音标中文谐音表
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国际音标(英语语音)中文谐音
[i:]
前元音
[i]
衣
[?:]
鹅~
[u]
唔
[ai]
[e]
碍 嘴张小点
[?]
鹅
[?:]
哦~
[?i]
[?]
衣~
[?]
阿
[u:]
唔~
[ei]
哎 嘴张大
点
单元音
中元音
后元音
元音
[?]
哦
[?u]
字母O的音
[a:]
啊~
[au]
傲 单词cow的尾音
开合
双元音
双元音
集中
双元音
字母A的音
[i?]
衣-饿
单词ear的音
[p]
单词boy的字母I的音
尾音
[ε?]
哎-饿
单词air的音
[t]
特
[d]
的
[s]
丝
[z]
子
[tr]
戳?
[dr]
捉
[n]
呢
[r]
略(元音前)
[u?]
乌-饿
单词sure的
尾音
[k]
克
[g]
各
[?]
西
[?]
衣
[ts]
次
[dz]
字
[?]
清辅音
爆破音
浊辅音
活泼(无)
[b]
搏斗(无)
[f]
[θ]
嘶 舌抵上齿
[e]
嗞 舌抵上齿
[h]
喝
清辅音
摩擦音
浊辅音
辅音
清辅音
破擦音
浊辅音
(浊辅音)
(浊辅音)
父
[v]
午
[t?]
吃
[d?]
知??
[m]
姆
[l]
勒(元音前);尔(词尾
鼻音
嗯~类似牛叫
舌则音
半元音
(浊辅音)
[w]
[j]
生活
叶子(无)
(无)
*清音,即全体清辅音;浊音,即全体元音和全体辅音
*[?]又叫长鼻音或者后鼻音
/i:/ bee/bi:/ feet/fi:t/ keep/ki:p/ key/ki:/ team/ti:m/ meet/mi:t/
/i/ it /it/ big/big/ city/siti/ give/giv/ sick/sik/
/e/ get/get/ best/best/ text/tekst/ help/help/
/?/ fat/f?t/ have/h?v/ cat/k?t/ back/b?k/ hat/h?t/
/a:/ laugh/la:f/ glass/gla:s/ half/ha:f/ farm/fa:m/ park/pa:k/
/ ?:/ horse/h?: s/ saw/s?:/ corn/k?:n/ course/k?:s/ salt/s?:t/
/ ? / dog/d?g/ pot/p?t/ cost/k?st/ what/w?t/ honest/′?nist/
/u:/ food/fu:d/ moon/mu:n/ rule/ru:l/ loose/lu:s/ noon/nu:n/
/u/ book/buk/ put/put/ good/gud/ would/wud/ could/kud/
/ ? / must/m?st/ does/d?z/ money/′m?ni/ ugly/′?gli/ come/k?m/
/?:/ nurse/n?:s/ bird/b?:d/ burn/b?:n/ turn/t?:n/ girl/g?:l/
/? / better/bet?/ never/nev?/ worker/w?:k?/ welcome/welk?m/
/ei/ may/mei/ name/neim/ game/geim/ eight/eit/ age/eid?/
/?u/ no/n?u/ home/h?um/ hope/h?up/ wrote/r?ut/ note/n?ut/ pose/p?uz/
/ai/ eye/ai/ time/taim/ buy/bai/ right/rait/ bike/baik/ kite/kait/
/au/ now/nau/ out/aut/ how/hau/ about/ ?′baut/ south/sauθ/ house/haus/
/?i/ boy/b?i/ toy/t?i/ noise/n?iz/ voice/v?is/ point/p?int/
/i?/ ear/i?/ near/ni?/ idea/ai′di?/ hear/hi?/ mere/mi?/ spear/spi?/
/ε?/ air/ε?/ tear/tε?/ care/kε?/ dare/dε?/ fair/fε?/ there/eε?/
/u?/ tour/tu?/ poor/pu?/ sure/?u?/ moor/mu?/(停泊) your/ju?/
/p/ pea/pi:/ pie/pai/ top/t?p/ cap/k?p/ people/pi:pl/ pride/praid/
/b/ bee/bi:/ by/bai/ buy/bai/ black/bl?k/ bear/bε?/
/t/ let/let/ sat/s?t/ feet/fi:t/ team/ti:m/ tide/taid/
/d/ led/led/ sad/s?d/ feed/fi:d/ do/du:/ dear/di?/
