高三英语一轮复习阅读理解高频考点:写作意图题巧突破

英语阅读理解高频考点——写作意图题巧突破

作者的意图、观点和态度题考生具有较高层次的阅读技能，包括在复杂的语境条件下把握作者的思路，在较高深的措辞中探索作者隐藏的思想及真正的写作意图。常见的意图、观点和态度题考查考生对文章的写作意图和作者及文中人物的主观态度的把握以及分析作者描述某些细节的意图的能力。此类题属于得分率较低的高难度题。

近三年写作意图题/观点态度题考查频次一览表时间

全国卷Ⅰ

全国卷Ⅱ

全国卷Ⅲ

2019年

1（写作意图）

2（写作意图、观点态度）

1（观点态度）

2019年

0

1（写作意图）

1（写作意图）

2019年

1（观点态度）

2（观点态度）

/

从上表可以看出，近年来全国卷中此类题的考查频次有所增加。预计2019年高考仍然会有1—2道考查写作意图或观点态度的题，考生备考时要重视起来。

考点1

写作意图题

此类题型要求考生根据文章的论述，推测作者的写作意图及应用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的客观事实使读者信服某种想法或观点。这类题型要求考生不仅能理解文章的内容，还要具备对作者所阐述的问题及使用的写作手法进行分析和归纳总结的能力。整篇文章的写作意图的常见设问方式有：

For what purpose did the author write the passage?

The writer writes this passage in order to .

The purpose of the text is to .

某处细节的写作目的的常见设问方式有：

What is the purpose of the last part of the text?

The in the first paragraph to .

The writer uses the .

【典例1】

（2019·北京卷·C篇）Measles(麻疹), which once killed 450 children each year and

disabled even more, was nearly wiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the

universal use of the MMR vaccine(疫苗). But the disease is making a comeback,

caused by a growing anti|vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading

quickly. Already this year, 115 measles cases have been reported in the USA,

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compared with 189 for all of last numbers might sound small, but they are

the leading edge of a dangerous trend. When vaccination rates are very high, as they

still are in the nation as a whole, everyone is protected. This is called "herd

immunity", which protects the people who get hurt easily, including those who canbe vaccinated for medical reasons, babies too young to get vaccinated and people on

whom the vaccine doesnt herd immunity works only when nearly the

t

whole herd joins in. When some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride, immunity

breaks down and everyone is in even bigger exactly what is

happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange County,

California, where 22 measles cases were reported this month, to Brooklyn, N.Y.,

where a 17|year|old caused an outbreak last resistance to vaccine has

continued for decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk. Those who refuse

to take that risk selfishly make others things worse are state laws that

make it too easy to opt out(决定不参加) of what are supposed to be required vaccines

for all children entering kindergarten. Seventeen states allow parents to get an

exemption(豁免), sometimes just by signing a paper saying they personally object to

a , several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new regulations

for opting out. But no one does enough to limit s ought to be able to

opt out only for limited medical or religious reasons. But personal opinions? Not good

enough. Everyone enjoys the life|saving benefits vaccines provide, but theyll exist

only as long as everyone shares in the is the purpose of the passage?

A. To introduce the idea of exemption.

B. To discuss methods to cure measles.

C. To stress the importance of vaccination.

D. To appeal for equal rights in medical treatment.

【解析】这是一篇说明文。第一段大意：麻疹卷土重来。第二至三段大意: 不接种疫苗的危害。第四段大意：美国的麻疹爆发。第五至七段大意：人们对接种疫苗的抵制及一些州采取的措施。第八段大意：接种疫苗的重要性。根据上述段落大意以及最后一段中的"Everyone enjoys the life|saving benefits vaccines provide,

but theyll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks"可知，作者的目的是强第 2 页

调接种麻疹疫苗的重要性。A项"介绍豁免这一概念"；B项"探讨麻疹的办法"；D项"呼吁医学的公平性"。这三项均与文章主旨无关，故排除。C。

【技巧点拨】解此类题主要有两种方法。

1.主旨推断法：写作目的是阐述作者为何要表达某个中心主题，因此可根据文章或段落的主旨推断作者的写作目的。比如上述例题就是通过每段段落的主旨推断出答案的。

2.文体推断法：根据文体的特点来推断。不同体裁的文章有不同的写作目的，故事类记叙文的写作目的通常是使读者感到快乐(to entertain)；广告类应用文的写作目的是推销产品或提供服务（to persuade)；议论文的写作目的是阐述论点(to

argue)；科普类说明文的写作目的是介绍科学知识，使大家紧跟时代步伐(to

inform)。上述典例就属于说明文，其写作目的是强调接种麻疹疫苗的重要性。

【典例2】

（2019·全国卷Ⅰ·A篇）...◆Support Pacific Science Center

Since 1962, Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion(热情) for discovery

and lifelong learning in science, math and technology. Today, Pacific Science Center

serves more than 1.3 million people a year and brings inquiry|based science

education to classrooms and community events all over Washington State. Itis an

amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from

individuals, corporations, and other social organizations. Visit

to find various ways you can support Pacific Science

is the purpose of the last part of the text?

