n.走私, 偷带v.走私),

sn---[ ]snow, snake, snack(吃)快餐/小吃)),snail蜗牛,snap猛咬,sneer冷笑,轻蔑的笑,sneeze (打/ 喷嚏),

snob /snobling (势利的年轻人, 势利小人),

sk---[ ] skate, skating, skirt, ski (=skee滑雪), skim (掠过, 滑过, 浏览), skin (皮肤, 兽皮, 皮毛),

skint (身无分文的, 穷光蛋的), skip (跳, 蹦,跳读), sky-blue (天蓝的, 淡蓝, 蔚蓝)

sp---[ ] space (空间, 间隔, 距离, 空地, 余地), spade (铲, 铁锹), Spain (西班牙), spare (多余的, 剩下的/分让给),spell, speak (说话, 谈话, 发言, 演讲, 说明事实, 表示意见,操(某种语言)), spear

([spiE]矛, ), specific ([spi`sifik]特效药, 详细而精确的, 明确的), spice (香料, 调味品,情趣), spider (蜘蛛), sport(运动,运动会), spume [spju:m](n.泡沫v.(使)起泡沫), spumous (adj.起泡沫的, 泡沫状的), spur[spE:](n.踢马剌, 剌激物v.鞭策), sputter [`spQtE](.说话急快/唾沫飞溅/飞溅出/喷溅声), sputum [spju:tEm](唾液, 痰), spy (特工, 间谍, 侦探,//秘密侦察),

st---[ ] stand, stamp (邮票, 跺(脚), 顿(足)),stage舞台,戏剧,举行star星,恒星,明星,名角), start (动身,开始,着手惊动,惊起,起动,发动), staff (棒, 杖, 杆, 支柱, 全体职员), stadium (露天运动场/体育场),step, steep(陡峭的),stick (棍, 棒, 手杖/粘住, 粘贴), stop, student, stupid (愚蠢的, 麻木的), stupidity (蠢事,糊涂事), stutter (口吃, 结结巴巴的说),style风格, 时尚, 文体),

sw---[ ] swab ([swCb]n.拖把, 药签,vt. 拭抹, 擦洗), swag(摇晃, 水潭,垂花饰), swear(宣誓, 发誓),

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sweat(n/v.(使)出汗),sweater(厚运动衫, 毛线衫), sweep(扫, 打扫, 清扫, 席卷, 冲光),

sweepup(n.大扫除), sweet(甜的, 可受的, 美好的, 芳香的/n. 糖果),swim (swam,swum), swing

(swang, swung,秋千, 摇摆, 摆动), swicky([美]威士忌酒), swig(n/v.痛饮, 大喝特喝(尤指从瓶口喝的)), swiftly(迅速地, 敏捷地), swindle (sb of„骗走某人的), swob(拖把, 海棉), swobble(大口地吃), swoon(vi.昏晕, 昏厥惊讶, 酣睡n.狂喜, 陶醉), swoop(n.突然下降, 猛扑vt攫取vi.飞扑, 突然袭击), sword(剑), swot(at../ for../up; vi.用功读书vt.用功学习n.苦读的人, 辛苦的工作),

元音字母a e i(y) o u 的发音口诀： 元音字母音多变，熟记规则也不难。

重开音节多长音，[ei][i:][ai][Eu][ju:/u:]来拼；重闭音节/轻音短，[A][e][i][C][Q][u][E]

a接r /ss常发[B:/A], 还有[ei][A] [C/C:][i] [E]。e的发音首数[e]，空尾/重[i:]轻[i][E]。

重开音节i发[ai]，重闭/轻音短[i][E]。o发长音[Eu][C:][u:]，短音[Q][C][E] one殊。

u字多发 [ju:]和[Q]，忙碌busy(i)加[u:][u]。y头发[j]重读[ai]，轻音/结尾[i]变来。

ay ,ey, o/uy，多发[ei][i],[Ci][ai]。r前元音常卷舌，S后弱音须强化。

相近发音不规则，省力顺口是关键。相近/强化加弱化，使得元音多变化。

例词：a--- [/ ei / B:/ A/ C:/ C/ E/ i / ] 强化音[ei]，弱化音[E]a接r /ss常发[B:/A], 还有[ei][A] [C/C:][i] [E]。