/k/ lack/l?k/ take/teik/ clock/kl?k/ class/kla:s/ weekend/′wi:kend/
/g/ big/big/ lag/l?g/ glass/gla:s/ gum/g?m/ good/gud/ guest/gest/
/f/ face/feis/ fast/fa:st/ leaf/li:f/ surf/s?:f/ favorite/′feiv?rit/
/v/ very/′veri/ five/faiv/ fever/′fi:v?/ serve/s?:v/ never/′nev?/
/θ/ bath/ba:θ/(v洗澡) thick/θik/ mouth/mauθ/ breath/breθ/(n呼吸)
/e/ the/ e?/ they/eei/ that/e?t/ mother/′m?e?/ thus/ e?s/ then/een/
/s/ face/feis/ mouse/maus/ cakes/keiks/ caps/k?ps/ likes/laiks/
/z/ close/kl?uz/ keys/ki:z/ boys/b?iz/ pens/penz/ halves/ha:vz/
/t?/ catch/k?t?/ cheep/t?i:p/ rich/rit?/ watch/wt?/ child/t?aild/
/d?/ orange/′?rid?/ large/la:d?/ juice/d?u:s/ job/d??b/
/tr/ tree/tri:/ try/trai/ true/tru:/ trouble/traubl/ track/tr?k/
/dr/ dry/drai/ dream/dri:m/ dress/dres/ drink/dri?k/ hundred/′h?ndrid/
/?/ she/?i:/ sharp/?a:p/ fish/fi?/ shock/??k/ shoe/?u:/
/?/ pleasure/′ple??/ measure/′me??/ television/′telivi??n/
/ts/ let′s/lets/ sports/sp?:ts/ puts/puts/ writes/raits/ seats/si:ts/
/dz/ hands/h?ndz/ birds/b?:dz/ friends/freindz/ beds/bedz/
/h/ he/ hi:/ hard/ha:d/ him/him/ heard/h?:d/ half/ha:f/
/l/ like/laik/ late/leit/ learn/l?:n/ lead/li:d/ light/lait/
/m/ my/mai/ more/m?:/ seem/si:m/ meat/mi:t/ mind/maind/ men/men/
/n/ nice/nais/ wind/waind/ mind/maind/ rain/rein/ fine/fain/
/?/ sing/si?/ wing/wi?/ ring/ri?/ long/l??/ beautiful/bju:t?fl/
/j/ you/ju:/ few/fju:/ yard/ja:d/ music/′mju:zik/ student/′stju:dnt/
/w/ work/w?:k/ way/wei/ well/wel/ what/w?t/ twelve/twelv/ twin/twin/
/r/ red/red/ road/r?ud/ write/rait/ wrong/r??/ problem/′pr?bl?m/
附:常见的字母与字母组合发音规则
元音字母及元音字母组合拼读规则
元音字母的发音
元音字母a
重读开音节 [ei] paper ; late ; make ; lake ; face
重读闭音节 [?] bag ; fat ; cat ; ladder ; mass
(*例外:any一些[e] ;many许多[e])
非重读音节 [?]或[i]
即:[?]—— ago ; along ; among ; above ; aloud
[i]—— comrade ; village ; manager ; palace ; private ;necklace
*连续相同的辅音(字母),一般只发一个音,而且归属
后一个音节段。如上的ladder,village .
4.在字母w或wh后面 ,发[?] was ; wash ; what ; want ;
(*例外:water水[?:])
5.a在诸如-ance;-ask;-ass;-ast;-ath组合里,重读时均发[a:]
即:dance ;France ; chance
ask ;mask ;task ;basket
class ;grass ;glass ;pass ;——(*例外:mass[?])
fast ;cast ;past ;last ;master ;
father ;path ;bath ;——(*例外:maths[?])
