英语发音规则(重读、轻读、略读、浊音)


2023年12月28日发(作者:sometime是什么意思)

精心整理

TIPS:

第一.到元音字母AEIOUY

第二.判断音节数目1.单音节2.双音节3.多音节

第三.识别重读音节1.单音节词都重读catatcupsitthisthatherhemewemycoatmeateat

2.双音节词一般情况下,动词在后面重读,非动词在前面重读

单音节加上前缀或后缀,在原词上重读

3.多音节词一般情况下,在倒数第三音节上重读。

双音节加上前缀或后缀,在原词上重读

4.若单词以-tion,-sion,-ic结尾,则在其前一个元音上重读

5.第一重读音节前若还有两个以上的音节,则在倒数第二个音节上再重读

第四.划分重读音节1.重读在后,其前至少有一辅音归后注意pl,bl,gl,br,pr,ph,th,gr,tr,sp,st

2.重读在前,后面的辅音遵循一分为二、前一后二的原则

第五.确定音节类别重读音节1.开音节2.闭音节3.-re音节4.-r音节5字母组合

弱读音节1.单个元音音节2.-r音节3.字母组合4.非重读辅音音节

重读音节1开音节1.绝对开音节单个元音直接结尾he,she,me,we,the,shy,by,my,go,no,

2.相对开音节单个元音+单个辅音+elike,name,home,cute,these

3.第三开音节单个元音直接+eshoe,pie,lie,toe,see,true,free,due

2闭音节1.绝对闭音节单个元音+单个辅音结尾mop,cat,cup,dig,get,fit,hat,hot,gut

2.相对闭音节单个元音+两个辅音+edance,sense,fence,chance,collapse

3.第三闭音节单个元音直接+多个辅音desk,scratch,fetch,bath,front

4.第四闭音节单个元音+rr+元音sorry,hurry,marry,merry,mirror

3r音节1.绝对R音节单个元音+单个Rcar,for,sir,her,fur,far,bar,nor,per

2.相对R音节单个元音+单个R+单辅+ehorse,nurse

3.第三R音节单个元音+单个R+辅音park,hard,torch

4re音节1.绝对re音节单个元音+单个R+ecare,more,here,sure,tire

2.相对re音节单个元音+单个R+元音zero,serious,hero,parent,curious

5字母组合1.元元组合ai,auwait,because,fault,main

ea,ee,ei,eaueat,heat,meat,meet,deed,receive,beautiful

oa,oo,oi,ouboat,coat,book,foot,soil,house,

ia,ie,iobias,believe,violent,social,society,Russia

uifruit,juice

ay,ey,oyday,grey,boy,tray

2.单元辅组合al,aw,ball,tall,small,saw,paw

ig,igh,sign,high,night,

ewnew,few,dew

owknow,now,how,sow

3.多元辅组合air,aughhair,air,fair,caught,daughter

eer,ear,eir,deer,fear,near,heir,heart,learn

精心整理

eigheight,height,

oor,oar,ouldoor,board,boar,could,should

ower,ourpower,tower,hour,labour,flower

非重读音节1单元音节单个元音音节a,e,i,o,uoffice,different,elephant,unselfishness,

2r音节构成同重读音节ar,er,ir,or,ursister,doctor,particular,surprise

3字母组合构成同重读音节window,nation,social,blackboard,bathroom

4辅音音节在词尾的mtm,dmseldom,autumn,

在词尾的ntn,dn,sn,fngarden,cotton,listen,offen,common,

在词尾的ltl,nl,ml,dl,fllittle,middle,trifle,animal,apple,table,crystle

sl,pl,bl,gl,zlcastle,mentle,capital,possible,terrible,puzzle

英语国际音标

音标基础知识

一.音节

⒈什么是音节?