name [ei], table [ei], car [B:], park [B:], class [B:], basket [B:/A], as [A], ass [A], father [B:],

afterward(s) [B:/E](然后, 后来), dollar [E],cap [A], catch [A], grammar [A/E], America [E], asleep, alone,

afraid, banana [E /B:/E], woman [E], water [C:], watch [C], what [C], war [C:], orange [i],

e--- [/ i:/ e/ i / E/ -*(词尾空音) / ] 强化音[i:]，弱化音[E/ i ] e的发音首数[e]，空尾/重[i:]轻[i][E]。

he [i:], she [i:], we [i:], me [i:], evening [i:], red [e], pencil [e], empty [e], desk [e], umbrella

[e],French [e],basket [i] women [i], pretty [i], the [E / i:], children [E], open [E], hundred [E / i:],

/ -*(词尾空音) /---- whose [z], house [s], nice [s], face [s], white [t], name [m], give [v], side [d],

wake [k], prize [z], fine [n], tube [b], orange [dV], employee [i:] (职工, 雇员, 店员), apple [pl],

table [bl], little [tl], middle [dl], bicycle [kl], eagle [gl](鹰),

i--- [ /ai / i:/ i / E / ]强化音[ai/i:]弱化音[E/ i] 重开音节发[i: /ai]，重闭/轻音短[i][E]。right [ai], bicycle

[ai], white [ai], police [i:], this [i], which [i], his [i],building [i], beautiful [E], holiday [E],

o--- [ /Eu/ Q/ C/ C:/u:/ u / E / wQ-]强化音[Eu/ C:/u:]弱化音[E]o发长音[Eu][C:][u:]，短音[Q][C][E] one殊。

no [Eu], cold [Eu], those [Eu], come [Q], some [Q], mother [Q], brother [Q], son [Q], month [Q], dog

[C], not [C], hot [C], sorry [C], shop [C], locker [C], box [C], orange [C:], whose [u:], who [u:],

do [u:], to [u:], two [u:], woman [u], policeman [E], today [E], occasion [E](场合, 时机, 机会),

aeroplane [E], // one [wQn], once [wQns], reservoir [`rezEvwB:],

u--- [ /ju:/ Q / u / u: /i / ] 强化音[ju:/u:]，弱化音[i]u字多发 [ju:]和[Q]，忙碌busy(i)加[u:][u]。

use [ju:], usually [ju:], tube [ju:], music [ju:], pupil [ju:], rubber [Q], umbrella [Q], mum [Q],

hungry[Q], bus [Q], just [Q],cup [Q],put [u], full [u], pull [u], ruler [u:],Sue [u:],blue

[u:],minute [i], busy [i]

y--- [ /ai / j / i /] 强化音[ai]，弱化音[i] y头发[j]重读[ai]，轻音/结尾[i]变来。

your [j], you [j], yes [j], yellow [j], young [j], my [ai], why [ai], tyre [ai], style [ai], fry

[ai], cry [ai], bicycle [i], baby [i], ready [i], hungry [i], very [i], thirsty [i], empty [i], busy

[i], body [i], slowly [i],

常见元音字母组合发音口诀： 字母组合固定音，常受影响发音变；千锤百炼习语感。

组合爱发长/双元(音(重读音节))； 常受影响发音变；为了顺口图方便，近似发音相变换。

另有强化加弱化，多个字母省略念。外来/古语不规则(发音)，熟读百遍字腔圆。

a--- ay [ei] day, say, play, way, weekday, birthday,// [i] Sunday, Monday, „

ar [B:] car, star, farm, are, park, garlic, // [E] dollar, collar, grammar, particular [pE`tikju:lE],

al [C:] all, ball, small, hall, walk, chalk,// [B:] half,

[C:l / Al / El ]非组合式的情况： although[C:l], alga [`AlgE](藻类, 海藻), algal [`AlgEl](adj.海藻的), algebra

