新编英语教程6_答案_修订版_教师用书_李观仪

新编英语教程6_答案_修订版_教师用书_李观仪

练习册：We may regard “if only” as indicating the past and

“next time” the future, we all know the most important time is

“now”, as past things could not be changed and future is based

on “now”.

I. 1. The old man was an eminent psychiatrist and the author

was a client of his. (famous and respected within a particular

profession)

2. Refer to para. 1. To him, the session was just like “a flash

of insight that leaves him a changed person—not only changed,

but changed for the better.”

3. The three speakers on the tape were all unhappy, and the

two words they all used frequently in what they said were “if

only.” What the old man wanted to point out to the author was

that to keep saying “if only” would not change anything; on

the contrary, it only kept the person facing the wring way—backward instead of forward. Thus it did more harm than good

to the person who kept saying them. (See para. 15)

4. Shift the focus; substitute “next time” for “if only”

5. They point to entirely different mental directions; one is

backward and negative, and the other forward and positive.

6. It is instructive and inspirational.

II. 1. The most inspiring and gratifying fact of life is the

unexpected spark of enlightenment that makes you different and

a better person than before.

2. At last he walked over from the other side of the street,

wrapped in his old-fashioned overcoat, his bald head covered by

a shapeless felt hat. He looked like a dwarfish old man full of

energy rather than a well-known psychiatrist.

3. The next speaker on the tape was a woman who had

remained single because she thought she was obliged to take

care of her mother who was a widow. She still remembered and

told others miserably about all the chances of marriage she had

missed.

4. Eventually, if you form a habit of sayi ng “if only”, the

phrase can really turn to an obstruction, providing you with an

excuse for giving up trying anything at all.

5. …you are always thinking of the past, regretting and

lamenting. You did not look forward to what you can do in the

future at all.

6. The Old Man said to me trickily, using the phrase “if only”

on purpose, “If only we?d got here ten seconds earlier, we?d

have caught the cab.” I laughed and understood what he meant.

So I followed his advice and said, “Next time I?ll run faster”.

III. 1. The whole plan fell through for want of fund.

2. Newton is acknowledged as one of the world?s most

eminent scientists.

3. He calculates the cost of production with invariable

accuracy.

4. The spokesman of the corporation was berated for his

irresponsible words.

5. The young clerk from the commercial bank

LANGUAGE WORK

I. 1. C 2. C 3. D 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. D 8. A 9. D 10. B 11. A 12. B 13.

C 14. D

15. A 16. B 17. B 18. A 19. A 20. D

III. 1. predominantly, prevailing 2. preferential 3. tremulous 4.

inadvisable, shrinkage 5. sensitive, terrorism/terror

6. magnifying

7. unapproachable, fictitious

8. unbecoming/becoming

9. unaccountable 10. disorientation 11. persuasion,

entreaties 12. irremediable

IV. 1. blame 2. reproached 3. blamed/reproached 4.

reproached

5. rebuke/reprimand

6. reprimanded

7. rebuke/scold/reprimand

8. reprimanded

9. reprimanded 10. scolded 11. reproach 12. scolded

V. 1. on 2. In 3. over 4. in 5. from 6. beneath 7. with 8. in 9. of

10. Since 11. to 12. in 13. with 14. with 15. between 16. with 17.

to 18. In 19. on 20. In 21. to 22. on 23. in 24. like

VI. 1. ash 2. outbreaks 3. interval 4. eruption 5. volcanologist

6. which 7. lava 8. cone 9. flood 10. under 11. crater 12. began 13.

cauliflower 14. like 15. and

Unit Two

TEXT I

THE FINE ART OF PUTTING THINGS OFF

未修订前的练习答案：

I. Paraphrase the parts underlined in the following:

“Never put off till tomorrow,” 1exhorted Lord Chesterfield

in 1749, “what you can do today.”? That the elegant earl never

2got around to marrying his so n?s mother and had a bad habit

of keeping 3worthies like Dr. Johnson cooling their heels for

hours in an anteroom 4attests to the fact that even the most well-intentioned men have been postponers ever. Quintus Fabius

Maximus, one of the great Roman generals, was 5dubbed

“Cunctator” (Delayer) for putting off battle 6until the last

possible vinum break. Moses 7pleaded a speech defect to

rationalize his reluctance to deliver Jehovah?s edict to Pharaoh.

Hamlet, of course, raised procrastination to an art form.

There are those who prepare their income taxes in February,

prepay mortgages and serve precisely planned dinners at an

8ungodly 6: The other half dine happily on leftovers at 9

or 10, misplace bills and 9file for an extension of the income tax

deadline. They seldom pay credit-card bills until the

10apocalyptic voice of Diners threatens doom from Denver. They

postpone, 11as Faustian encounters) visits to barbershop, dentist

or doctor.

Yet 12for all the trouble procrastination may incur, delay can

often inspire and revive a creative soul.

From Cunctator’ s day until this century, the art of

postponement had been 13virtually a monopoly of the military

(“Hurry up and wait”), diplomacy and the law. In former times,

a British proconsul faced with a native uprising could comfortably

14ruminate about the situation with Singapore Sling” in hand.

15Blessedly, he had no flattering Telex to order in machine guns

and fresh troops.

Even 16where there is no will, there is a way. There is a

difference, of course, between chronic procrastination and

purposeful postponement, particularly 17in the higher echelons

of business.

The data explosion 18fortifies those seeking excuses for

inaction —another report to be read, another authority to be

consulted.

His point is well 19taken. 20Bureaucratization, which

flourished amid the growing burdens of government and the

greater complexity of society, was designed to smother

policymakers in blankets of legalism, compromise and

reappraisal --- and thereby prevent hasty decisions from

being made.

Many languages are 21studded with phrases that refer to

putting things off ---from the Spanish maiana to the Arabic

bukrafil mishmish.

There are all sorts of 22rationalizations: the pressure of

teaching responsibilities at home, checking out the latest book,

looking up another footnote.”

To Georgia State Psychologist Joen Fagan, however;

procrastination may be a kind of 23subliminal way of sorting the

important from the trivial.

It is something of 24a truism that to put off making a

decision is itself a decision. The parliamentary process is

essentially a system of delay and deliberation. So, 25for that

matter, is the creation of a great painting, or 26an entree, or a

book, or a building like Blenheim Palace, which took the Duke of

Marlboro ugh?s architects and laborers 15 years to construct. In

the process, the design can 27mellow and marinate.

In other words, 28pace Lord Chesterfield, what you don?t

necessarily have to do today, by all means put off until tomorrow.

