高考英语江苏专二轮复习专题限时检测(二十一)阅读理解C篇专练(二

高考英语江苏专二轮复习专题限时检测（二十一）阅读理解C篇专练（二）Word含解析

专题限时检测(二十一)阅读理解C篇专练(二)

(共3篇，限时24分钟)

A

(2018·镇江高三一模)Most of us are already aware of the direct

effect we have on our friends and family. But we rarely consider

that everything we think, feel, do, or say can spread far beyond

the people we know. Conversely (相反地), our friends and family

serve as conduits (渠道) for us to be influenced by hundreds or

even thousands of other people. In a kind of social chain reaction,

we can be deeply affected by events we do not witness that

happen to people we do not know. As part of a social network,

we go beyond ourselves, for good or ill, and become a part of

something much larger.

Our connectedness carries with it fundamental implications

(影响) for the way we understand the human condition. Social

networks have value precisely because they can help us to

achieve what we could not achieve on our own. Yet, social-network effects are not always positive. Depression, obesity,

financial panic, and violence also spread. Social networks, it turns

out, tend to magnify (放大) whatever they are seeded with.

Partly for this reason, social networks are creative. And what

these networks create does not belong to any one individual —

it is shared by all those in the network. In this way, a social

network is like a commonly owned forest: we all stand to benefit

from it, but we also must work together to ensure it remains

healthy and productive. While social networks are fundamentally

and distinctively human, and can be seen everywhere, they

should not be taken for granted.

If you are happier or richer or healthier than others, it may

have a lot to do with where you happen to be in the network,

even if you cannot recognize your own location. And it may have

a lot to do with the overall structure of the network, even if you

cannot control that structure at all. And in some cases, the

process feeds back to the network itself. A person with many

friends may become rich and then attract even more friends. This

rich-get-richer dynamic means social networks can dramatically

reinforce two different kinds of inequality in our society:

situational inequality and positional inequality.

Lawmakers have not yet considered the consequences of

positional inequality. Still, understanding the way we are

connected is an essential step in creating a more just society and

in carrying out public policies affecting everything from public

health to the economy. We might be better off vaccinating (接种疫苗) centrally located individuals rather than weak individuals.

We might be better off helping interconnected groups of people

to avoid criminal behavior rather than preventing or punishing

crimes one at a time.

If we want to understand how society works, we need to fill

in the missing links between

individuals. We need to understand how interconnections

and interactions between people give rise to wholly new aspects

of human experience that are not present in the individuals

themselves. If we do not understand social networks, we cannot

hope to fully understand either ourselves or the world we inhabit.

语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文，主要论述了人际关系和社会网络的重要性。

1．What can be inferred from the first paragraph?

A．We can't be easily affected by strangers.

B．We are connected and form a social network.

C．We have negative effects on other social members.

D．We will not make a difference in a specific group.

解析：选B推理判断题。根据第一段的内容，尤其是最后一句“As part of a social network, we go beyond ourselves, for good

or ill, and become a part of something much larger.”可推知，人与人之间是相互联系、相互影响的，形成了一个社会网络。

2．Why is a social network like a commonly owned forest?

A．Because it remains healthy and productive.

B．Because it tends to magnify negative things.

C．Because it is creative and shared by people in the whole

society.

D．Because what it creates can be enjoyed by everyone in

the network.

解析：选D细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“And what these

networks create does not belong to any one individual — it is

shared by all those in the network.”可知，这种网络创造出来的产品并不属于任何个人，是整个网络里面的人所共享的。

3．We can learn from Paragraph 4 that ________.

A．whether we are richer depends on the number of friends

we make

B．the wealth we possess has nothing to do with individual

continuous efforts

C．sometimes our success may be largely due to our

position in social networks

D．we won't succeed unless we fully control the overall

structure of the network

解析：选C推理判断题。由第四段第一句“If you are happier or

richer or healthier than others, it may have a lot to do with where

you happen to be in the network, even if you cannot recognize

your own location.”可知，你的成功与你所处的社交网有很大的关系。

4．What's the author's purpose in writing the passage?

A．To introduce the characteristics of social networks.

B．To urge people to understand how our society works.

C．To show the significance of understanding social

networks.

D．To explain the possible consequences of ignoring social

networks.

解析：选C写作目的题。通读全文，尤其是文章最后一句可知，作者写作本文主要是为了了解社会关系网的重要性，所以选C。

B

(2018·南京三模)There are plenty of good reasons for a young

person to choose to go to university: intellectual growth, career

opportunities, having fun. Around half of school-leavers in the

rich world now do so, and the share is rising in poorer countries,

too.