(二)元音字母e
1.重读开音节 [i:] me ;he ;she ;these ;evening
2.重读闭音节 [e] hen ;get ; set ;tell ; echo
3.非重读音节 [i] useless ;ticket ;basket ;pocket ;before ;below ;
(三)元音字母i或y
1.重读开音节 [ai] China ; try ; my ; hi ; time ; guide ;
2.重读闭音节 [i] sit ; hit ; ill ; little ; system ;
3.非重读音节 [i] unit ;study
(四)元音字母o
1.重读开音节 [?u] no ; so ; go ; home ; photo ;
2.重读闭音节 [?] not ; hot ; box ; fox ; cock ; cost ;
3.非重读音节 [?] purpose ; concern
4.o在字母m,n,v或th之前,均发[?]
son ; month ; come ; ton ; (*例外:Tom[?])
love ; dove ; glove ; above ; another
mother ; brother ; become ; some
5.两个单词:woman[‘wu-m?n]女人(单数) ; women[‘wi-min]女人(复数)
(五)元音字母u
1.重读开音节 [ju:] pupil ; student ; use ; cube
2.重读闭音节 [?]或[u]
即:[?]——cut ; luck ; umbrella ; us
[u]——put ; full ; pull
非重读音节 [?] autumn ;August ; support
●元音字母组合的拼读规则
(一)元音字母a的字母组合
或ay在重读音节中 [ei] rain ; train ; brain ; pain
day ; may ; play ; stay ; lay
*ay在非重读音里[i]或[ei] Sunday ; Monday ; Tuesday ; Thursday ; Friday
+绝大多数辅音字母 [?:] small ; wall ; call ; talk ; walk ;chalk
或[?: l] also ; always
*al后面是k时,只发[?:]
al+f或m时,al发[a:] half ; calm
-al在词尾非重读[(?)l] medal ; metal ; (例外canal运河,重音在后[?l])
3.-ance在重读时[a: ns] chance ; dance ; France
在非重读时[?ns] importance ;performance ;ambulance
4.-ant非重读[?nt] assistant ; important ;peasant
5.-ange一般[eind?] change ; danger ; strange ;(*但orange [ind?])
6.-age 一般[id?] village ; carriage ; marriage
7.-ask一般重读时[a: sk] ask ; mask ; task ;basket
8.-ass一般重读时[a: s] class ; glass ; grass ; pass ; (*但mass[?])
9.-ast一般重读时[a: st] last ; past ; fast ; cast
-aste一般[eist] waste ; paste ; taste
10.-ath一般[a: θ] bath ; path ; (*但maths[?θ])
或[a: e] father ; rather ; (*但gather[?e])
11.-au一般[?:] cause ; autumn ;August ; (*但because[?])
-augh(t) [?: (t)] caught ; taught ; daughter
(*例外:laugh[l a: f])
12.-aw [?:] draw ; saw ; law ; awful
13.a在字母w或wh后面,a发[?]
was ; wash ; want ; what ; (*但water[?:])
14.-ar 重读音时[a:] party ; car ; farm ; army ; yard ; hard ; star
在字母w或音[w]后面时 [?:] war ; warm ; warn ;towards ; *quarter
在非重读音时[-?] beggar ; dollar ; solar
15.-are一般[-ε?] hare ; bare ; dare ; stare ; rare ; care ; parent
16.-air一般[-ε?] chair ; fair ; hair ; pair ; stair ; repair
17.-able 一般[eibl] able ; cable ; table ; stable
(二)元音字母e的组合
1.-ea重读音节有四个音,分别是下列:
-ea[i:] team ; meat ; lead ; teach ; read ; mean ; please ; steal
-ea[e] threat ; bread ; meant ; read(过去式和过去分词) ; peasant
-ea[i?] real ; really
-ea[ei] great ; break
2.-ee[i:] feel ; week ; keep ; three ; steel ; street ; sweep ; see
*但是一个例外:coffee[i]
3.-eer[i?] deer ; pioneer ; engineer ; volunteer
4.-er重读音节[?:] her ; term ; service ; Germany
非重读[?] worker ; paper ; western ; teacher
特殊读法[a:] clerk
5.-ere [i?] here ; mere
-ere 或者发[ε?] there ; where
6.-ear 有三种音,分别是:
-ear [i?] ear ; dear ; near ; clear ; tear (n.) ; beard
-ear [?:] early ; earth ; learn ; heard
-ear [a:] heart
* tear作为动词时,发[ε?]