I. Paraphrase

1. exhorted: urged strongly

2. the elegant earl never got around to marrying his son's

mother: found time for

3. a habit of keeping worthies like Dr. Johnson cooling their

heels for hours: men of importance like Dr. Johnson waiting

4. That.…attests to the fact that: proves

5. one of the great Roman generals was dubbed "Cunctator":

named humorously

6. for putting off battle until the last possible vinum break:

until an effective defense deserving a celebration with

champagne was ensured

7. Moses pleaded a speech defect to rationalize his

reluctance to deliver Jehovah's edict to Pharaoh: claimed that he

had

a speech defect, and that he had reasons for

8. at an ungodly 6:: unreasonable

9. to file for an extension of the income tax deadline: apply

officially

the apocalyptic voice of Diners threatens doom from

Denver: warning, suggests unavoidable destruction

postpone, as Faustian encounters, visits to

barbershop: as if they will see devils

for all the trouble procrastination may incur: in spite

of

art of postponement had been virtually a monopoly

of the military, diplomacy and the law: found almost only in the

field of

ruminate about the situation with Singapore Sling in

hand: go over in mind repeatedly and slowly

dly, he had no nattering Telex to order machine

guns and fresh troops: fortunately, noisy

there is no will, there is a way: there is no will to delay,

there is a way to do so.

the higher echelons of business: in the case of higher

levels

data explosion fortifies those seeking excuses for

inaction: encourages, doing nothing

point is will taken: accepted

cratization, which flourished amid the growing

burdens of government and the greater complexity of society,

was designed to smother policymaker in blanks of legalism,

compromise and reappraisal: Excessive silly rules, which

developed very quickly as a result of the expanding

administrative structure and the greater complexity of society,

were made to restrict policymakers, who have to be engaged in

endless paperwork, mediation and reconsideration

languages are studded with phrases that refer to

putting things off: filled

are all sorts of rationalizations: reasons

23.a kind of subliminal way of sorting the important from the

trivial: way outside one's conscious awareness

is something of a truism: an undoubted truth

that matter: as further concerns the thing mentioned

…is the creation of an entree: a small carefully prepared

meat dish

design can mellow and marinate: ripen and mature

Lord Chesterfield: with all due respect to

II. Rewrite the following

For each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as

close in meaning as possible to the original sentence by using

the given words as the beginning.

1. That the elegant earl never got around to marrying his

son?s mother and had a bad habit of keeping worthies like Dr.

Johnson cooling their heels for hours in an anteroom attests to

the fact that even the most well-intentioned men have been

postponers ever.

The fact that even the most well-intentioned men have been

postponers ever can be testified ___ by the elegant earl who never

got around to marrying his son?s mother and had a bad habit of

keeping worthies like Dr. Johnson cooling their heels for hours in

an anteroom.

2. Moses pleaded a speech defect to rationalize his

reluctance to deliver Jehovah?s edict to Pharaoh.

By saying that he had a speech defect, Moses rationalized his

reluctance to deliver Jehovah?s edict to Pharaoh.

3. Yet for all the trouble procrastination may incur, delay can

often inspire and revive a creative soul.

Although procrastination may incur, delay can, yet, often

inspire and revive a creative soul.

4. Bureaucratization, which flourished amid the growing

burdens of government and the greater complexity of society,

was designed to smother the policy-makers in blankets of

legalism, compromise and reappraisal.

The design of bureaucratization, which flourished amid the

growing burdens of government and the greater complexity of

society, was to smoother the policy-makers in blankets of

legalism, compromise and reappraisal.

5. There is a long and honorable history of procrastination to

suggest that many ideas and decisions may well improve if

postponed.

Procrastination has been honored long, suggesting that

many ideas and decisions may well improve if postponed.

III. Translate the following into English

1.事实上，拖延这种现象的漫长而骄人的历史本身就已经表明，许多构想和决定如果加以推迟可能会更为圆满。推迟做出决定其本身就是一个决定，这是一个自明之理。议会的办事程序，就其本质而言，就是包含了拖延与深思的一种办事制度。就此而言，这种现象同样可见于一幅油画杰作的创作，一碟菜肴的烹饪，或是一本书的编写，也

可见于象布伦海姆宫这样的大楼的建造。这项工程花费了莫尔巴勒公爵手下众多建筑师和劳工整整15年的时间。

1. In fact, there is a long and honorable history of

procrastination to suggest that many ideas and decisions may

well improve if postponed. It is something of a truism that to put

off making a decision is itself a decision. The parliamentary

process is essentially a system of delay and deliberation. So, for

that matter, is the creation of a great painting, or an entree, or a

book, or a building like Blenheim Palace, which took the Duke of

Marlborough?s architects and laborers 15 years to construct.

2. 他的见解很有道理。在政府机构日益臃肿，社会结构日益复杂的情况下，繁琐拖拉的办事程序不断复杂，使决策者们忙于应付各种条条框框，左右全行，再三考虑，被繁琐的事务压得喘不过气来，也就无法仓促地做出决定。导致水门事件的政府集权化管理已经波及经济和其他部门，使拖延成为全世界的生活方式。许多语言中，都充满表示拖延的词语——从西班牙语中的Ma?ena到阿拉伯语中的bukrafilmishmish（文字上是“明日之杏”的意思，指的是“留待和暖的春季杏花盛开时才去做”）

2. His point is well taken. Bureaucratization, which flourished

amid the growing burdens of government and the greater

complexity of society, was designed to smother policymakers in

blankets of legalism, compromise and reappraisal --- and thereby

prevent hasty decisions from being made. The centralization of

government that led to Watergate has

spread to economic institutions and beyond, making

procrastination a worldwide way of life. Many languages are

studded with phrases that refer to putting things off ---from the

Spanish maiana to the Arabic bukrafil mishmish (literally

“tomorrow in apricots, “more loosely “leave it for the soft

spring weather when the apricots are blooming”).

3. 在拖延的过程中，设计可以达到尽善尽美。事实上，欲速则不达。正如《石中剑》的作者T·H怀特所说：“时间并非是要在一小时或一天内被匆匆吞没，而是要在不急不忙的细细品味中，一点一滴地被逐步消化。”换句话说，尊敬的切斯得菲尔得伯爵，您今天不一定要做的事，尽管拖到明天吧。

3. In the process, the design can mellow and marinate.

Indeed, hurry can be the assassin of elegance. As T. H. White,

author of Sword in the Stone, once wrote, time “is not meant to

be devoured in an hour or a day, but t o be consumed delicately

and gradually and without haste.” In other words, pace Lord

Chesterfield, what you don?t necessarily have to do today, by all

means put off until tomorrow.

4. “今天要做事决不要拖到明天，”切斯得菲尔得勋爵在1949年曾经如此劝诫人们。但是，这位举止优雅的伯爵却从来没有安排好时间娶他儿子的母亲。此外，他还有个坏习惯：老是让像约翰逊博士这样的贵客在他的接待室里等上几小时。这证明，即使是最有善意的人也曾经是个拖延者。

4. “Never put off till tomorrow,” exhorted Lord Chesterfield

in 1749, “what you can do today.”? That the elegant earl never

got around to marrying his son?s mother and had a bad habit of

keeping wor thies like Dr. Johnson cooling their heels for hours

in an anteroom attests to the fact that even the most well-intentioned men have been postponers ever.

5. 尽管拖延会带来很多麻烦，但是推迟往往能使人获得灵感并重新焕发想象力。珍·凯尔是一位曾经创作了许多优秀小说和戏剧的女作家。她说，她总是习惯于把厨房里的所有糖罐头和奖品上的商品标签细读一遍才坐到打字机前开始写作。

5. Yet for all the trouble procrastination may incur, delay can

often inspire and revive a creative soul. Jean Kerr, author of many

successful novels and plays, says that she reads every soup-can

and jam-jar label in her kitchen before settling down to her

typewriter.