Governments are keen on higher education, seeing it as a

means to increase social mobility and economic growth. But they

tend to overestimate the benefits and ignore the costs of

expanding university education. Often, public money just feeds

the arms race for qualifications.

As more young people seek degrees, the returns both to

them and to governments are lower. Employers demand degrees

for jobs that never required them in the past and have not

become more demanding since. In a desperate attempt to stand

out, students are studying even longer, and delaying work, to

obtain master's degrees.

Spending on universities is usually justified by the“graduate

premium” — the increase in earnings that graduates enjoy over

non-graduates. These individual gains, the thinking goes, add up

to an economic increase for society as a whole. But the graduate

premium is a flawed unit of calculating. Part of the usefulness of

a degree is that it gives a graduate jobseeker an advantage at the

expense of non-graduates. It is also a signal to employers of

general qualities, such as intelligence and diligence that

someone already has in order to get into a university. Some

professions require qualifications. But a degree is not always the

best measure of the skills and knowledge needed for a job. With

degrees so common, recruiters are using them as a simple way

to evaluate applicants. Non-graduates are thus increasingly

locked out of nice work.

In any case, the premium counts only the winners and not

the losers. Across the rich world, a third of university students

never graduate. It is the weakest students who are drawn in as

higher education expands and who are most likely to drop out.

They pay fees and sacrifice earnings to study, but see little

increase in their future incomes. When dropouts are included, the

expected financial return to starting a degree for the weakest

students shrinks to almost nothing. Many school-leavers are

being misled about the probable value of university.

Governments need to offer the young a wider range of

options after school. They should start by rethinking their own

hiring practices. Most insist on degrees for public-sector jobs

that used to be done by non-graduates, including nursing,

primary-school teaching and many civil-service posts. Instead,

they should seek other ways for non-graduates to prove

they have the right skills and to get more on-the-job training.

School-leavers should be given a wider variety of ways to

gain job skills and to demonstrate their employability in the

private sector. If school qualifications were made more strict,

employers would be more likely to trust them as signals of ability,

and less insistent on degrees. Universities should grant credits to

dropouts for the parts of courses they have completed. They

could also open their exams to anyone who wants to take them,

and award degrees to those who succeed.

Such measures would be more efficient at developing the

skills that increase productivity and should save public money. To

promote social mobility, governments would do better to direct

funds to early-school education and to helping students who

would benefit from university but cannot afford it. Y oung people,

both rich and poor, are ill-served by the arms race in academic

qualifications, in which each must study longer because that is

what all the rest are doing. It is time to disarm.

语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文，主要阐述了“学历过度装备”的危害和影响。

5．How does the author consider higher education?

A．It's a good way to raise students' social status.

B．It definitely benefits the development of economy.

C．It will amply reward individuals and governments.

D．It's a waste of money for some students and taxpayers.

解析：选D推理判断题。根据第三段的内容可知越来越多的学生在追求高学历，但是无论是对于学生本身还是对于政府来说回报都是很低的。因此作者认为在高等教育方面过多的投资是浪费学生和纳税者的钱。

6．What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 3

refer to?

A．Degrees.B．Returns.

C．Employers. D．Jobs.

解析：选A代词指代题。分析画线词所在句可知，这里的them

指代上文中提到的degrees。

7．What is the author's preferred solution to the issue?

A．To decrease university dropout rates.

B．To improve the teaching qualities of universities.

C．To open more public-sector jobs to non-graduates.

D．To provide school-leavers with proper job training.

解析：选D细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的第一句“School-leavers should be given a

wider variety of ways to gain job skills and to demonstrate

their employability in the private sector.”可知，毕业生应该被给予更多的获得这些技能的途径来展示他们的就业能力，所以作者建议要多给毕业生提供就业培训的机会。

8．What is the best title for the passage?

A．Measures to Boost Social Mobility

B．Time to End the Academic Arms Race

C．Difficulty in Solving Unemployment

D．Necessity of Changing Hiring Practices

解析：选B标题归纳题。文章讲述了政府和个人在教育方面过度投资，但是回报却很低的现象，作者建议社会要减少对应聘者学历的硬性要求，而更多关注于应聘者本身能力的评估。所以“Time to End

the Academic Arms Race(是时候结束学历装备竞赛了)”作为文章的标题比较恰当。

C

(2018·苏、锡、常、镇三模)An eclipse happens when one

heavenly body such as a moon or planet passes into the shadow

of another heavenly body. There are two types of eclipses on the

Earth: lunar eclipses and solar eclipses.