[Al`dVibrE] (代数学), signal [lsigEl](信号/发信号, 用信号通知),

au [C:] daughter, fault, audience, cause, August[`C:gEst] (八月), august [C:`gQst](令人敬畏的, 威严的),

[C] because, [au] kraut(泡菜),

[B:] laugh,

air [ZE] air, chair, hair, pair, fair,

4

ai [ei] aid, aim, rain, afraid, wait, maid, straight, faith (信念, 宗教信仰, 忠实,),

aw [C:] draw, law, saw, awful, raw,

e--- ea [i:] teacher, tea, eat, meat, read, clean, heal, [e] bread, breakfast, head, [ei] great, break, steak,

ee [i:] meet, teeth, see, three, green, week, freezing, queen,

ei [ei] eight, weigh, weight,

[i:] receive, ceiling, deceit (n.欺骗, 谎言), deceive(v. 欺骗, 谎言), receipt (收条, 收据, 收到),

perceive (v.察觉感知, 感到), conceit (原义;自负, 幻想),

er [E:] her, herd(兽, 牧/放牧), emergency (紧急情况, 紧急突发事件, 非常时刻,),

[E] teacher, sister, brother, farmer, worker, letter, over,

ear [iE] ear, hear, near, year, fear, earwig (偷听者),

[ZE] pear, wear, swear(宣誓, 发誓),

[E:] early, earth, earn,

ere [iE] here, sphere (球体), hemisphere (半球),

[ZE] there, ere (prep/conj. 前于...; 在...以前),

eir [ZE] their,

eer [iE] beer, deer, cheer(欢呼/喝彩), sneer(冷笑,讥笑), jeer(讥讽嘲弄), engineer, ,

ey [ei] they, grey, hey,

ew [ju:] new, few, hew(砍), view(景, 风景, 观点, 见解), ewe (母羊),

i--- ir [E:] girl, sir, thirsty, shirt, skirt, first, thirty, whirl((使)旋转), stir (轰动, 激起,搅动),

ie [i:] piece, niece(侄女,甥女),field,thief,believe, belief,achieve(完成,达到),chief(首领,领袖,酋长,

长官//主要的, 首要的, 首席的,主任的),grief(悲痛, 伤心事, 不幸, 忧伤), relief((痛苦等的)减轻),

ire [aiE] tire(轮胎；使劳累), tired(累的，疲劳的), wire(金属丝, 电线),

igh [ai] right, light, fight, might(也许, 或许; 可能), night, knight,

o--- or [C:] or, for, fork, morning, short, torch, more,

[E:] work, worker,

[E] actor, doctor, forget,

oa [Eu] boat, coat, goat, goal,

oo [u:]school, food, too, room, tooth, spoon, moon, boot, root, wool, mood(心情, 情绪, 语气, 状态),

[u] book, look, cook, good, football, foot

[Q] blood, flood,

ou [au] house, blouse, trousers, mouse, mouth, south, ouch, out, our, hour, flour, sour, mountain,

[Q] young, touch, rough(粗糙的, 粗略的, 大致的, 粗野的),

[u:] you, through, rouge [ru:V](擦口红/胭脂),

[u]would, could, should,

[C:] cough,

ow [au] brown, down, how, now, towel, tower,

[Eu] yellow, bowl, show, blow, snow, throw

oy/oi [Ci] boy, toy, enjoy, employ, // noise, noisy, toilet, oil, boil,

our [au] our, flour(面粉)

[C:] your, four, course,

ore [C:] before, more, forehead, foresee,

oor [C:/ JE]/ door, floor, moor(荒野;停泊, 系住),

u--- ur [E:] turn, Thursday, hurt, fur, urge, further, urban (城市的, 市内的), suburb, suburbia (郊区居民),