⑴音节通常由一个元音加上一个或几个辅音构成,也可以由单独一个元音构成。此外,[l]、[m]、[n]在后面没有元音的情况下也可与它前面的辅音构成一个音节。

·相关链接:

Asyllableispartofawordthatcontainsonevowelsound;ral,thenumberofvowelsintheworddeterminesthenumberofsyllables.

:PronouncingAmericanEnglish

一个音节通常是一个含有一个元音和一个或几个辅音的单词的一部分。一般来说,单词中元音的个数决定这个单词音节的个数。

—《美国英语发音词典》

⑵含有元音的音节和若干个辅音音素

①只有一个元音音素(音节核peak)

eyeourhourah

②含有一个元音音素和音节尾(音节核peak+音节尾coda)

amoughtease

③含有一个元音音素、音节首和音节尾(音节首onset+音节核peak+音节尾coda)

runmustfill

④含有成音节辅音的音节

辅音+成音节/l、m、n/

bottlepeoplecottonbottom

·相关链接:

Inawordlike“bottle”,theweaksyllablecontainsnovowelatall,thisasyllabicconsonant.

在像“bottle”这样的词中,非重读音节中根本没有元音,而全是辅音。我们把这样完全由辅音字母构成的音节叫做构成音节的辅音,简称“成音节”。

⒉音节的分类

⑴音节按读音可分为开音节和闭音节。开音节又可以分为绝对开音节和相对开音节。在开音节中,这个元音字母发字母本身音。

①绝对开音节是指元音字母后面没有辅音字母而构成的音节,如:wenoseeseateabee

②相对开音节是指一个元音字母后面有一个辅音字母(除r外),最后是一个不发音的e构成的音节,如:namecakegamefacetimelikenicefinefivenosehomeusecute

③闭音节是指元音字母后面有辅音字母(除r外)构成的音节,如:catondesknotleg

精心整理

⑵音节按是否重读可以分为重读音节和非重读音节。

预备知识

只含有一个音节的单词叫做单音节词;含有两个音节的单词叫做双音节词;含有三个或三个以上音节的单词叫做多音节词。

①重读音节(重音):在双音节词和多音节词中,有一个音节读得特别重,叫做重读音节,简称“重音”,用“'”来表示,加在重读音节的左上方。有些单词音节较多,除了重音外,还有次重音,用“?”来表示。不重读的音节为非重读音节。单音节词作重读处理,但不标重音符号。

标注单词重音一般规则如下:

54321

?______'_________university[?ju:n?'v?:s?t?]

'_________difficult['d?f?k?lt]

'______study['st?d?]

___good[g?d]

②重读开音节:以元音字母结尾的重读音节叫重读开音节;

重读闭音节:以辅音字母结尾的重读音节叫重读闭音节。

应用:单词变形。

以辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节的动词,双写词尾加ing变为现在分词,双写词尾加ed变为过去式和过去分词。

但infer,refer,prefer三个词在变过去式、过去分词、现在分词时双写“r”,是重读开音节双写词尾。

⒊音节的划分

划分音节的方法:元音是构成音节的主体,辅音是音节的分界线。

⑴两辅音之间不管有多少个元音,一般都是一个音节。如:beatbeauty

⑵两个音节相邻处只有一个辅音字母时(除r和字母组合外),如前面是开音节,该辅音字母属于后面;如前面是闭音节,该辅音字母属于前面。如:stu-dentstud-y

⑶两个音节相邻处有两个辅音字母时(除r和字母组合外),一个辅音字母归前一音节,一aaa个归后后一音节。如:run-nerwin-ter

⑷两个音节相邻处有字母r时:

①相邻处是rr时,前者属于前面,后者属于后面,且前者按重读闭音节规律发音。如:

mar-ry

②相邻处是“元音字母+r+其他辅音字母”时,r属于前面并按-r音节规律发音。如:

far-ther

③相邻处是“元音字母+r+元音字母”时,r属于前面。r前的元音字母按-re音节规律发音。如:dur-ing['dj??r??]