A. To encourage donations.

B. To advertise coming events.

C. To introduce special exhibits.

D. To tell about the Centeris history.

【解析】本题是对某处细节的写作目的的考查。本段倒数第二句提及：要是没有个人、大公司和其他社会组织的慷慨支持的话，我们不能实现这样惊人的成就。最后一句呼吁人们各种各样的方式来支持太平洋科学中心。此处可利用排除法解题，本段并没有为该中心做广告，故B项的陈述错误；本段没有介绍特展第 3 页

品，可排除C项；本段提到这个中心创办于1962年，但是没有介绍它的历史，可排除D项。只有A项提及的鼓励捐赠与本段主旨吻合。 A。

考点2

观点态度题

观点态度题是高考的常考点。作者及文中人物的态度、思想倾向是指作者及文中人物对某观点是赞同、反对还是犹豫不决，对记述和描写的人、物或事件等是赞扬、同情、冷漠还是厌恶、憎恨。作者及文中人物的这种思想倾向和感情彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间或流露于修饰的词语中。因此，做此类题时，应特别注意作者及文中人物的措辞。常见标志是题目中出现attitude, opinion等词。常见的设问方式有：

The attitude of the is .

What is the authoris opinion on ...?

Whats the writeris ?

What does ... ?

【典例3】

（2019·全国卷Ⅱ·C篇）...Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the

1930s, according to Robert Mann, an airline industry expert. But Mann thinks

Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality. The

government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it

easier for the vehicle to fly. The Transition is now going through crash tests to make

sure it meets federal is the governmentdevelopment of the flying car?

A. Cautious. B. Favorable.C. Ambiguous. D. Disapproving.

【解析】根据题干中的关键信息government定位到文章第三段（即选段）第三句"The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to

make it easier for the vehicle to fly"，由此可以推断政府对此是持支持态度的。cautious谨慎的，favorable赞同的，ambiguous模棱两可的，disapproving不赞成的。B。

【方法点津】做观点态度题时要注意：

1.看清楚是谁对什么的态度，比如本题中提问的是the government is attitude，因此就要依照government来定位，在文章中相应的依据。

2.掌握常考的表示观点态度的词语，见下表：

s attitude to the

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表示支持或肯定

approving赞成的,同意的；positive积极乐观的；supportive支持的；optimistic乐观的；concerned关切的；favorable赞同的；sympathetic同情的；appreciative欣赏的

uncaring冷漠的；indifferent不感兴趣，漠不关心；uninterested不感兴趣的；objective客观的；cautious谨慎的；neutral中立的；unconcerned不关心的；uncertain不确定的；ambiguous模棱两可的

critical批评的；negative 否定的，消极的；doubtful怀疑的；suspicious怀疑的；worried 担忧的；pessimistic悲观的；depressed沮丧的；disappointed 失望的；ironic 讽刺的；disapproving不赞成的；gloomy前景黯淡的，悲观的

表示中立

表示反对或否定

3.不要掺杂自己的观点。要学会区分不同的观点，尤其要善于出作者的观点。考生要注意文中出现的直接引语和间接引语，这些观点一般是当事人的观点，而不是作者的观点。作者的观点一般用in my view, in my opinion, personally, I think,

I hold等引出。同时要分清选项中表示支持或肯定、中立、反对或否定的词语，再以此对照文章内容。

【典例4】

In the depths of the French Guianese rainforest, there still remain unusual groups of

indigenous (土著的) people. Surprisingly, these people live largely by their own laws

and their own

The lives of these people have finally been recorded thanks to the efforts of a

Frenchman from Paris called Gin. Gin spent five months in early 2019 exploring the

most remote corners of this area, which sits on the edge of the Amazon rainforest,

with half its population of only 250,000 living in its capital, Cayenne."

I have a special love for the French Guianese people. I have worked there on and off

for almost ten years," says Gin. "I love been able to keep firm friendships with them.

Thus I have been allowed to gain access to their living environment. I dona lawless land. But rather I see it as an area of freedom."...

Q：What is Gins attitude towards the lives of the indigenous Guianese?

t see it as

A. Cautious. B. Doubtful. C. Uninterested. D. Appreciative.

【解析】由文中第三段"I have a special love for the French Guianese people"以及"I

donot see it as a lawless land. But rather I see it as an area of freedom"可知，Gin很欣赏圭亚那土著人的生活方式。D。

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