7.-ei [ei] eight ; weigh ; weight
-ei [ai] height
-ei [i:] receive
8.-ey重读[ei] they ; hey ; survey
-ey重读[i:] key
-ey非重读[i] monkey ; donkey ; valley ; volleyball
*-et非重读[it] pocket ; ticket ; rocket
9.-ew 一般[ju:] new ; few ; knew
-ew 或者发[u:] grew ; threw
-ew还可以发[?u] sew
10.-ege [id?] college
11.-est [i s t] biggest ; modest ; happiest;
12.词尾的-ed在浊音后[d] lived ; studied
-ed在清音后[t] worked ; finished
-ed在字母t或d后[id] wanted ; needed
(三)元音字母i或y的组合
1.-ie在重读音节中,或在辅音字母前,发[i:] field ; piece ; achieve
-ie在词尾[ai] lie ; die ; tie
2.-igh(t)在重读音节[ai(t)] high ; night ; light ; bright
3.-ir在重读音节[?:] girl ; firm ; circle ; first ; third
4.-ire在重读音节[‘ai?] fire ; tired ; hire ; retired ; wire
5.-ild [aild] child ; wild
6.-ind [aind] find ; kind ; mind ; wind ; (*但window[ind])
7.-ing [i?] king ; wing ; sing ; doing ; making
8.-(a)tion [(ei) ?n] nation ; pronunciation ; information ;composition
-stion [t?n] question
-sion [?n]或[?n] mission使命 ; precision精密
9.-ye在词尾[ai] good-bye ; bye-bye
10.-ist[i s t] list ; fist ;
(四)元音字母o的组合
1.-oa在重音时[?u] boat ; coat ; road ; goat ; toad
-oar在重音时[?:] blackboard ; aboard
2.-oi,-oy在重音时[?i] boiler ; point ; join ; oil
boy ; toy ; joy ; loyal
3.-oo一般[u:] soon ; too ; zoo ; room ; noon ; food ; mood ; boot ; moon
*单词room和其他名词构成合成词时,常发短音。如classroom[u]…等等。
在字母k或有时在t,d之前时[u] cook ; look ; book ; took ; foot ; good ;
4.-or在重音时[?:] for ; horse ; important ; morning ; born
-or在字母w后面[?:] work ; word ; world ; worse ; worth
(*但是wore ,worn例外,均发[?:])
-or在非重音时[?] monitor ; doctor ; professor ; forget ;
forwards ; forgive ; conductor
5.-oar一般[?:] board ; aboard; blackboard
6.-oor一般[?:]或在美式英语里发[? ?] door ; floor
-oor 还发[u?] poor
7.-ore在重音时[?:] snore ; more ; before ; foreign; forest
8.-ou一般[au] shout ; loud ; round ; found
-ou还发[?] country ; countryside ;trouble
-ou 还发[u:] wound ; wounded
9.-ough(t)发[?:( t)] ought ; brought ; bought ; fought ; thought
(*例外:cough[k ? f])
10.-oe[?u] toe ; hoe ; Joe
11.-old[?u l d] old ; hold ; cold ; told
12.-ost[?u s t] post ; most ; host ; ghost (*例外cost[? s t])
13.-our在重音时[au] sour ; our ; hour ;
还发[?:] four ; course ; pour
还发[u?] tour ; gourd
-our 在词尾(非重音)[ ?] colour ; neighbour ; favourite
14.-ow在重音时[au] now ; cow ; down ; how ; town
-ow在重音或非重音中[?u] low ; yellow ; below ; follow ; grow
tomorrow ; window ; widow ; know ; show
(五)元音字母u的组合
1.-u在字母ll或sh之前,或者在字母b,p或f之后,均发[u]
如:full ; bull ; pull ; push ; bush
字母l,r或j+u构成的开音节,u发[u:] rule ; true ; blue ; June
2.-ue在词尾[ju:] argue ; continue
3.-ui在字母j或r后面时,发[u:] fruit ; juice
-ui在字母b或g后面,或者紧接重音节后面的一个音节时发[i]
如: build ; guilty ; biscuit
(*即就是说字母u不发音)
4.-ur在重音时[?:] turn ; return ; Thursday ; nurse ; purse
在非重音时[?] surprise ; Saturday
-ure在重音时[(j) u?] pure[ju?] ; manure[ju?] ; sure[u?]
