新概念三册第二课新东方老师讲义

新概念三册第二课新东方老师讲义

第一篇：新概念三册第二课新东方老师讲义

Lesson 2, thirteen equals one 十三等于一

Equal(be equal to sb/sth)与人/物相同，相等 equal an Olympic

record平了奥运纪录 be equaled/matched by no one in kindness没人比他更善良be equaled by no one in intelligence

Parallel平行的parallel lines平行线—〉(be equal to , match)与--相当，相匹 a record never paralleled 一个举世无双的纪录

conditions unparalleled/unmatched/unequaled elsewhere in the

world 世界上其它地方无法匹敌的条件

（be comparable or similar to）可与--相比，相类似 your

experience parallels mine 你的经历和我的经历差不多

Be equivalent to sth(equal in value, amount, meaning,

importance)(数值，意义，重要性)相同的250 grams or an

equivalent amount in ounce 250克或者与之相当的盎司 It is six of

one and a half of dozen of the other(两个都不好)

Parallel（be similar）a parallel case, career 相同的事例，职业

产量到达---，这个数字在历史上从为达到过

The production reached----, a record/figure unparalleled/

unmatched/ unequaled by any year in its history

Vicar 英国国教的牧师~~ priest 神父,牧师=clergyman Bishop

主教 archbishop 大主教 pope 教皇

Worship the heaven and earth 祭祀天地 offer sacrifice 供以祭品

Nun 修女 hermit 隐士 monk 和尚

abbey ~~monastery修道院 nunnery

The temple of sacred seclusion

小隐隐于林，大隐隐于市

A common hermit lives in seclusion，a great hermit lives in

society 尼姑庵

raise（collect together）募集，筹措 raise funds for charity 募集慈善基金 a fund-raising event 募捐活动 Solicit（ask sb for

money, help, votes earnestly）向某人要钱，帮助，选票 从某人那里要钱/支持solicit money/support from sb= solicit sb for money

/support Apportion（give sth as a share）分配某物，分派某物apportion blame among sb 怪罪大家 apportioned charges 摊派费用

levy征收（collect payment by authority or force）levy a

departure tax on all the travelers 向游客征收的离境税

torchlight 电筒光

flashlight 手电筒 torch 火把，火炬

carry a torch for sb 单相思，单恋某人 carry a torch for an old

sweetheart 单恋昔日情人 childhood lovers 两小无猜，青梅竹马

blaze/illuminate a new trail for sth 为---开辟一条新道路

The text

Our vicar is always raising money for one cause or another我们的教区牧师总是为了各种各样的事筹集资金

1，be always doing 表示抱怨，不满的语气

如今各种离奇丑闻老是成为头版新闻，从三聚氰胺事件到豆腐渣工程到警匪勾结事件。很显然这个国家的监管系统和质检系统有问题

Nowadays ridiculous scandals are always making headline

news, from the milk scandal to the jerry-built houses and to the

mafia-police sly something is very wrong

with the quality-control departments and the supervision

departments.如今各种各样极端的自然灾害频频发生，很显然，人类在利用自然的过程中过头了，大自然在进行报复 Nowadays new

extremes and patterns of natural disasters are always attacking/

sly, we humans have gone too far in exploiting

natural recourses and the nature is taking its revenge

2, for one cause or another 为了种种事由one N or another

的妙用

For one reason or another 为了种种理由 for some historical

or realistic reasons 出于某些历史和现实的原因 for some well-known reasons and unknown reasons 出于种种理由，广为人知的或者不为人晓的 由于各种历史原因和经济原因，我们没有足够数量的大学来接收庞大的高中毕业生

