ever用法

多数英语学习者见到词尾带-ever的单词就习惯性地将其译成"无论……"，其实这种做法在很多情况下是行不通的，因为那只是这类单词的用法之一，除此之外此类单词还有其他一些用法值得英语学习者注意。因这类单词在阅读和测试中出现频率较高，而在不同语境中其用法和含义却不尽相同。在近三年的全国英语四级试题中每年都有一道涉及-ever用法的试题：

1) We agreed to accept _________ they thought was the best

tourist guide.

A) whatever B)whomever C)whichever D)whoever

2)_________ difficulties we may come across, we'll help one

another to overcome them.

A)Wherever B)Whatever C)However D)Whenever

3)They always give the vacant seats to _________ comes first.

A)whoever B)whomever C)who D)whom

在第2)题中,whatever意为"无论什么"引导状语从句；而在第1)和第3)题中，who- ever意为"the person who或anyone who"，用来引导宾语从句。

这类由"特殊疑问词＋ever"构成的单词有：whatever, whichever,

whoever, wherever, whenever, however. 现将它们的用法归纳如下：

1.引导让步状语从句:这也是这类单词最常见的用法，一般译为"无论……"。如：

Keep calm , whatever happens.(无论什么)

Whoever you are, you can't pass this way. (无论谁)

I will find her wherever she may be.(无论在哪里)

Come and see me whenever you want to.(无论何时)

However frightened you may be yourself, you must remain

outwardly calm.(无论怎样)

er,whoever,whichever引导名词性从句

1)whatever起双重作用，相当于"anything that"或"hat"，可引导主语从句和宾语从句。

①可以将其看成兼为先行词的关系代词，相当于"anything that"，在从句中作主语或宾语。如：

Whatever I have is at your service.(引导主语从句，在从句中作宾语)

Prisoners have to eat whatever they're given.(引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语)

I'll just say whatever comes into my mind.(引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语)

②可以将其看成兼为先行词的关系代词，相当于"hat,在从句中作定语。如：

She would tell him whatever news she got.(＝any news that)

Whatever measures are adopted must be consistent with the

rules.(＝any measures that)

2)whoever起双重作用，相当于"anyone who",可引导主语从句和宾语从句。前面提到的2000年1月和2002年12月的两道四级试题均属于此种用法。又如：

I will give my ticket to whoever wants it.(引导宾语从句)

Whoever gets the job will have a lot of work to do.(引导主语从句)

3)whichever引导主语从句或宾语从句，译为"无论哪一个"。如：

Whichever of you comes in first will receive a prize.(引导主语从句)

I will take whichever fits the sockets.(引导宾语从句)

在英语学习中，无论是阅读文章，还是做题都要看清语境，结合上下文来确定单词的含义。不能只记住这类单词"无论……"的意思并将其运用于各种场合。请做下面的练习来巩固一下上面讲的。

Exercises：

1)_________ makes mistakes must correct them.

A) Whomever B) Whichever C)Whoever D)Whatever

2) You can take _________ seat you like.

A ) wherever B)whichever C)whomever D)whenever

3) College students are free to study _________ interests

them.

A) wherever B)whichever C)whenever D)whatever

4) Free movie tickets will be given to _________ comes first.

A)whoever B)whomever C)whosever D)however

5)You don't have to worry, since no one will notice _________

you do.

A)whichever B)whatever C)however D)whenever

6)Does British foreign policy remain the same,_________ is in

power?

A) that party B) whose party C)whichever party D)whatever

party

7)Air is all around us._________ we are on the earth, we are

surrounded by air.

A) Wherever B) Whatever C)However D)Whenever

8) _________ hard he tries, he never seems able to do the work

satisfactorily.

A) Wherever B) Whatever C) Whenever D)However

9) I'll go to the theatre _________ I get the chance.

A) wherever B)whatever C)whenever D)however

10)_________ plan you adopt, you will encounter difficulties.

A) Wherever B)Whichever C)Whenever D)Whoever

参考答案: 1)-5) C) B) D) A) B) 6)-10)C) A) D) C) B)

1._____ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.

2._____ we think deserves the award will certainly get it.

3. He feels sure that ______ wins the election will have the support of

both parties.

4.______ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.

5. As to triathlon（三项全能）,_______ gains the most points in every

event wins the game.

6.______will take part in the physics contest will be announced at

tomorrow's meeting.

A. who B. whoever