⑸不能拆分的字母组合按字母组合划分音节。如:daugh-terfa-thertea-cher

移行时:⑴要按音节移,连字符“-”位于行末(如picture)

⑵单个字母的音节不能单独留在行末(如unit)或单独移至下行首(如city)

⑶有连字符的在连字符处断开(如picture-book)

上行:...u-...picture-

下行:it ...y...book

(正确)(错误)(错误)(正确)

⒋元音气流不受阻碍,声带振动;辅音气流受阻碍,清辅音声带不振动,浊辅音声带振动。

⒌拼读方法

辅音在前,元音在后,两者要相拼。先发出辅音,然后连续过渡到元音的口形,发出元音的声音,中间不要有停顿。

元音在前,辅音在后,连续发出各自的音。

⒍元音音素和辅音音素:

分类一:

精心整理

单元音(12个):

长元音:[i:][ɑ:][?:][u:][?:]

短元音:[?][e][?][?][?][?][?]

双元音(8个):[a?][e?][??][??][??][a?][e?][??]

清辅音(11个):[p][t][k][f][s][θ][?][ts][t?][tr][h]

浊辅音(15个):[b][d][g][v][z][e][?][dz][d?][dr][l][r][m][n][?]

半元音(2个):[w][j]

分类二:

元音:

前元音:[i:][?][e][?]

中元音:[?][?][?:]

后元音:[ɑ:][?][?:][?][u:]

双元音:[e?][a?][??][a?][??][??][e?][??]

辅音:

爆破音:[p][b][k][g][t][d][tr][dr]

摩擦音:[f][v][s][z][?][?][θ][e][ts][dz][r]

鼻音:[m][n][?]

(舌)边音:[l]

破擦音:[h][t?][d?]

半元音:[w][j]