IV. Cloze

“Never (1)put off till tomorrow,” exhorted (2)Lord

Chesterfield in 1749, “(3)what you can do today.” (4)That the

elegant earl never got (5)around to marrying his son?s mother

and had a bad (6)habit of keeping worthies (7)like Dr. Johnson

cooling their (8)heels for hours in an anteroom attests to the

(9)fact that even the most well-intentioned men (10)have been

postponers ever.

His point is well taken. Bureaucratization, (11)which

flourished amid the growing (12)burdens of government and the

greater complexity of society, was designed to smother

(13)policymakers in blankets of legalism, compromise and

reappraisal --- and thereby (14)prevent hasty decisions from

being made. The centralization of government (15)that led to

Watergate has spread to economic institutions and beyond,

(16)making procrastination a worldwide (17)way of life. Many

languages are studded with phrases that refer to (18)putting_

things off ---(19)from the Spanish maiana to the Arabic bukrafil

mishmish(literally “tomorrow in apricots, “ more loosely

“leave it for the soft spring weather (20)when the apricots are

blooming”).

Unit Three

TEXT I

WALLS AND BARRIERS

I. 1. To people of Raskin?s father?s generation, money is a

tangible commodity. T o deposit money in a bank is to

keep it in the safe the banker provides. Therefore, a bank

must be solidly constructed to perform this function. A bank with

glass walls falls short of the expectations of these people.

2. Yes, it was. For two reasons: First, money was a tangible

commodity, and there was much more cash in circulation then.

So it was necessary to have a strong “safe” to keep all the

money in. Second, to attract customers by satisfying them

psychologically.

3. Money: used to be a tangible commodity; being less

tangible now, less cash being used, being replaced largely by

credit.

Function of the bank: provision of a safe before; provision of

services now.

Architecture: used to have an impregnable appearance; has

become a cubical cage of glass, the door becoming a window

display.

The point illustrated: Architecture is a medium for the

expression of human beliefs and attitudes.

4. Ref. to para. 6.

Classical architecture measures excellence by form with little

regard to function.

The new theory of architecture stresses the integration of

form and function, esp. the function of architecture as a

manifestation of human mentality.

5. The paragraph is a continuation of the discussion of walls

as barriers carried out in the preceding paragraph, but from

another aspect.

6. The last sentence in para. 6, i.e., walls are not simply walls

but physical symbols of the barriers in men?s minds.

7. Behavior—went about in guarded litters or veiled.

Architectural features—surrounding walls, rooms facing a

patio, etc.

Decorative arts—intricate and rich.

Philosophy—contemplative.

8. One: attitude toward threat and hostility from the world

without.

Two: attitude toward privacy.

Effect on architecture: Heavy walls are obsolete, more

delicate materials are used instead.

9. The traditional functions of walls have changed, and glass

walls can perform the functions walls are expected to perform in

modern architecture. What?s more, glass walls adequately

express the beliefs of the modern man.

10. The form of architecture is determined by its function.

II. 1. Brought up in the old tradition, my father is naturally

not prepared to accept the idea of modern architecture; his

objection to it, I would assume, indeed I should say I am pretty

sure, is not a result of his strong dislike of the physical building

itself, but rather that of his refusal to change his attitude towards

money.

2. If a building was made to look sturdy/invulnerable, it

would be accordingly regarded as reliable, and the significance

of the thick walls would be measured not by their artistic value,

but by their seeming ability to provide a safe location for money.

3. People in a primitive society, for example, saw the world

as an enormous planet full of fear, hatred and disorder.

4. Today a wall serves mainly as a physical means to protect

the desired atmosphere inside from being disturbed by anything

unwelcome outside.

5. Again, the decisive factor that can influence the design of

a wall is not the advancement of science and technology, but our

ever-changing attitude towards our place in this world.

III. 1. There is no tangible evidence to indicate that he is

guilty./There is no tangible evidence of his guilt.

2. I affirmed that the accused was innocent.

3. The defenses there seemed impregnable.

4. War is accompanied by destruction.

5. He remained secluded in his farmhouse.

6. The superstition used to be prevalent in that region.

7. Some people cherish friendship more than anything else.

8. They have got adequate food for the journey.

9. What he says is not consistent with what he does.

以前练习答案；

I. Paraphrase the parts underlined in the following:

Of course, my father is a gentleman of the old school, a

member of the generation to whom a good deal of modern

architecture is 1unnerving; but I suspect that his negative

response was not so much to the architecture as to a violation of

his concept of the nature of money.

In his generation money was thought of as a 2tangible

commodity --- bullion, bank notes, coins --- that could be

3hefted, carried, or stolen. Consequently, to attract the 4custom

of a sensible man, a bank had to have heavy walls, barred

windows, and bronze doors, to affirm the fact, however untrue,

that money would be safe inside. If a building?s design made it

appear 5impregnable, the institution was necessarily 6sound,

and the meaning of the heavy wall as an architectural symbol

7dwelt in the prevailing attitude toward money, rather than in

any aesthetic theory.

But that attitude toward money has of course changed. The

banker no longer offers us a safe, he offers us a service --- a

service in which the most valuable elements are 8dash and a

creative flair for the invention of large numbers.

The Manufacturers Trust is a great cubical cage of glass

whose brilliantly lighted interior challenges even the brightness

of a sunny day, while the door to the vault, 9far from being

secluded and guarded, is set out as a window display.

Just as the older bank 10asserted its invulnerability, this bank

by its architecture boasts of its imaginative powers. From this

point of view it is hard to say where architecture ends and

11human assertion begins. In fact, there is no such division; the

two are one and the same.

In the age of sociology and psychology, walls are not simply

walls but physical symbols of the 12barriers in men?s minds.

In a primitive society, for example, men pictured the world as

large, fearsome, hostile, and beyond human control. Therefore

they built heavy, walls of huge boulders, behind which they could

feel themselves to be in a 13delimited space that was controllable

and safe; these heavy walls expressed man?s fear of the outer

world and his need to find protection, however illusory. It might

be argued that the undeveloped technology of the period

14precluded the construction of more delicate walls.

Still, it was not technology, but a fearful attitude toward the

world, which made people want to build walls in the first place.

The greater the fear, the heavier the wall, until in the tombs of

ancient kings we find structures that are practically all wall, the

fear of 15dissolution being the ultimate fear.

And then there is the question of privacy --- for it has

become 16questionable. In some Mediterranean cultures it was

not so much the world of nature that was feared, but the world

of men. Men were dirty, 17prying, vile, and dangerous. One went

about, if one could afford it, in guarded litters, women went

about heavily veiled, if they went about at all. One?s house was

surrounded by a wall, and the rooms faced not out, but in, toward

a 18patio, expressing the prevalent conviction that the beauties

and values of life were to be found by looking inward, and by

engaging in the intimate activities of a personal 19as against a

public life. The rich 20intricacies of the decorative arts of the

period, as well as its contemplative philosophies, 21are as

illustrative of this attitude as the walls themselves.

We feel different today. For one thing, we place greater

reliance upon the control of human hostility, not so much by

physical barriers, as by the 22conventions of law and social

practice --- as well as the availability of motorized police. We do

not cherish privacy as much as did our ancestors. We are proud

to have our women seen and admired, and the same 23goes for

our homes.