ure picture, future[tFE], // sure[FuE], //pleasure, measure[VE],

ua [JE] usual, usually, February, graduate [`grAdJEt](大学)毕业生, 研究生),

非组合发音： graduate [`grAdjJeit] (v. (使)(大学)毕业), [jJE]January,

uy [ai] buy, guy,

五、音节、音节的结构和类型、音节划分、音节重音和拼读：

1. 音节就是英文单词字母(或发音)的排列单位，一个单位算一节。连读起来轻重缓急，流利有节奏，便于听说阅读。

2. 音节的结构‘类型；口诀：完全结构头中尾(音头/音中/音尾)，元音字母占中央(包含组合)，缺头少尾有开闭(音节)，e 5

尾/成音/r音节。

开音节/闭音节：以元音或不发音的e结尾的叫开音节，以辅音结尾的是闭音节。

开音节(词) ：[以开音节结尾] a, area, tea, by, day, no, boy, buy, grey, ba*by, ru*ler, rub*ber, fa*ther, the,

she, we, he, bee, ta*ble, ap*ple, name, bi*cy*cle, banana, orange, some,

闭音节(词) bas*ket,bag, cap, class, miss, cross, rain, ti*red, bed, red, yes, egg, sit, it, begin(开始), hot,

not, boat, boil(沸腾，煮沸，激动), cup, sun, cut, put, but, mutton(羊肉), meet, woman,

r音节：元音字母(a e i o u) + r构成的独立的音节，也可以前后加辅音字母共同构成音节。

例如：far(远的), arm, er (嗯~), her, tea*cher, ru*ler, sir, girl, stir(轰动, 激起), or, for(为了

对于，因为，适合), short, fur(毛皮), turn, // ar•ti•cle(文章), or•der (命令, 定购, 定制；次

序, 顺序,秩序), ur•gent (急迫的, 紧急的), ur•ban (城市的, 市内的),

成音节： 辅音字母(有时跟不发音/弱化音的元音字母) + l, m, n, (常常带有不发音的e)可算作一个音节。

例la•bel((贴)标签),pu•pil,pen•cil[sl],ta•ble,bi•cy•cle,lit•tle[tl],ap•ple [pl],peo•ple,

3. 划分音节口诀： 音节中心看母音，辅音要向两边站。中心之间辅音连，一靠后,二分手；多个中间偏左右，字母组合算一个(音)。多音节尾 -l -m –n(e)，前有辅音成音节。

例子：学会一眼识破音节数目，运用语音规则，做到见字读音。

闭音节： pen [pen], cap [kAp], bas*ket [`bB:skit], green [gri:n], book [buk], and [And], eat [i:t],

开音节： he [hi:], she [Fi:], tea [ti:],my [mai], tea•cher [`ti:tFE], rea•dy [`redi], Ju•ly

[`dVu(:)lai], ru•ler [`ru:lE], her [hE:],

成音节： ta•ble [`teibl], ap•ple [pl], bot•tle [tl], mid•dle [dl], bi•cy•cle [`baisikl], pen•cil [sl],

se•ven [`sevn], e•le•ven [i `lev(E)n],

不发音的e 尾：come [kQm], please [pli:z], whose [hu:z], nice [nais], name [neim], give [giv],（开音节的外形，多读长音。）

4 单词重音（重音符号ˊ）：双音节和多音节词中常常重读一个音节，其它读轻音。遇到生词，有音标当然省事，但在无音标的情况下，至于哪个音节要重读，由于英语词源、构词、例外情况等诸多因素限制，不可能将每个生词读的完全无误。只能掌握的一般规律：

重音口诀： 为了顺口有节奏，张口由大变到小(省气力)，大口/长音多重读，还要保持身平衡(整个单词发音)，特别写法长又多(特别是写法很长的多音节词)，倒数第三多琢磨。(一般是)前轻---中重----后又轻。哪儿平顺哪(儿)读重

一般具体做法是；① 单音节都重读；这类单词很多。例如：meet, and, class, which, house, bread

② 双音节词 ▲ (发长音或大口音重读, 这类单词很多，例如：`teacher [`ti:tFE], `ruler [`ru:lE], ` basket

[`bB:skit], `apple [`Apl], `table [`teibl],tired [`taiEd], `lazy [`leizi], `open [`EupEn], //