国际音标和英语字母在书写方面的联系

—从音标到字母和字母组合

单元音:[i:]:⑴e:heshemewe

⑵ea:teaeatmeat

⑶ee:seetreesee

⑷ei:receive

⑸ey:key

⑹i:policepolicemanpolicewomanmachine

⑺eo:people

⑻ie:piecefieldbelievethief

[?]:⑴a:orangecabbage

⑵ay:Sundayholiday

⑶e:beginEnglishprettycinema

⑷ey:monkey

⑸i:itisinbig

⑹y:cityverysorry

⑺u:busy

⑻ui:buildbuilding

⑼ai:captain

[e]:⑴a:anymanyanyone

⑵ai:said

⑶ay:says

⑷e:penbedyeseggdesk

精心整理

⑸ea:breadheadbreakfast

⑹u:bury

[?]:a:bagamandatsad

[?]:⑴a:alongaboutbananaCananaChina

⑵e:studentopenchildrendifferent

⑶i:holidayApril

⑷o:todaywelcomepolice

⑸u:minusautumn

⑹er:fathermotherbrothersister

⑺or:doctorforgetmirror

⑻ar:sugar

⑼re:metretiredfire

⑽ou:deliciousprevious

⑾ur:surpriseSaturday

⑿our:colour

⒀ure:picturepleasure

⒁oar:cupboard

⒂yr:martyrsatyr

[?:]:⑴ear:learnearthearlyheard

⑵er:herterm

⑶ir:firstgirlbirdskirtsirthird

⑷or:workwordworld

⑸ur:nurseturnhurtThursday

⑹yr:myrtle

⑺our:journalistjournal

[?]:⑴o:comenoneloveother

⑵oo:bloodflood

⑶ou:touchcountryenoughyoung

⑷u:bussunbutcutupus

[ɑ:]:⑴a:classbananafatherafter

⑵al:halfpalm

⑶ar:carfarparkarmstar

⑷au:auntlaugh

⑸ear:heart

[?]:⑴([w])a:wantwashwatchwhat

⑵o:hotonnotsorry

⑶ou:cough

⑷au:Australia

[?:]:⑴(w)a:water

⑵al:allballcallfallhallmallsmalltalktallwall

⑶([w])ar:warmquarter

⑷au:Augustautumndaughter

⑸aw:drawsawlaw

⑹oor:doorfloor

⑺ore:morebefore

⑻or:orforshortsport

精心整理

⑼ou:boughtbroughtthought

⑽our:fouryour

⑾awe:aweawedaweless

⑿oar:boardblackboardcardboard

⒀o:story

[?]:⑴o:womanwolf

⑵oo:booklookgoodfoot

⑶oul:couldwouldshould

⑷u:putsugarfullpush

[u:]:⑴ew:flewgrewreviewJew

⑵o:dotowho

⑶oo:toozoofoodpoolbootschool

⑷ou:soupgroupthrough

⑸u:blueglueJune

⑹ui:fruitjuice

⑺oe:shoe

双元音:

[a?]:⑴i:timelikenicefinefive

⑵y:mybywhy

⑶i(g):signhighlightright

⑷ie:dielietie

[e?]:⑴a:namecakegameface

⑵ai:raintrainwait

⑶ay:daymayokayplaytoday

⑷ei:veilvein

⑸ei(gh):eighteighteeneighty

⑹ey:they

⑺ea:greatbreak

[??]:⑴oi:oiltoiletboilsoil

⑵oy:boytoyemployee

[a?]:⑴ou:outabouthouseblouse

⑵ow:hownowcow

[??]:⑴o:gononosehome

⑵ow:showknowyellowwindow

⑶oa:goatboat

⑷ou:shoulderthough

⑸oe:woe

[??]:⑴e:zerocerealserious

⑵ea:realreallyideacereal

⑶ere:here

⑷ear:eardearhearnearclear

⑸eer:beerdeerpioneer

[e?]:⑴air:airhairchair

⑵are:carehareparent

⑶ear:pearwearbear

⑷ere:therewhere

精心整理

⑸eir:theirtheirs

⑹a:Mary

[??]:⑴ure:sure

⑵oor:poor

⑶our:tour

辅音:

清辅成对辅音:

[p]-[b][t]-[d][k]-[g][f]-[v][s]-[z][θ]-[e][?]-[?][ts]-[dz][t?]-[d?][tr]-[dr]

清音浊化:清辅音[p][t][k][tr]等在[s]后重读时由送气音变为不完全送气音,即发其浊辅音[b][d][g][dr],但音标仍写成清辅音。如:sport[sp?:t],student['stju:d?nt],