The principal function of today?s wall is to separate possib ly

undesirable outside air from the controlled conditions of

temperature and humidity which we have created inside. Glass

may 24accomplish this function, though there are apparently a

good many people who still have 25qualms about eating,

sleeping, and dressing under conditions of high visibility; they

demand walls that will at least give them a sense of adequate

26screening. But these shy ones are a vanishing breed. The Philip

Johnson house in Connecticut, which is much admired and widely

imitated, has glass walls all the way around, and the only real

privacy is to be found in the bathroom, the toilette 27taboo being

still unbroken, at least in Connecticut.

28To repeat, it is not our advanced technology, but our

changing conceptions of ourselves in relation to the world that

determine how we shall build our walls. The glass wall expresses

man?s conviction that he can and does master nature and society.

The “open plan” and the 29unobstructed view are consistent

with his faith in the eventual solution of all problems through the

expanding efforts of science.

Paraphrase

1. to whom a good deal of modern architecture is unnerving:

discouraging

2. a tangible commodity: material

3. that could be hefted: lifted for making out the weight

4. to attract the custom of a sensible man: business

patronage

5. If a building's design made it appear impregnable: firm

enough

6. the institution was necessarily sound: in good condition

7. the meaning of the heavy wall…dwelt in the prevailing

attitude toward money, rather than in any aesthetic theory: was

based on , on

8. the most valuable elements are dash and a creative flair

for the invention of large numbers: vigor and a creative ability

9. the door to the vault, far from being secluded and guarded,

is set out: not at all

older bank asserted its invulnerability: showed

forcefully its freedom from harm

is hard to say where architecture ends and human

assertion begins: expression of human attitudes

are not simply walls but physical symbols of the

barriers in men's minds: fears

could feel themselves to be in a delimited space:

space with fixed limits

undeveloped technology of the period precluded the

construction of more delicate walls: made impossible

fear of dissolution being the ultimate fear: death

has become questionable: not certain

were dirty, prying, vile, and dangerous: nosy, evil

rooms faced not out, but in, toward a patio: inner

roofless yard

ng in the intimate activities of a personal as against

a public life: rather than

rich intricacies of the decorative arts of the period:

complex details

21….are as illustrative of this attitude as the walls themselves:

illustrate as much

the conventions of law and social practice: agreements

the same goes for our homes: is true for

may accomplish this function: perform well

who still have qualms about eating…under

conditions of high visibility: unpleasant feelings

that will at least give them a sense of adequate

screening: privacy due to separation

toilette taboo being still unbroken: forbidden practice

repeat, it is our changing conceptions of ourselves in

relation to the world that determine: In a word, it is our attitudes

toward

"open plan" and the unobstructed view are consistent

with his faith in the eventual solution of all problems: view free

from obstruction squarely express

II. Rewrite the following

For each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as

close in meaning as possible to the original sentence by using

the given words as the beginning.

1. My father?s negative response was not so much to the

architecture as to a violation of his concept of the nature of

money.

The architecture itself didn?t cause so much of my father?s n

egative response as a violation of his concept of the nature of

money did.

2. It is not our advanced technology, but our changing

conceptions of ourselves in relation to the world that determine

how we shall build our walls,

We are changing our conceptions of ourselves in relation to

the world, which, instead of our advanced technology, s the

determining factor of how we shall build our walls.

3. If a building?s design made it appear impregnable, the

institution was necessarily sound, and the meaning of the heavy

wall as an architectural symbol dwelt in the prevailing attitude

toward money, rather than in any aesthetic theory.

A building?s apparently impregnable design made not only

the building itself necessarily sound but also its heavy wall as an

architectural symbol significant, because of the prevailing

attitude toward money, rather than of any aesthetic theory.

4. It is in the understanding of architecture as a medium for

the human attitudes, prejudices, taboos, and ideals that the

architectural criticism departs from classical aesthetics.

Understanding architecture as a medium for the human

attitudes, prejudices, taboos, and ideals, the new architectural

criticism differs from classical aesthetics.

5. It might be argued that the undeveloped technology of

the period precluded the construction of more delicate walls. It

was possibly because of the undeveloped technology of the

period that the construction of more delicate walls became

impossible.

III. Translate the following into English

1. 我们并不寻求与世隔绝；事实上，只要我们觉得自己孤单，就会轻轻敲一下开关，通过电视屏幕将整个世界带到眼前。所以难怪，厚实的围墙现已过时，而我们建起了用金属箔和玻璃做材料的薄膜幕墙。

1. We do not seek solitude; in fact, if we find ourselves alone

for once, we flick a switch and invite the whole world in through

the television screen. Small wonder, then, that the heavy

surrounding wall is obsolete, and we build, instead, membranes

of this sheet metal or glass.

2. 在原始社会，人类把世界描绘成巨大而可怕，充满仇恨而且不为人类所驾驭的地方。因此他们用巨石建起坚厚的墙，生活在墙后局限的空间里，他们会觉得自如与安全。这些厚墙表达人们对外界的恐惧和对于寻求保护的迫切感，尽管这些墙起不了实际的保护作用。也许有人会争辩道，那是因为当时的技术不发达，所以人们无法建造更为精巧的墙。这话当然没错，但是促使人们建造围墙的首先并非技术问题，而是人类对于世界的恐惧心理，恐惧心理越强烈，墙就建得越厚实，直到古代君王的墓里我们发现基本是由墙式的结构所组成，因为对于死亡的恐惧是人们最强烈的恐惧。

2. In a primitive society, for example, men pictured the world

as large, fearsome, hostile, and beyond human control. Therefore

they built heavy, walls of huge boulders, behind which they could

feel themselves to be in a delimited space that was controllable

and safe; these heavy walls expressed man?s fear of the outer

world and his need to find protection, however illusory. It might

be argued that the undeveloped technology of the period

precluded the construction of more delicate walls. This is of

course true. Still, it was not technology, but a fearful attitude

toward the

world, which made people want to build walls in the first

place. The greater the fear, the heavier the wall, until in the tombs

of ancient kings we find structures that are practically all wall, the

fear of dissolution being the ultimate fear.

3. 新的建筑批评理论把建筑学视作表达人的态度、偏见、禁忌和理想的媒介。正是在这一点上，他与古典美学分道扬镳。后者纯粹以比例、结构等作为审美的依据，在社会学与心理学交织的时代，围墙不仅仅是围墙，而且还是人们心中隔阂的具体象征。

It is in the understanding of architecture as a medium for the

expression of human attitudes, prejudices, taboos, and ideals

that the new architectural criticism departs from classical

aesthetics. The latter relied upon pure proportion, composition,

etc., as bases for artistic judgment. In the age of sociology and

psychology, walls are not simply walls but physical symbols of the

barriers in men?s minds.