`sorry [`sCri], Ju`ly, pre`fer, po`lice, to`day,

▲ (两音平(音长和张口大小接近的)开头重读; 这类单词很多，例如：`rubber, `Sandy, `sandwich, `pencil,

clever [`klevE], letter [ `letE],

`friendship, `boyish, `building,

④ 多音节词倒数第三个元音字母(音节)重读。带前后缀多词根重读。

`brother, woman, `sister, `ready, `hungry, `very, `busy, `picture, `listen, `Betty, `empty, `pretty,

▲ (带前后缀多词根重读。例如：a`gain, a`loud, a`sleep, be`gin, be`fore, be`side, be`hind, /`quickly,

例如：`Italy,(I`talian), A`merican, `beautiful, natio`nality, `exercise, `chocolate, `newspaper,

// suddenly, inter`national, championship,`countable, interesting, mechano`therapy (力学疗法),

③ 合成词保持开头单词的重音：例如：policeman, `pencil-box, `football, `ice-cream, `classroom, `schoolboy,

`postman, `milkman, `tea-pot, `Jack-in-the-box, `hide-and-`seek, `snakes-and-`ladders,

 小测试：给下列单词划分音节, 并拼读出来。(单音节词下划线，多音节词用竖线分割。)

evening, empty, children, school, funny, actress, policewoman, open, clever, heavy, banana,

2). exercise, beautiful, thick, light, small, French, German, English, Italian, American, letter, mother, street,

colour, locker, dirty, towel, our, lady, twins. sandwich, duster, hurry, headmaster, playground,

3). upstairs, perhaps, asleep, today, holiday, animal, lollipop, instead, biscuit, chocolate, minute, fine, shell,

gate, near, under, newspaper, silly, beside, behind, between, together, attention, laugh, matter,

4). face, ear, aeroplane, goal, trousers, knife, chimney, water, make, turn, piece, easy, course, watch, basin,

hopscotch, game, throw, stone, window, telescope, across, into, happen, present, birthday, 注意：这语音方面的技能需要在下面不断练习，我们可以把教材里的单词多多练习一有时间就拿起教材进行训练。天长日久，会取得你满意的效果。

6

1). yes, here, sorry, yellow, football, brother, woman, sister, hungry, very, thirsty, busy, tired, picture, quickly,

dw---[ ] dwarf ([dwC:f]n.矮子, 侏儒v.(使)变矮小), dwell(at../in...居住 停留于;on../upon..细想, 详述),

tw---[ ] twelve, twelfth, twenty, twentieth, twain ([twein]n.两, 双, 二, 一对), twin(s), twig ([twig]n.嫩枝, 小

枝, 末梢), twice([twais]adv.两次, 两倍), twiddle (with„v.玩弄, 旋弄,捻), twill ([twil]n.斜纹织物vt.把...织成斜纹adj.斜纹织物的), twine ([twain]n.合股线, 细绳, 麻线, 搓v.搓, 织, 编饰, (使)缠绕),

twinge([twindV]n.一阵一阵痛, 如刺一样痛, 剧痛vt.使一阵一阵痛, 刺痛), twinkle ([5twiNkl]v.闪烁, 闪耀,

(使)闪光n.闪烁, 发光, 牛眼), twist([twist]n.一扭, 扭曲,手法, 螺旋状vt.拧, 扭曲, 绞, 搓, 捻, 使苦恼,

使转动, vi.扭弯, 扭曲, 缠绕, 扭动, 呈螺旋形),two,

thr---[ ] three, thread(线，细丝, 线索, 思路, 螺纹), threaten(恐吓, 威胁), threnode (哀歌), thrive(兴旺, 繁荣,

茁壮成长, 旺盛), throw(扔，抛，投，摔，掷，丢), through (通过，穿过，透过/〔时间〕从„的开始到末了，从头到尾；〔场所〕到处，全面), throat (咽喉, 喉咙, 嗓音, 窄路), throne (王座, 君主), throstle (=wood

thrush画眉鸟), thruput(吞吐量), thrust(力推, 冲, 插入, 挤进, 刺,戳),thrypsis([5Wripsis]粉碎性骨折),

*****************************************************************

 提前练一练，看看有何难。小测试：

1). 见字读音: 写出下列单词的音标。

class [ ] this [ ] your [ ] you [ ] here [ ] Sandy [ ] Crisp [ ]