sky[ska?],street[stri:t]。但弱读时[s]后的清辅音仍读请辅音,不读相对的浊辅音。

如:hostess['h??st?s]。

[p]:⑴p:penmaphelpcheappencilpaper

⑵pp:applehappyappear

[b]:⑴b:bagbybedboybusblue

⑵bb:rabbitcabbage

[t]:⑴t:tentimenotgettable

⑵tt:bottlebottomlittlepretty

⑶ed:watchedwashedcookedhelpeddanced

[d]:⑴d:deskdoordaydog

⑵dd:adddaddymiddle

⑶ed:playedcleanedclimbedansweredarrivedairedboiledemptiedenjoyedcried

[k]:⑴c:catcomecutclockcrypicturebloc

⑵cc:occasionaccordingoccupyacclaim

⑶ch:schoolChristmaschemistrytechniquetechnologystomach

⑷k:bookbikecakekiteKatelook

⑸ck:blackduckclockjacketcock

⑹q:Iraqcoq

⑺que:uniquetechnique

[g]:⑴g:gogirlbigget

⑵gg:eggbiggerbiggest

⑶gu:guess

⑷gue:dialogue

⑸gh:ghyllghost

[f]:⑴f:fivefishfinefamilyfifteen

⑵ph:photophoneelephantphotograph

⑶gh:laughenough

⑷ff:offcoffee

[v]:⑴v:veryfivehave

⑵f:of

[s]:⑴c:nicecitycycle

⑵s:sitsixsomebususeusdeskbooks

⑶ss:missclassglassgrass

⑷sc:sciencescene

⑸ps:psalmpsywar

[z]:⑴s:ishispleasemusiclosehusbandapples

精心整理

⑵es:leavesthieveskniveswives

⑶z:zoozero

⑷zz:buzz

[θ]:th:threethankmonththin

[e]:⑴th:thisthewiththan

⑵the:breathesoythe

[?]:⑴sh:sheshoeshortshopwash

⑵s:sureAsia

⑶c:specialsufficientdelicious

⑷t:stationnationalpatient

⑸ss:Russiaprofession

⑹ch:machine

[?]:⑴s:usuallytelevisionpleasure

⑵z:seizure

⑶ge:garage

[ts]:⑴ts:shirtshurtscoatscostsgoats

⑵t’s:Let’s

⑶tes:kitesgatesdates

⑷zz:pizza

[dz]:⑴ds:bedsbirdshandsfriends

⑵des:decides

[t?]:⑴ch:chairmuchlunchChina

⑵tch:watch

⑶t:picturequestion

[d?]:⑴g(e):agepagehugeorange

⑵g:gentlegentlemangeneral

⑶dge:bridgeporridgejudge

⑷j:jumpjacketjustJuneJim

⑸ch:sandwich

[tr]:tr:treetriptrytruetruth

[dr]:dr:dressdrivehundredchildren

单个辅音:

[h]:⑴h:heherhavehandheadhair

⑵(w)h:whowhomwhose

[l]:⑴l:letlookpleaselakepeople

⑵ll:tellfulltillbell

⑶(t)l(e):whistle

[r]:⑴r:redrightthree

⑵rr:sorryworryhurrycarrycarrot

⑶(w)r:writewrong

[m]:⑴m:manmeatmeettime

⑵mm:commoncommunicate

⑶m(b):climblamb

⑷m(n):autumn

[n]:⑴n:nameniceninenearunder

⑵(k)n:knowknife

⑶nn:Ann

精心整理

⑷(m)n:mnemonics

[?]:⑴ng:singlongyoungmorning

⑵n(k):thankthinkinkpink

⑶n(g):English

[w]:⑴w:wewindowworkwalk

⑵w(h):whatwhywherewhite

[j]:⑴y:yesyouyearyellow

⑵j:Jensenjahallelujahjaap

⑶i:onionreviewmillionbillionbrilliantbehaviour

⑷e:Europe

国际音标和英语字母在读音方面的联系

—从字母和字母组合到音标

Ⅰ.元音字母a及a+其他字母的读音

a在重读开音节中读[e?]:namecakegamefacea在重读闭音节中读[?]:bagamandatsada在辅音字母s,th,f,n,ph前读[ɑ:]:classfastgraspaskfatherafterdancegraph

a在[w]后读[?]或[?:]:wantwhatwater[w?:t?]