4. 如今墙的主要功能在于把外界令人不舒服的空气尽可能的隔绝出去，使我们能尽享自己创造的受控的温度与湿度环境。玻璃可以圆满地担负此任，不过还有许多人们似乎仍然对于在众目睽睽之下就餐、就寝和更衣有所顾虑，它们需要至少能为他们提供足够安全和隐私感的墙。

The principal function of today?s wall is to separate possibly

undesirable outside air from the controlled conditions of

temperature and humidity which we have created inside. Glass

may accomplish this function, though there are apparently a

good many people who still have qualms about eating, sleeping,

and dressing under conditions of high visibility; they demand

walls that will at least give them a sense of adequate screening.

5. 总而言之，决定我们如何建造围墙的因素并非是我们的先进技术，而是我们对于世界不断改变的看法。玻璃墙表达了人类能够并且确实驾驭自然和社会的坚定信念。开放式的设计和一览无遗的景恰

切的表达了人类通过不断的科学努力最终解决一切难题的信心。

To repeat, it is not our advanced technology, but our

changing conceptions of ourselves in relation to the world that

determine how we shall build our wal ls. The glass wall expresses

man?s conviction that he can and does master nature and society.

The “open plan” and the unobstructed view are consistent with

his faith in the eventual solution of all problems through the

expanding efforts of science.

6. 今天，我们对于隐私的看法已经截然不同了。其中一个原因是，我们不再依赖物质的屏障来控制人与人之间的敌对局面，我们除了依靠摩托化的警力之外，主要还是依靠法律和社会惯例来使人们达成共识，化解分歧。我们并不像我们的祖先那样看重隐私。我们很乐意看到自己的女人抛头露面，被人仰慕。

We feel different today. For one thing, we place greater

reliance upon the control of human hostility, not so much by

physical barriers, as by the conventions of law and social practice

--- as well as the availability of motorized police. We do not

cherish privacy as much as did our ancestors. We are proud to

have our women seen and admired.

IV. Cloze

It is in the understanding of architecture as a (1)m for the

expression of (2)h____ attitudes, prejudices, taboos, and ideals

(3)t the new architectural criticism (4)d______ from classical

aesthetics. The latter relied (5)u pure proportion, composition,

etc., as bases (6)f artistic judgment. (7)I the age of sociology (8)a

psychology, (9)w______ are not simply walls but physical (10)s of

the barriers in men?s minds.

We feel different today. For one thing, we (11)p_____ greater

reliance upon the control of human hostility, not so (12)m_____

by physical barriers, as by the conventions of law and social

(13)p_____ --- as well as the availability of motorized police. We

do not cherish privacy as (14)m_____ as did our ancestors. We are

(15)p_____ to have our women seen and (16)a_____, and the same

goes for our homes. We do not seek solitude; in (17)f_____, if we

find ourselves alone for once, we (18)f_____ a switch and invite

the whole world in (19)t_____ the television screen. Small wonder,

then, that the (20)h_____ surrounding wall is obsolete, and we

build, instead, membranes of this sheet metal or glass.

The principal function of today?s wall is to (21)s possibly

undesirable outside air from the controlled (22)c of temperature

and humidity (23)w we have created(24)i . Glass may accomplish

this (25)f , though there are apparently a good many (26)p who

still have qualms (27)a eating, sleeping, and dressing (28)u_______

conditions of high visibility; they (29)d walls that will at (30)l give

them a sense of adequate screening.

To repeat, it is not our advanced technology, (31)b our

changing conceptions of ourselves in (32)r to the world (33)t

determine how we shall build our (34)w . The glass wall expresses

man?s c onviction that he can and does (35)m_______ nature and

society. The “open plan” and the unobstructed view are

consistent (36)w his faith in the eventual solution of all (37)p

through the expanding efforts of science. This is perhaps (38)w it

is the most “advanced” and “forward-looking” among us

(39)w live and work in glass houses. (40)E the fear of the cast

stone has been analyzed out of us.

(1)medium (2)human (3)that (4)departs (5)upon

(6)for (7)In (8)and (9)walls (10)symbols

(11)place (12)much (13)practice (14)much (15)proud

(16)admired (17)fact (18)flick (19)through (20)heavy

(21)separate (22)conditions (23)which(24)inside (25)function

(26)people (27)about (28)under (29)demand (30)least.

(31)but (32)relation (33)that (34)wall (35)master

(36)with (37)problems (38)why (39)who (40)Even

Unit Four

TEXT I

THE LADY, OR THE TIGER?

I. Paraphrase the parts underlined in the following:

In the very olden time there lived a semi-barbaric king,

whose ideas, though somewhat 1polished and sharpened by the

progressiveness of distant Latin neighbors, were still 2large, florid,

and untrammeled, as became the half of him which was barbaric.

He was a man of 3exuberant fancy, and, withal, of an authority so

irresistible …that, at his will, he turned his 4varied fancies into

facts. He was greatly 5given to self-communing; and, when he

and himself agreed upon anything, the thing was done. When

every member of his domestic and political systems moved

smoothly in its appointed course, his nature was 6bland and

genial; but whenever there was a little hitch, and some of his

7orbs got out of their orbits, he was blander and more genial still,

for nothing pleased him so much as 8to make the crooked

straight, and crush down uneven places.

Among the borrowed notions by which his barbarism had

become 9semified was that of the public arena, in which, by

exhibition of manly and beastly valor, the minds of his subjects

were 10refined and cultured.

But even here the exuberant and barbaric fancy 11asserted

itself.

The vast amphitheater, with its encircling galleries, its

mysterious vaults, and its unseen passages, was an agent of

12poetic justice, in which crime was punished, or virtue rewarded,

by the decrees of an impartial and incorruptible chance.

When a subject was accused of a crime of sufficient

importance to interest the king, public notice was given that on

an appointed day the fate of the accused person would be

decided in the king?s arena --- a structure which well deserved

its name; although its form and plan were borrowed from afar, its

purpose emanated solely from the brain of this man, who, every

barleycorn a king, knew no tradition to which he 13owed more

allegiance than pleased his fancy, and who ingrafted on every

adopted form of human thought and action the rich growth of

his barbaric idealism.

If he opened the one, there came out of it a hungry tiger, the

fiercest and most cruel that could be 14procured, which

immediately sprang upon him, and tore him to pieces, as a

punishment for his guilt. The moment that the case of the

criminal was thus decided, 15doleful iron bells were clanged,

great wails went up from the hired mourners posted on the outer

rim of the arena, and the vast audience, with bowed heads and

downcast hearts, 16wended slowly their homeward

way, mourning greatly that one so young and fair, or so old

and respected, should have 17merited so dire a fate.

But, if the accused person opened the other door, there came

from it a lady, the most suitable to his years and 18station that

his majesty could select among his fair subjects; and to this lady

he was immediately married, as a reward of his innocence. It

mattered not that he might already possess a wife and family, or

that his affections was might be engaged upon an object of his

own selection; the king allowed no such subordinate

arrangements to 19interfere with his great scheme of

20retribution and reward. The exercises, as in the other instance,

took place immediately, and in the arena. Another of the door

opened beneath the king, and a priest, followed by a band of

choristers, and dancing maidens blowing joyous 21airs on

golden horns and treading an epithalamic measure, advanced to

where the pair stood, side by side; and the wedding was promptly

and cheerily 22solemnized. Then the gay brass bells rang forth

their merry peals, the people shouted glad hurrahs, and the

innocent man, 23preceded by children 24strewing flowers on his

path, led his bride to his home.