The moon orbits the Earth and, at the same time, the Earth

orbits the sun. Sometimes the Earth moves between the sun and

the moon. When this happens, the Earth blocks the light from the

sun. This is an eclipse of the moon — a lunar eclipse. A lunar

eclipse can occur only when the moon is full and can be seen

from the Earth at night.

There are two types of lunar eclipses: total lunar eclipses and

partial lunar eclipses.

A total lunar eclipse occurs when the moon and the sun are

on exact opposite sides of the Earth. The moon is in the Earth's

shadow and the sunlight passes through the Earth's atmosphere,

which causes the Earth's atmosphere to filter or block out most

of the blue light. However, a partial lunar eclipse happens when

only a part of the moon enters the Earth's shadow. What people

see from the Earth during a partial lunar eclipse depends on how

the sun, the Earth and moon are lined up.

A lunar eclipse usually lasts for a few hours. At least two

partial lunar eclipses happen every year, but total lunar eclipses

are rare. It is safe to look directly at a lunar eclipse although a

pair of binoculars can certainly help the viewer appreciate the

beauty of this phenomenon.

Sometimes when the moon orbits the Earth, it moves

between the sun and the Earth. When this happens, the moon

blocks the light of the sun from reaching the Earth. This causes

an eclipse of the sun, or solar eclipse. During a solar eclipse, the

moon casts a shadow

onto the Earth.

There are three types of solar eclipses: total solar eclipses,

partial solar eclipses and annular eclipses (日环食). During a solar

eclipse, the moon casts two shadows on the Earth. Solar eclipses

happen once every 18 months. Unlike lunar eclipses, solar

eclipses only last for a few minutes.

Scientists use solar eclipses as an opportunity to study the

sun's corona (日冕). The corona is the sun's top layer. During an

annular eclipse, NASA (the US Space Agency) uses ground and

space instruments to view the corona when the moon blocks the

sun's glare. The sudden blocking of the sun during an eclipse

reduces the light and changes the temperature on the ground.

This creates conditions that can affect local weather and animal

behavior.

It's important to never look directly at the sun — it can

permanently damage your eyes! Solar radiation that occurs

during an eclipse of the sun can cause a form of buns of one's

eyes known as eclipse blindness. In fact, the only way to safely

view a solar eclipse is by using specially-designed equipment.

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了月蚀和日食的概念、发生的原因以及观察的方法。

9．What can we know about “a lunar eclipse”？

A．It may create conditions that can affect local weather and

animal behavior.

B．It can be seen when the moon and the sun are on exact

opposite sides of the Earth.

C．It usually happens once every 18 months and only lasts

for a few minutes each time.

D．It happens when the moon blocks the light from the sun,

which causes the moon to shine.

解析：选B细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“A total lunar

eclipse occurs when the moon and the sun are on exact opposite

sides of the Earth.”可知，当月亮和太阳刚好位于地球两侧的时候，会看到月蚀的现象。

10．Which of the following can replace the underlined

word“glare”？

A．Heat. B．Shadow.

C．Shine. D．Radiation.

解析：选C词义猜测题。根据第六段第二句“When this

happens, the moon blocks the light of the sun from reaching the

Earth.”可知，日食是当月亮遮住了太阳的光线的时候发生的现象。再根据倒数第二段的第一句“Scientists use solar eclipses as an

opportunity to study the sun's corona (日冕)．”可知，科学家利用日食来观察日冕。所以“glare”和“the light of the

sun”的意思是一样的。shine“光照，光线”。

11．It can be inferred from the passage that ________.

A．people will experience a temperature drop when lunar

eclipses happen

B．eclipses are the result of the shadow cast by the moon

onto the Earth

C．total lunar eclipses are more difficult to observe than

other types of lunar eclipses D．there can be eclipses even if the

three heavenly bodies are not exactly lined up

解析：选D推理判断题。根据第四段的最后两句“However, a

partial lunar eclipse happens when only a part of the moon enters

the Earth's shadow. What people see from the Earth during a

partial lunar eclipse depends on how the sun, the Earth and

moon are lined up.”可知，如果太阳、地球和月亮不是完全并排的时候，也有可能会出现部分月蚀。

12．Why is it safer to watch a lunar eclipse than a solar

eclipse?

A．Because moonlight is not as strong as sunlight.

B．Because a lunar eclipse lasts longer than a solar eclipse.

C．Because special equipment can be employed to view a

lunar eclipse.

D．Because a lunar eclipse has much more steady light than

solar eclipse.

解析：选A推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“It's important to

never look directly at the sun — it can permanently damage your

eyes！”可知，肉眼直接观察日食是危险的，会对眼睛造成永久的伤害。根据常识可知月亮的光线没有太阳的光线强，所以观察月蚀更加安全一些。