- ture发[t??] picture ; future ; mixture
(II) ●辅音字母及辅音字母组合的拼读规则
辅音字母一般都发字母本身音,只有一些是特殊的,下面试列举如下:
1.b在一般情况下[b] back ; big ; lab ; brother
b和u在一起,u常发[i] building; build ; busy
-bt一般[t] debt ; doubt
2.c在字母e,i或y前面时[s] city ; Bruce ; juice ; bicycle ;face ; central
c在字母a,o或u,或者在辅音字母前[k] cup ; cold ; cattle ; duck ;
bicycle ; cap ; cut ; class ;
c在词尾时也发[k],但后面有e,那还发[s] gymnastic[k] ; music[k]
grace[s] ; Bruce[s]
-cc在元音字母a,o,u和辅音字母之前[k] occasion ; according ; occupy ; acclaim
在元音字母e和i之前[ks] accent ; success
-ci有时发[?] social
-ch 有三种音[t?][ k]或[?] 如下:
[t?] China ; rich ; chick ; chalk
[k] school ; chemist ; chemistry ; chemical ; ache ; technology
[?] machine ; parachute ; moustache
-tch[t?] catch ; match ; fetch ; hatch ; butcher
-ck[k] duck ; luck ; ticket ; pocket ; black ; cock
3.d在一般情况下[d] did ; made ; desk ; duck ; doubt ; damage
-ds发[dz] birds ; hands
dr在元音字母前[dr] dry ; dress ; driver ; drill
-dge一般[d?] bridge ; fridge ; judge ; edge
4.f在一般情况下[f] five ; flag ; life ; leaf
5.g在字母e,i或y前面[d?] large ; general ; gymnastics ; age ; energy
*例外:give ; forgive ; get ; forget等,g都发[g]
在字母a,o或u,或者在辅音字母前[g] goat ; game ; guard ; ghost ; glass
在词尾也发[g] big ; egg ; fig ; flag
-gn[n],即g不发音 foreign ; sign ; gnaw
-gh发[f]或[-](*既不发音) [-] high ; thought ; light ; brought
[f] laugh ; cough
-dge发[d?] bridge ; knowledge ; judge
*gue-,gua-和gui-在词首时一般u都不发音 guess ; guest ; guard ; guide
而-gue在词尾发[g] league ; colleague
6.h在一般情况下[h] help ; behave ; hello ; hit ; hurry
h在字母r或x后面不发音 rhino ; exhibition
7.j在一般情况下[d?] joy ; judge ; injure ; journey ; January ; jar ; just
8.k在一般情况下[k] king ; milk ; kick ; kiss ; lock ; knock
k后面是n时,k不发音,即kn发[n] knock ; knee ; know ; knowledge ; knife
9.l在元音字母前发[l](*即“勒”音,供参考) light ;look ; let ; lab ; live
l在辅音字母或词尾时发[l](*即“尔”音,供参考) cold ;sell ; chalk
10.m在一般情况下[m] meet ; meat ; mother ; come ; make ; Tom
m后面是b时,b不发音,即-mb发[m] comb ; tomb ; climb ; bomber
11.n在一般情况下[n] in ; now ; next ; ton ; nest
n在m后面时,n常不发音,即-mn发[m] autumn ; column
但后面有后缀或构成合成词,则n还要发音的 autumnal ; columnist
-ng常发[?]或[?g] 发[?] sing ; king ; English ;young
发 [?g] finger ;younger ; language
-nk常发[?k] bank ; sink ; sank ; sunk ; ink ; thank