The decisions of this tribunal were not only fair, they were

positively 25determinate: the accused person was instantly

punished if he found himself guilty; and, if innocent, he was

rewarded on the spot, whether he liked it or not. There was no

escape from the judgments of the king?s arena.

The institution was a very popular one. When the people,

gathered together on one of the great trial days they never knew

whether they were to witness a bloody a slaughter or a

26hilarious wedding. This element of uncertainty lent an interest

to the occasion 27which it could not otherwise have attained.

Thus the masses were entertained and pleased, and 28the

thinking part of the community could bring no charge of

unfairness against this plan; for did not the accused person have

the whole matter in his own hands?

I. Paraphrase

1. somewhat polished and sharpened by the progressiveness

of distant Latin neighbors: civilized

2. whose ideas were still large, florid, and untrammeled, as

became the half of him which was barbaric: sweeping, wild, and

unrestrained, and so

3. He was a man of exuberant fancy: wild and excessive

4. he turned his varied fancies into facts: fancies of different

kinds

5. He was greatly given to self-communing: in the habit of

discussing matters with himself

6. his nature was bland and genial: gentle and cheerful

7. some of his orbs got out of their orbits: subjects did

something wrong

8. to make the crooked straight, and crush down uneven

places: to execute justice

9. his barbarism had become semified: reduced to half of

what it used to be

minds of his subjects were refined and cultured:

improved and cultivated

the exuberant and barbaric fancy asserted itself:

showed its power

vast amphitheater…was an agent of poetic justice:

perfect

owed more allegiance to no tradition than pleased his

fancy: stuck to no tradition except that which

fiercest and most cruel that could be procured:

obtained with effort

l iron bells were clanged: sad

slowly their homeward way: moved over a

distance

17….should have merited so dire a fate: deserved so terrible

most suitable to his years and station: social rank

interfere with his great scheme of: to stop

20. retribution and reward:, deserved punishment

g maidens blowing joyous airs: tunes

wedding was promptly and cheerily solemnized:

performed in a manner of formal religious ceremony

innocent man, preceded by children: headed

ng flowers on his path, led his bride to his home:

scattering

decisions …were positively determinate: clear

witness a hilarious wedding: wedding causing wild

laughter

element of uncertainty lent an interest to the

occasion which it could not otherwise have attained: and this

interest could not have been attained in other ways

thinking part of the community: those who did not

follow the practice blindly in

II. Rewrite the following

For each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as

close in meaning as possible to the original sentence by using

the given words as the beginning.

king?s ideas, though somewhat polished and

sharpened by the progressiveness of dis tant Latin neighbors,

were still large, florid, and untrammeled, as became the half of

him which was barbaric.

The half of the king was barbaric, as his ideas, though _

somewhat polished and sharpened by the progressiveness of

distant neighbors, were still large, florid, and untrammeled.

was a man of exuberant fancy, and, withal, of an

authority so irresistible that, at his will, he turned his varied

fancies into facts.

He was such a man not only of exuberant fancy, but also of

an authority, that he would turn his varied fancies into facts

without being resisted.

the borrowed notions by which his barbarism had

become semified was that of the public arena, in which, by

exhibition of manly and beastly valor, the minds of his subjects

were refined and cultured.

Thinking of such a thing like the public arena as one of his

borrowed notions by which his barbarism had become semified,

the king intended to make the minds of his subjects refined and

cultured by exhibition of manly and beastly valor.

man was subject to no guidance or influence but that

of the aforementioned impartial and incorruptible chance.

The man was not guided or influenced by anyone or

anything except the aforementioned impartial and incorruptible

chance.

element of uncertainty lent an interest to the occasion

which it could not otherwise have attained.

The occasion was made more interesting just for this element

of uncertainty, which it could not be otherwise.

III. Translate the following into English

1. 国王这种主持正义的方式很受欢迎。当人们在大审判的日子聚集在一起的时候，他们从来无法知道将要目睹的会是一场血腥大屠杀，还是一个欢乐的婚礼。这种莫测的因素使人们对审判颇有兴致。这种兴致是在其他场合无处可觅的。因此，广大老百姓得以娱乐，得以满足，而那些有独到见解的人也无法指责这个裁决方式不公平，因为被告不是把其命运掌握在自己的手上吗？

1. The institution was a very popular one. When the people,

gathered together on one of the great trial days they never knew

whether they were to witness a bloody a slaughter or a hilarious

wedding. This element of uncertainty lent an interest to the

occasion which it could not otherwise have attained. Thus the

masses were entertained and pleased, and the thinking part of

the community could bring no charge of unfairness against this

plan; for did not the accused person have the whole matter in his

own hands?

2．当某个臣民被控之罪足以引起国王的兴趣时，就会发出公告，写明该被告将于某个指定的日子在国王的竞技场内被决定其命运——这个“国王的竞技场”的确名不虚传，因为，尽管其形式和设计均出自远方，其用途则完全出自他这个人的头脑，因为他，一个至高无上的国王，从来无视传统，只顾满足于实现自己那古怪离奇的思想，并且把他那不断膨胀的野性的理想主义移植到其所采用的所有的思维和行动方式上。

2. When a subject was accused of a crime of sufficient

importance to interest the king, public notice was given that on

an appointed day the fate of the accused person would be

decided in the king?s arena --- a structure which well deserved

its name; although its form and plan were borrowed from afar, its

purpose emanated solely from the brain of

this man, who, every barleycorn a king, knew no tradition to

which he owed more allegiance than pleased his fancy, and who

ingrafted on every adopted form of human thought and action

the rich growth of his barbaric idealism.

3．很久很久以前，有一位半开化的国王。他的怪异思想虽然因为受到遥远的拉丁民族的进步文明的影响而多少有所改进，但依然是根深蒂固，野性十足，不受约束，于是成为他身上那一半野蛮性格的不可分割的组成部分。他这个人满脑子古怪念头，而且非常专横，他随心所欲地把自己各种古怪念头变为现实。

3. In the very olden time there lived a semi-barbaric king,

whose ideas, though somewhat polished and sharpened by the

progressiveness of distant Latin neighbors, were still large, florid,

and untrammeled, as became the half of him which was barbaric.

He was a man of exuberant fancy, and, withal, of an authority so

irresistible …that, at his will, he turned his varied fancies into facts.

4．但是，即使在这里，国王的那丰富的野性的想象力依然生机勃勃地得到体现。他建造这个竞技场的意图，并非是让人们有机会听到垂死的格斗士们那悲哀的惨叫声，也并非是让他们目睹宗教观念与饿兽之间冲突的必然结局，而是要实现远为崇高的理想：即增强与发展人民的精神力量。这个巨大的圆形竞技场，四周有环绕的看台，其中还有神秘的暗室与暗道，是主持正义的完美场所，在这里罪恶受到惩罚，美德受到褒扬，国王为此而颁布的法令给人以公正而严明的机会。

4. But even here the exuberant and barbaric fancy asserted

itself. The arena of the king was built, not to give the people an

opportunity of hearing the rhapsodies of dying gladiators, nor to

enable them to view the inevitable conclusion of a conflict

between religious opinions and hungry jaws, but for purposes far

better adapted to widen and develop the mental energies of the

people. The vast amphitheater, with its encircling galleries, its

mysterious vaults, and its unseen passages, was an agent of

poetic justice, in which crime was punished, or virtue rewarded,

by the decrees of an impartial and incorruptible chance.