a在ny前读[e]:anymany

a弱读时读[?]:alongaboutbananaCananaChina

a在非重读音节中读[?]:orangecabbage

a读[e?]:Mary

ai读[e?]:raintrainwait

ai读[?]:captain

ai读[e]:said

ay读[e?]:daymayokayplaytoday

ay弱读读[?]:Sundayholiday

ay读[e]:says

air读[e?]:airhairchair

al在多数辅音字母前读[?:](f,m除外):allballcallfallhallmallsmalltalktallwall

al还读[?:l](特别当后面不是k,f,m时):alsosalt

al在辅音字母f,m前读[ɑ:]:halfpalm

ar在重读音节中读[ɑ:]::carfarparkarmstar

ar在[w]后读[?:]:warmquarter

ar弱读读[?]:sugar

are读[e?]:carehareparent

ass在重读音节中读[ɑ:s]:classglassgrasspass

au在重读音节中读[?:]:Augustautumndaughter

au读[?]:Australia

精心整理

au还读作[ɑ:]:auntlaugh

aw在重读音节中读[?:]:drawsawlaw

awe读[?:]:aweawedaweless

Ⅱ.元音字母e及e+其他字母的读音

e在重读开音节中读[i:]:heshemewe

e在重读闭音节中读[e]:penbedyeseggdesk

e在非重读音节中读[?]:beginEnglishprettycinema

e弱读读[?]:studentopenchildrendifferent

e读[??]:zerocerealserious

e读[j]:Europe

ea在重读音节中读[i:]:teaeatmeat

ea读[e]:breadheadbreakfast

ea读[e?]:greatbreak

ea读[??]:realreallyideacereal

ear读[?:]:learnearthearlyheard

ear读[e?]:pearwearbear

ear读[??]:eardearhearnearclear

ear读[ɑ:]:heart

ed在大部分清辅音后读[t]([t]除外):watchedwashedcookedhelpeddanced

ed在元音和浊辅音后读[d]([d]除外):playedcleanedclimbedansweredarrivedairedboiledemptiedenjoyedcried