2). 音义结合：写出下列读音所对应的汉语意义。

[klB:s] _______; [hiE] ______; [blu:] ______; [sku:lbAg] ___________; [kQm] ______;

3). 听音写字：根据音标写单词。

[klB:s] _______; [hiE] ______; [blu:] ______; [sku:lbAg] ___________; [kQm] ______;

[hu:z] ________ [it] ___ [pli:z] ________ [daun] _______ [`ru:lE] _______ [kQm] ____

4). 形义结合：英汉互译（即，写出对应的英语或汉语意思）。

her -____; thank-_______; 定冠词/ 这个或那个-______; 书-______; rubber -_______;

小 -______; 帽子 -_____; Sit down please. ________; Thank you. _______; Here you are._________;

Yes, it is. ________; Come here, please. ___________; 字母L的两种读音口诀：音节开头发清音[l -], 音节末尾模糊音[- l],

[l - ] lazy, like, look, long, lubber ([`lQbE] adj.粗笨的, 笨拙的n.傻大个), black, please, clock, color,

toilet, holiday, English, Italian, nationality, lollipop,

[- l ] girl[E:l], ball [C:l], small, school[u:l], well[el], smell, level[(E)l], smile[ail], hill[il],

old[Eul], cold, child[ail], children [il], full [ul], beautiful [ul], apple [pl], people, pupil,

table [bl], impossible, label ((贴)标签), little [tl], bottle, title, middle [dl], cradle(摇篮),bicycle [kl], eagle [gl], pencil [sl], puzzle [-zl], dazzle[5dAzl](眩目，晃眼，耀眼),

常见音节尾音总结：

[i:l / il / el/ Al / Ql / El / E:l / C:l / Cl / u:l / ul / ail / eil / Cil / iEl / uEl / aul / Eul / ]

[-pl / -bl / -tl / -dl / -kl / -gl / -fl / -vl / -sl / -zl / ]

[-pEl / -bEl / -tEl / -dEl / -kEl / -gEl / -fEl / -vEl / -sEl / -zEl ]

自然发音二十八条拼读规则

1． q总与u在一起，读做/kw/, 此处u不作元音.

2． c在e, y, i前读做/s/ (cent, city, cycle), 其他字母前读做/k/(cut, cap, cop).

3． e, i, y之前的g可以读做/j/(page, giant, gym), 其中e, i之前的g也可以不读做/j/(get, girl, give); 其它字母之前的g读做/g/(gate, go, gust).

4． 元音a, e, o, u在音节结尾(开音节)一般读做字母音(长音a, e, o, u), 有助于学生正确划分并拼读元音字母+辅音字母+元音字母的不熟悉单词(re port„rather than rep ort).

5． i和y经常读做/i/(big, gym), 但是也可读做I(silent, my, type).

6． 一个英语单词用字母y而不是i的结尾(my, by).

7． 有五种情况末尾的字母e不发音(如me,she,和he的短单词末尾的e读做e, 较长的单词末尾的e不发音)

尾字母e不发音应该被认为是”having a job” (承担一项工作)

7.1 bake gene time/type code cute 使他前面的元音字母发字母音..

7.2 love give blue true 使我们不要以一个v和一个u结束一个单词.

7

7.3 chance bodice charge allege 使g和c读软音/j/和/s/.

7.4 lit tle cas tle bot tle dab ble fid dle 避免一个音节没有一个元音字母.

7.5 are nurse raise bye ewe owe cause 这一条被Spalding女士叫做无工作尾字母e; Sanseri女士叫做老工作尾字母e, 并说前四条之外的不发音尾字母e都叫做老工作尾字母e.

7.5.1 使一个不是复数形式的单词不要以s结尾(dense而不是dens, purse不是purs,false不是 fals).7.5.2 加长短的主意词(main-idea), 如awe, ewe, rye

7.5.3 区分同音异形词的含义. 如or/ore for/fore.