5．他一向独断专行，当他自己决定了某件事时，这件事就要执行。在他的臣民都循规蹈矩的按照他的意志来行事时，他性情和蔼可亲；但是每当出现一些小小的麻烦，他的臣民行为越轨时，他会变得更为和蔼可亲，因为没有什么事情能比打抱不平，维护公正更令他高兴的了。

5. He was greatly given to self-communing; and, when he and

himself agreed upon anything, the thing was done. When every

member of his domestic and political systems moved smoothly

in its appointed course, his nature was bland and genial; but

whenever there was a little hitch, and some of his orbs got out of

their orbits, he was blander and more genial still, for nothing

pleased him so much as to make the crooked straight, and crush

down uneven places.

IV. Cloze

But even here the exuberant and barbaric fancy asserted

itself. The arena of the king was built, not to give the people an

(1)o of hearing the rhapsodies of dying gladiators, nor to (2)e

them to view the inevitable conclusion of a conflict (3)b religious

opinions and hungry jaws, but (4)f purposes far better adapted

(5)t widen and develop the mental energies of the (6)p . The vast

amphitheater, (7)w its encircling galleries, its mysterious vaults,

and its unseen passages, was an agent of poetic (8)j , in which

crime was (9)p , or virtue rewarded, by the decrees of an impartial

and incorruptible (10)c .

When a subject was accused of a crime of sufficient

importance to interest the king, public notice was given (11)t on

an appointed day the fate of the (12)a person would be decided

in the king?s arena --- a structure which well (13)d its name;

although its form and plan were (14)b from afar, its purpose

emanated solely (15)f___ the brain of this man, who, every

barleycorn a king, knew no tradition to (16)w he owed more

allegiance (17)t pleased his fancy, and (18)w ingrafted on every

adopted (19)f of human thought and action (20)t rich growth of

his barbaric idealism.

The institution was a very popular one. When the (21)p

gathered together on one of the great trial (22)d they never knew

whether they were to (23)w a bloody a slaughter or a hilarious

wedding. This element of uncertainty

(24)l an interest to the occasion (25)w it could not (26)o have

attained. Thus the (27)m were

entertained and pleased, and the thinking part of the

community (28)c bring no charge of unfairness (29)a

this plan; for did not the accused person have the whole

(30)m ___ in his own hands?

(1)opportunity (2)enable (3)between (4)for (5)to

(6)people (7)with (8)justice (9)punished (10)chance

(11)that (12)accused (13)deserved (14)borrowed (15)from

(16)whom (17)than (18)who (19)form (20)the

(21)people (22)days (23)witness (24)lent (25)which

(26)otherwise (27)masses (28)could (29)against (30)matter

Unit Five

TEXT I

THE LADY, OR THE TIGER?

I. Paraphrase the parts underlined in the following:

This semi-barbaric king had a daughter as blooming as his

most florid fancies, and with a soul as 1fervent and

imperious as his own.

This 2royal maiden was well satisfied with her lover, for he

was handsome and brave to a degree unsurpassed in all this

kingdom; and she loved him with an 3ardor that had enough

of barbarism in it to make it exceedingly warm and strong.

This love affair moved on happily for many months, until one

day the king happened to discover its existence. He did

not hesitate nor 4waver in regard to his duty in the premises.

Of course, everybody knew that the 5deed with which the

accused was charged had been done.

No matter how the affair turned out, the youth would be

disposed of; and the king would 6take an aesthetic pleasure in

watching the course of events, which would determine

whether or not the young man had done wrong in allowing

himself to love the princess.

The appointed day arrived. From far and near the people

gathered, and thronged the great galleries of the arena; and

Array crowds, unable to gain 7admittance, massed themselves

against its outside walls.

A door beneath the royal party opened, and the lover of the

princess walked into the arena. Tall, beautiful, fair, his

appearance was greeted with a low 8hum of admiration and

anxiety.

9Possessed of more power, influence, and force of character

than any one who had ever before been interested in such a case,

she had done what no other person had done — she had

10possessed herself of the secret of the doors.

It was one of the fairest and loveliest of the 11damsels of the

court who had been selected as the reward of the accused

youth, should he be proved innocent of the crime of

12aspiring to one so far above him; and the princess hated her.

When her lover turned and looked at her, and his eye met

hers as she sat there paler and whiter than any one in the vast

ocean of anxious faces about her, he saw, by that power of

quick perception which is given to those 13whose souls are

one, that she knew behind which door crouched the tiger,

and behind which stood the lady.

The more we reflect upon this question, the harder it is to

answer. It involves a study of the human heart which 14leads

us through devious mazes of passion, out of which it is

difficult to find our way. Think of it, fair reader, not as if the

decision of the question depended upon yourself, but upon

that hot-blooded, semi-barbaric princess, 15her soul at a

white heat beneath the combined fires of despair and

jealousy.

How often, in her waking hours and in her dreams, had she

16started in wild horror, and covered her face with her hands

as she thought of her lover opening the door on the other

side of which waited the cruel fangs of the tiger!

Would it not be better for him to die at once, and go to wait

for her in the 17blessed regions of semi-barbaric 18futurity?

And yet, that awful tiger, those shrieks, that blood!

Her decision had been 19indicated in an instant, but it had

been made after days and nights of 20anguished deliberation.

The question of her decision is one not to be lightly

considered, and it is not for me to 21presume to set myself up as

the

one person able to answer it.

I. Paraphrase

1. fervent and imperious as his own: strong and arrogant

2. royal maiden was well satisfied with her lover: princess

3. ardor that had enough of barbarism in it: eagerness

4. waver in regard to his duty in the premises: falter to

execute his power in his own territory

5. deed with which the accused was charged had been done:

romantic affair

6. take an aesthetic pleasure in watching the course of events:

enjoy watching with excitement

7. admittance: right of entrance

8. hum of admiration and anxiety: noise

9. Possessed of more power: With

10. possessed herself of the secret of the doors: managed to

get

damsels of the court: unmarried young women of

noble birth

12. aspiring to one so far above him: desiring earnestly

13. those whose souls are one: who understand each other

very well

14. lead us through devious mazes of passion: helps us get

rid of the control of the confusing feelings and emotions of

various kinds

soul was at a white heat beneath the combined fires

of despair and jealousy: she suffered badly from the torture of

despair and jealousy

often had she started in wild horror: been startled

the blessed regions: holy

18. futurity: future time

decision had been indicated in an instant: made clear

20. anguished deliberation: agonizing self-debating

21. presume to set myself up as the one person able to

answer it: suppose to regard myself

II. Rewrite the following

For each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as

close in meaning as possible to the original sentence by using

the given words as the beginning.

his courtiers was a young man of that fineness of

blood and lowness of station common to the conventional

heroes of romance who love royal maidens.

Like the conventional heroes of romance who love royal

maidens, a young man among_ the king?s courtiers was also one

of that fineness of blood and lowness of station.

loved him with an ardor that had enough of barbarism

in it to make it exceedingly warm and strong.