ed在[t][d]后读[?d]:wantedneeded

ee在重读音节中读[i:]:seetreesee

eer读[??]:beerdeerpioneer

ei读[i:]:receive

ei读[e?]:veilvein

ei在gh前读[e?]:eighteighteeneighty

eir读[e?]:theirtheirs

eo读[i:]:people

er在重读闭音节中读[?:]:herterm

er在非重读音节中读[?]:fathermotherbrothersister

ere读[??]:here

ere读[e?]:therewhere

es在浊辅音([?][?][d?]除外)及元音后,es发[z]:leavesthieveskniveswives

potatoestomatoesheroesNegroesgoesdoesfamiliesstories

es在[s][z][?][?][t?][d?]后读[?z]:busesblousesdishesgarageswatches

精心整理

oranges

ew读[ju:]:newnewspaperreview

ew在l,r,j后读[u:]:flewgrewJew

ex读[eks]:exerciseexit

ex读[?ks]:excleexpensiveextinct

ex读[?gz]:examexaminationexactly

ey读[i:]:key

ey读[?]:monkeyvalley

ey读[e?]:they

Ⅲ.元音字母i及i+其他字母的读音

i在重读开音节中读[a?]:timelikerice

i在重读闭音节中读[?]:bigsixsit

i读[i:]:policepolicemanpolicewomanmachine

i弱读读[?]:holidayApril

i在非重读音节中读[?]:taxi

i读[j]:onionreviewmillionbillionbrilliantbehaviour

i在元音字母a,e,o前读[a?]:dialoguequietpioneer

i在g前读[a?]:signhighlightright

i在nd前读[a?]:findbehind

i在ld前读[a?]:child

i在re前读[a?]:firetiredretireie在重读音节中辅音字母前读[i:]:piecefieldbelievethief

ie在重读音节词词尾读[a?]:liedie

ir在重读音节中读[?:]:birdgirlfirst

Ⅳ.元音字母o及o+其他字母的读音

o在重读开音节中读[??]:gononosehome

o在辅音字母st,ld前读[??]:postold

o在重读闭音节中读[?]:hotonnotsorry

o读[?:]:story

o在辅音字母m,n,v和th前读[?]:comenoneloveother

o读[u:]:dotowho

o在w后读[?]:womanwolf

o在非重读音节中读[?]:todaypoliceman

oa在重读音节中读[??]:boatcoat

oar读[?:]:boardblackboardcardboard

oar读[?]:cupboard

oe读[??]:woe

精心整理

oe读[u:]:shoe

oi读[??]:oiltoiletboilsoil

oo一般读[u:]:toozoofoodpoolbootschool

oo在d,k和少数t前读[?]:booklookgoodfoot

oo读[?]:bloodflood

oor读[?:]:doorfloor

oor读[??]:poor

or在重读音节中读[?:]:orforshortsport

or在[w]后读[?:]:workwordworld

or读[?]:doctorforgetmirror

ore读[?:]:morebefore

ou在多数情况下读[a?]:outabouthouseblouse

ou在ght前读[?:]:boughtbroughtthought

ou读[?]:touchcountryenoughyoung

ou读[u:]:soupgroupthrough

ou读[??]:shoulderthough

ou读[?]:cough

ou读[?]:deliciousprevious

oul读[?]:couldwouldshould

our读[?:]:fouryour

our读[?:]:journalistjournal

our读[?]:colour

our读[??]:tour

our读[a??]:ourhour

ow读[a?]:hownowcow

ow读[??]:showknowyellowwindow

owe或ower读[a??]:towelflower

oy读[??]:boytoyemployee

Ⅴ.元音字母u及u+其他字母的读音

u在重读开音节中读[ju:]:studentTuesday

u在重读闭音节中读[?]:bussunbutcutupus

u处于开音节位置,又在辅音字母j,l,r,s后读[u:]:JunefluencyFebruarySue

u在重读闭音节中还读[?]:putsugarfullpush

u在非重读音节中读[?]:minusautumn

u读[?]:busyminute

精心整理

u读[e]:bury

ui读[ju:]或[j??,ju:?]:suitsuicide

l,r,j+ui时,ui读作[u:]或[??,u:?]:sluisefruitjuicefluidruin

ui读[?]:buildbuilding

ur在重读音节中读[?:]:nurseturnhurtThursday

ur读[?]:surpriseSaturday

ure读[??]:sure

ure在非重读音节中读[?]:picturepleasure

ure在重读音节中读[j??]:cure

Ⅵ.21个辅音字母及辅音字母组合的读音

b读[b]:bagbybedboybusblue

bt,mb在词尾时,b不发音:debtclimbcomb

bb读[b]:rabbitcabbage

c在字母e,i,y前读[s]:nicecitycycle

应用:字母c后有e或i时,c发[s],为保持发音不变,而加k,后加ing变现在分词,加ed变过去式和过去分词。高中阶段常见的几个词:picnic(野餐)、

mimic(模仿)、traffic(交易、买卖)、panic(使恐慌;使惊慌失措)