12.p在一般情况下[p] map ; cap ; people ; pest
-ph[f] photo ; phantom ; philosophy ; physics ; phrase
在一般情况下[k] unique ; cheque
qu一般发[k w] quarter ; quick ; quilt ; quiet ; quite ; queen
14.r在元音字母前才发音[r](*即音同“略”供参考) room ;read ; rest ; around
r在辅音字母或词尾前,一般不发音 car ; star ; jar
rh在元音字母前只发[r] rhyme ; rhino ; rhetoric
15.s在词首和词尾、清辅音之前或之后,或者在词尾同时在短元音之后,一般发[s]
如:see ; some ; set ; sister ; works ; lips ; newspaper ; yes ; this
注:一条发音习惯,欧美人在发[s]音后面的清辅音时,习惯上把该清辅音发成相对应的浊辅音(而书写音标的时候,还是写成清辅音),试举例如下:
如:school---音标[s k u: l],而习惯念成[s g u: l]
street---音标[s tr i: t],而习惯念成[s dr i: t]
stubborn---音标[‘s t ? b n],而习惯念成[‘s d ? b n]
student---音标[‘s t j u: d ? n t],而习惯念成[‘s d j u: d ? n t]
space---音标[s p ei s],而习惯念成[s b ei s]
steal---音标[s t i: l],而习惯念成[s d i: l]
就是这样,像这样的单词还有很多。这里只列举这么多了。
s在两个元音之间或者在浊辅音和元音之间时,发[z]
如:these ; nose ; lose ; rise ; wisdom ; observe
词尾的s在浊辅音或元音之后(即在浊音之后),发[z]
如:pigs ; plays ; flags ; eggs ; toys ; boys
词尾的s在长元音之后,发[z] hers ; yours
s还可以发[?] sure ; Russia
-sh一般发[?] sheep ; ship ; wish ; show ; shift ; fish
-sch一般情况下[s k] school ; scheme(计划)
-sion一般情况下[? n] tension ; succession
在元音字母后[? n] decision ; conclusion
-sure在元音字母后[? ?] measure ; pleasure
16..t在一般情况下[t] tooth ; cat ; teach ; tool ; hit
cut ; let ; ten ; table ; taste ;
-th一般发[θ]或[e],即发[θ] thin ; tooth ; youth ; think ; thigh
发[e] that ; with ; this ; these ; those
-tr[tr] try ; trust ; trip ; trouble ; tree ; street
-tion[? n]information ; organization ; pronunciation ; production
(*一个例外:question[t? n])
-ture[t? ?] picture ; mixture ; future
17.v在一般情况下[v] very ; live ; vehicle ; vase ; valley ; village
18.w在元音字母之前[w] wear ; window ; widow ; week ; weak ; wisdom
wr[r] write ; wrong ; wrist ; written
wh[h] who ; whom ; whose ; whole
wh[w] what ; which ; when ; where ; why
aw[?:] draw ; saw ; law ; lawyer ; awful
ew[j u:] few ; threw ; grew ; knew ; new
ow[?u] own ; owner ; low ; slow ; know ; below
ow[au] now ; cow ; crown
19.x在一般情况下[ks] box ; fox ; next ; textile
位于元音字母之前且重音落在后一个音节上时,发[gz] exam ; exist ; anxiety
20.y在元音字母之前[j] you ; youth ; yes ; young
21.z在一般情况下[z] zoo ; quiz ; zebra ; zero ; zipper
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