Her love for him appeared exceedingly warm and strong for

her ardor of enough barbarism

king did not hesitate nor waver in regard to his duty in

the premises.

The king was always impatient to exercise his authority in his

own domain

king would not think of allowing any fact of this kind

to interfere with the workings of the tribunal, in which he took

such great delight and satisfaction.

According to the king, any fact of this kind would never be

allowed to interfere with the workings of the tribunal in which he

took such great delight and satisfaction

involves a study of the human heart which leads us

through devious mazes of passion, out of which it is difficult to

find our way.

To study the human heart, we find it just something of

devious mazes of passion, out of which it is difficult to find our

way.

III. Translate the following into English

1.然而，更多地浮现在她脑海的是，他站在另一扇门前！在难熬的幻觉中，当她看到他打开少女的门时，脸上洋溢着狂喜的模样时，她气愤得咬牙切齿，撕扯头发。她看到他大步向前，迎接那面颊通红，喜气洋洋的女孩；她看到他拉着那个女孩儿，为自己命不该绝而狂喜；她听到在场的观众的欢呼声，和刺耳的庆贺钟声；她看到那牧师，捧着欢乐的花朵，向那对新人走去，当着她的面宣布他们结成合法夫妻，她还看到他和新娘手牵手，愉快的走在撒满鲜花的通道上，背后还跟着一大欢呼雀跃的观众，她那绝望的尖叫声也被欢呼声所淹没。此时此刻，她的精神上所受的情感煎熬是何等的痛苦啊！

1. But how much oftener had she seen him at the other door!

How in her grievous reveries had she gnashed her teeth, and torn

her hair, when she saw his start of rapturous delight as he opened

the door of the lady! How her soul had burned in agony when

she had seen him rush to meet that woman, with her flushing

cheek and sparkling eye of triumph; when she had seen him lead

her forth, his whole frame kindled with the joy of recovered life;

when she had heard the glad shouts from the multitude, and the

wild ringing of the happy bells; when she had seen the priest,

with his joyous followers, advance to the couple, and make them

man and wife before her very eyes; and when she had seen them

walk away together upon their path of flowers, followed by the

tremendous shouts of the hilarious multitude, in which her one

despairing shriek was lost and drowned!

2.这个爱情幸福地持续了好几个月，终于有一天被国王偶然察觉。国王当机立断，毫不犹豫地行使其管辖权，年轻人马上被投入监狱，同时，在国王的竞技场受审的日子也定了下来。这个当然是一个空前重要的日子，举国上下和国王陛下对这次审判的进展都甚感兴趣。这是一个前所未有的案例，从来没有哪个平民斗胆爱上国王的千金。虽然在若干年后这类事情已变得很平常，但是在当时仍然是新奇而令人吃惊的。

2. This love affair moved on happily for many months, until

one day the king happened to discover its existence. He did not

hesitate nor waver in regard to his duty in the premises. The

youth was immediately cast into prison, and a day was appointed

for his trial in the king?s arena. This, of course, was an especially

important occasio n; and his majesty as well as all the people,

was greatly interested in the workings and development of this

trial. Never before had such a case occurred; never before had a

subject dared to love the daughter of a king. In after-years such

things became commonplace enough; but then they were, in no

slight degree, novel and startling.

3．这个问题我们越是思考就越是难以解答。它涉及到对于人的心理研究，这种研究有助于我们通过复杂诱惑的感情迷宫。因为这些感情迷宫使人难以辨明方向，到出口。公正的读者，请设想一下，假如这个问题不是由你，而是由那位性格冲动而半野蛮的并受到绝望和

妒嫉的烈火双重煎熬的公主来做出决定，结果会怎么样呢？她已经失去了他，而又是谁会拥有他呢？

3. The more we reflect upon this question, the harder it is to

answer. It involves a study of the human heart which leads us

through devious mazes of passion, out of which it is difficult to

find our way. Think of it, fair reader, not as if the decision of the

question depended upon yourself, but upon that hot- blooded,

semi-barbaric princess, her soul at a white heat beneath the

combined fires of despair and jealousy. She had lost him, but who

should have him?

4．这个半开化的国王有个正处在豆蔻年华的女儿，其绝伦的美貌和他那异想天开的古怪念头一样令人难以形容，其狂野与蛮横与他如出一辙。自然，她是父亲的掌上明珠，国王爱她胜于一切。在他的朝臣中，有一个年轻人，他也像那些浪漫爱情故事里爱上公主的主人公一样，血统高贵，但地位卑微。这位公主对她的情人甚感满意，因为他英俊勇敢，在这个王国里无人能及。她狂热地爱着他，那充满野性的爱使她的热情超乎寻常的炽热。

4. This semi-barbaric king had a daughter as blooming as his

most florid fancies, and with a soul as fervent and imperious as

his own. As is usual in such cases, she was the apple of his eye,

and was loved by him above all humanity. Among his courtiers

was a young man of that fineness of blood and lowness of station

common; to the conventional heroes of romance who love royal

maidens. This royal maiden was well satisfied with her lover, for

he was handsome and brave to a degree unsurpassed in all this

kingdom; and she loved him with an ardor that had enough of

barbarism in it to make it exceedingly warm and strong.

IV. Cloze

This semi-barbaric king had a daughter as blooming as his

most florid (1)f , and with a soul as fervent and imperious as his

(2)o . As is usual in such cases, she was the (3)a of his eye, and

was loved by him above all humanity. (4)A his courtiers was a (5)y

man of that fineness of (6)b and lowness of station common to

the conventional (7)h of romance who love royal maidens. This

royal maiden was well satisfied with her lover, for he was (8)h and

brave to a degree unsurpassed in all this kingdom; and she loved

him (9)w an ardor that had enough of barbarism in it to

(10)m_____ it exceedingly warm and strong.

This love affair moved on happily for many months, (11)u

one day the king happened to (12)d its existence. He did not

hesitate nor waver in (13)r to his duty in the premises. The youth

(14)w immediately cast into prison, and a day was appointed (15)f

his trial in the king?s arena. This, of course, was an especially

important (16)o ; and his majesty as well as all the people, was

greatly (17)i in the workings and development of this trial. (18)N

before had such a case occurred; never before had a subject

dared to love the (19)d of a king. In after-years such things

(20)b___ commonplace enough; but then they were, in no slight

degree, novel and startling.

The more we reflect upon this question, the harder it is to

(21)a . It (22)i a study of the human heart which leads us (23)t

devious mazes of passion, out of which it is (24)d to find our way.

Think of it, fair reader, not as if the decision of the (25)q____

depended (26)u yourself, (27)b upon that hot-blooded, semi-barbaric princess, her soul at a white (28)h beneath the (29)c fires

of despair and jealousy. She had lost him, but who (30)s have him?

(1)fancies (2)own (3)apple (4)Among (5)young

(6)blood (7)heroes (8)handsome (9)with (10)make

(11)until (12)discover (13)regard (14)was (15)for

(16)occasion (17)interested (18)Never (19)daughter

(20)became

(21)answer

(25)question

(26)upon (27)but (28)heat (29)combined (30)should

(22)involves (23)through (24)difficult