c在字母a,o,u,l,r,t前或在音节末尾读[k]:catcomecutclockcrypicturebloc

c+ia,ie,io时,c读[?]:specialsufficientdelicious

cc+a,o,u或l时,cc读[k]:occasionaccordingoccupyacclaim

cc+e,i时,cc读[ks]:acceptaccident

ch读[t?]:chairmuchlunchChina

ch读[k]:schoolChristmaschemistrytechniquetechnologystomach

ch读[?]:machine

ch读[d?]:sandwich

ck读[k]:blackduckclockjacketcock

d读[d]:deskdoordaydog

dd读[d]:adddaddymiddle

dge读[d?]:bridgeporridgejudge

dr读[dr]:dressdrivehundredchildren

ds读[dz]:bedsbirdshandsfriends

des读[dz]:decides

f读[f]:fivefishfinefamilyfifteen

f读[v]:of

ff读[f]:offcoffee

ften读[f?n]:often

精心整理

g读[g]:gogirlbigget

g在e前读[d?]:agepagehugeorange

g读[d?]:gentlegentlemangeneral

gg读[g]:eggbiggerbiggest

ge读[?]:garage

gh在i,ei,ai,ou,au后不发音:righteightstraightboughtdaughter

gh读[f]:laughenough

gh在词首时,读[g]:ghyllghost

gn,gm在词尾时,g常无声:signphlegm

gu在词首读[g]:guess

gu在词中读[gw]:language

gue在词尾读[g]:dialogue

h读[h]:heherhavehandheadhair

h不发音:hour

wh读[w]:whatwhywherewhite

wh在o前读[h]:whowhomwhose

gh在词首时,h不发音:ghyllghost

j读[d?]:jumpjacketjustJuneJim

j读[j]:Jensenjahallelujahjaap

k读[k]:bookbikecakekiteKatelook

kn在词首时,k不发音:knowknife

l读[l]:letlookpleaselakepeople

ll读[l]:tellfulltillbell

m读[m]:manmeatmeettime

mb在词尾时,读[m],b常无声:climbcomb

mm读[m]:commonmn在词首读[n]:mnemonics

mn在词中时,读[mn]:columnist

mn在词尾时,n常无声:autumncolumn

n读[n]:nameniceninenearunder

n在[k][g]前读[?]:pinkEnglish

n在k后读[n]:knowknife

n在m后读[n]:mnemonics

nn读[n]:Ann

ng在词尾读[?]:singlongyoungmorning

ng在词中读[?g]:Englishfinger

精心整理

nk读[?k]:thankthinkinkpink

p读[p]:penmaphelpcheappencilpaper

pp读[p]:applehappyappear

ph读[f]:photophoneelephantphotograph

ps在词首时,p常不发音:psalmpsywar

q读[k]:Iraqcoq

qu在词首读[kw]:queenquick

que在词尾读[k]:uniquetechnique

r读[r]:redrightthree

rr读[r]:sorryworryhurrycarrycarrot

wr读[r]:writewrong

s在词首读[s]:sitsixsome

s在清辅音后读[s]:bookslikes

s在浊辅音和元音后读[z]:appleswindows

s读[z](尤其是在两个元音字母之间):hisispleasemusic

元音字母+s+无音e:①n.,adj.读[s]:baseuse

②v.读[z]:loseuse

词中的s,其后跟清辅音字母时,s读[s],其后跟浊辅音字母时,s读[z]:deskhusband

s读[?]:sureAsia

s读[?]:usuallytelevisionpleasure

sion读[??n]:televisiondecision

sten读[s?n]:listen

stle读[stl]:whistle

sure读[??]:pleasure

sc+i,e,y读[s]:sciencescenescythe

sc+a,o,u读[sk]:scarfscorescud

ss读[s]:missclassglassgrass

ss读[?]:Russiaprofession

ssion读[??n]:expression

sh读[?]:sheshoeshortshopwash

t读[t]:tentimenotgettable

t读[t?]:picturequestion

tch读[t?]:watch

t+ia,ie时,t读[?]:martialpatient

sten,ften,stle中,t无声:listenoftenwhistle

精心整理

tes读[ts]:kitesgatesdates

tt读[t]:bottlebottomlittlepretty

tion读[??n]:stationnationalpatient

[s]+tion时读[t??n]:question

th读[θ]:threethankmonththin

th在pron.,art.,prep.,conj.中读[e]:thisthewiththan

词尾the读[e]:breathesoythe

词尾ther读[e?]:fathermotherbrothersister

tr读[tr]:treetriptrytruetruth

ts读[ts]:shirtshurtscoatscostsgoats

t’s读[ts]:Let’s

ture读[t??]:picturev读[v]:veryfivehave

w读[w]:wewindowworkwalk

w不发音:two

wh读[w]:whatwhywherewhite

wh在o前读[h]:whowhomwhose

wr在词首读[r],w无声:writewrong

x读[ks]:boxsixexcusenext

x读[gz]:examexactexample

y在重读开音节中读[a?]:mybywhy

y在重读闭音节中读[?]:cityverysorry

y在词首读[j]:yesyouyearyellow

yr读[?:]:myrtle

yr读[a??]:martyrsatyr

yre读[?]:tyrebyre

z读[z]:zoozero

z读[?]:seizure

zz读[z]:buzz

zz读[ts]:pizza


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