7.5.4 中英语和外来语中(那里的尾字母e是要发音的)留下来的, 现在不发音. 如treatise giraffe

8. 有五种字母组合发/er/的音/, 记住下面的句子.

Her nurse first works early. 这个句子是按英语用法中的降序排列的.

另外,or在w后业可以发/er/的音. 还要记住有些词尾的ar和or也发/er/的音.如dollar, doctor.

9. 1-1-1规则: 单音节单词中, 结尾是单元音加单个辅音的, 在添加以元音开始的词尾变化时, 需要将末尾的辅音字母再写一次再加词尾变化.(如hop---hop ped). 但是词尾是x除外, 因为它由两个音/ks/.

10. 2-1-1规则: 双音节词中, 结尾是单元音加单个辅音的, 在添加以元音开始的词尾变化时, 需要将末尾的辅音字母再写一次再加词尾变化(be gin--- be gin + ning). 第二个音节不重读的不能双写末尾辅音字母(en ter, prof it, bud get).

11. 去e规则,以不发音的e结尾的单词在添加以元音开始的词尾变化是需要去掉末尾不发音的e(come-coming

12. 是ie还是ei? 一般情况下,应该是ie,但是1) c之后用ei; 2)发字母a的音时, 用ei(neighbor, weigh, vein). 还有下面的例外情形Neither foreign sovereign seized counterfeit forfeited leisure. Plus: either weird protein heifer:

13. 音素sh用在一个基本词的开头或是结尾(she, dish), 还用在一个音节的结尾(fin ish), 但绝对不会在后一个音节的开头, 除非是以ship结尾(wor ship, friend ship).

14. 音素si, ti, ci最常用在一个基本词的第二及以后的开头, 发音/sh/. 常常可以通过考察词根和根词来确定发/sh/时用什么样的音素.比如

infect to in fec tious / collect to col lec tion / potent to po ten tial

music to mu si cian / space to spa cious / finance to fi nan cial

soci (companion) to so cial / ancien (old) to an cient

cruc (cross) to cru cial / speci (kind) to spe cial

15.音素si在前一个音节以s结尾时(ses sion)发/sh/,一个基本词经过词尾变化后只有一个s(tense--tension)其中的音素si发/sh/.discuss to dis cus sion/compress to com pres sion/admis to ad mis sion

16. 音素si可以发/zh/, 如vi sion, di vi sion, oc ca sion, ex plo sion.

17. 只有一个元音的单音节词,常常双写词尾的l,s,f.比如will,off,miss.有时双音节词也用到这条规则, 如re cess

18. 词尾为长音a时, 常用ay在词尾而不是a. (bay, day, decay)

19. 元音i和o后面有两个辅音时,常发长音. (find, old)

20. s从不在x后, 音素x包含一个/s/音, /ks/.

21. 去L规则1: all单独出现有两个l, 但在前缀中只有一个l.(al most, al so, al though).

22. 去L规则2: till和full单独出现有两个l, 作后缀只有一个l. (un til, plen ti ful).

23. 音素dge只用在单元音后面,而且这个元音发短音(badge, edge, bridge, lodge, budge).

24. Y变I规则: 进行词尾变化时, 词尾是一个辅音字母+y, 要变y为i.

下列两种情况驻外(1)加-ing, (2)变后会引起音节分裂.

city/cit ies beauty/beau ti ful play/player funny/fun ni est

multiply/mul ti ply ing rely/re li able cry/cried deny/denied

25. 音素ck只用在单元音后, 而且这个元音发短音(back, neck, lick, rock, duck).

26. 字母开头的z永远发/z/, 不会发/s/.

27. 音素ed有三个音, 基本词以/t/和/d/音结尾, ed发/ed/(divide---divided, heat---heated); 基本词

以浊辅音结尾的, ed发/d/( lived), 以清辅音结尾的发/t/(stopped)

28. 单词常常(always)在双辅音间分音节[但要注意不要把辅音字母组合分开(如ma the ma tic)], 重读音节的辅音才发音, 非重读音节的辅音不发音lit tle. 翻译时, consonant译作辅音, vowel译作元音.

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