阅读材料:
The decline in moral standards—which has long concerned
social analysts—has at last captured the attention of
average Americans. And Jean Bethke Elshtain, for one, is glad.
The fact the ordinary citizens are now starting to think
seriously about the nation’s moral climate, says this ethics
(伦理学) professor at the University of Chicago, is reason to
hope that new ideas will come forward to improve it.
But the challenge is not to be underestimated. Materialism
and individualism in American society are the biggest
obstacles. “The thought that ‘I’m in it for me’ has
become deeply rooted in the national consciousness,” Ms.
Elshtain says.
Some of this can be attributed to the disintegration of
traditional communities, in which neighbors looked out for
one another, she says. With today’s greater mobility and
with so many couples working, those bonds have been weakened,
replaced by a greater emphasis on self.
In a 1996 poll of Americans, loss of morality topped the
list of the biggest problems facing the U.S. and Elshtain
says the public is correct to sense that: Data show that
Americans are struggling with problems unheard of in the
1950s, such as classroom violence and a high rate of births
to unmarried mothers.
The desire for a higher moral standard is not a lament (挽歌)
for some nonexistent “golden age,” Elshtain says, nor is it
a wishful (一厢情愿的) longing for a time that denied
opportunities to women and minorities. Most people, in fact,
favor the lessening of prejudice.
Moral decline will not be reversed until people find ways to
counter the materialism in society, she says. “Slowly, you
recognize that the things that matter are those that cant’
be bought.”
1. Professor Elshtain is pleased to see that Americans
________.
A) have adapted to a new set of moral standards
B) are longing for the return of the good old days
C) have realized the importance of material things
D) are awakening to the lowering of their moral standards
2. The moral decline of American society is caused manly by
________.
A) its growing wealth
B) the self-centeredness of individuals
C) underestimating the impact of social changes
D) the prejudice against women and minorities
3. Which of the following characterizes the traditional
communities?
A) Great mobility.
B) Concern for one’s neighbors.
C) Emphasis on individual effort.
D) Ever-weakening social bonds.
4. In the 1950s, classroom violence ________.
A) was something unheard of
B) was by no means a rare occurrence
C) attracted a lot of pubic attention
D) began to appear in analysts’ data
5. According to Elshtain, the current moral decline may be
reversed ________.
A) if people can return to the “golden age”
B) when women and mean enjoy equal rights
C) when people rid themselves of prejudice
D) if less emphasis is laid on material things
参考答案
1. D 2. B 3. B 4.A 5. D
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