Due to many historical and financial reasons, we don’t have

an adequate number of colleges to match the huge population

of school graduates.西方政客总是为了这个理由或那个理由指责中国，似乎他们永远都是对的

The western politicians are always pointing their fingers at

china for one reason or another，as if they were always right.他对老婆百依百顺，工资都浪费在了这个那个奇思妙想上了(a hen-pecked husband 妻管严)He is really a salary is

totally wasted on her one whim or another 竭尽全力满足将来一代的各种想法乃至怪诞念头

Do their best to satisfy /indulge every wish and even whim

of the future big clock which used to strike the

hours day and night was damaged many years ago and has been

silent ever since 教堂的大钟以前不分昼夜打点报时，但是多年前遭到毁坏，从此无声无息

1，strike hours day and night 不分昼夜打点报时== the clock

fulfilled its responsibility/duty quite well 很好的履行了自己的职责

–(dereliction of duty渎职，失职)A willing and sturdy man who

gets up earlier than a rooster that heralds the rise of the sun , and

goes to bed later than a dog that patrols around the yard late

into the night一个任劳任怨，坚忍不拔的人，起得比鸡早，睡得比狗晚

2，be silent 悄无声息，Hush money 封口费~~silence fee —〉

拟人化

自行车于几年前接受第一次维修，从此以后，边工作边吵闹

The bike underwent/received its first time repair years ago

and has been quite noisy ever bike received its first time

repair years ago and has been very musical ever the

parts except the bell seem to be a noisy night,

however, our vicar woke up with a start: the clock was striking the

hours!一天夜里，我们的牧师突然惊醒过来，大钟又在打点报时了

Wake up with a start 惊醒过来 ~~startle sb out of sleep Wake

sb up 让某人醒悟

中国南方罕见的干旱让人发人深省，人们惊恐地意识到缺水不再是沙漠地带的专有，而是正在全球爆发，自然正在认真地惩罚着自高自大的，贪婪的人类。

The unprecedented drought in the humid south has woken

people up to the bloody fact that water scarcity which is peculiar

to the desert areas is now happening across the globe and that

the nature is seriously taking its revenge against us arrogant,

greedy humans

Looking at his watch, he saw 以及armed with a torch, the

vicar went up into the clock tower 1，两者都是分词做状语，前者表示“广义进行” 2，went up into the clock

went up into the clock：up 副词 into 借词

挣扎着上了悬崖，朝着微弱的灯光走去(借词+借词的连用)Struggle up the cliff toward the glowing light= struggle up the

cliff and toward the glowing light 越过了障碍，沿着悬崖一头扎了下去，跌进了谷底 Leap over the obstacle, down the cliff and into

the valley

In the torchlight, he caught sight of a figure whom he

immediately recognized as Bill Wilkins, our local grocer 借着电筒光，他看见一个人，马上认出那是本地杂货店店主比尔.维尔金斯 1,

Catch sight of 看到 glance 瞥见（近处）glimpse 瞥见(远处)一顾倾城，二顾倾国

One glance, the city tumbles;another glance, the country

topples Exchange loving glances 互递秋波，含情脉脉 *** Tumble

倒塌，坍塌 ~~Topple 倒塌，倒下

2，figure 身形，身影（不明身份）;体形 pear-shaped figure 梨形体形

build 体格 a man of strong build 体格健壮的人

~~physique 体形，体格 muscular physique/magnificent

physique 健壮的体格，肌肉发达的体格

have a puny physique 瘦弱的体格

3，凭借着皎洁的月光，我立刻认出了他，原来那个蜷缩在我门口的“乞丐”是我一个潦倒的同学, 等待着我的慷慨救助

In the bright moonlight, I immediately recognized

the ―beggar‖ as one wretched classmate who crumpled and

crouched by my door, waiting for my generous help.（crumple

弄皱，变皱，crouch 蹲）

I have been coming here night after night for weeks now.I

was hoping to give you a surprise.好几个星期，我天天夜里到钟楼上来，我一直想给你一个惊喜 1，现在完成进行时的用法，过去进行时的妙用

你没有听我讲么？ 不好意思我刚才一直在想着明天可怕的考试

You did not listen to me? Sorry, I was thinking about that

terrible exam tomorrow.2, night after night for weeks 每个晚上一连好几个星期

Work day after day for years to produce this great work 好几年每日辛劳以推出这个伟大的作品

Labor day after day for years on this great work 在这个伟大的作品上一连几年日日辛劳 Sweat and toil 辛劳，用力

you need to sweat and toil to survive the fierce competition

为了在可怕的竞争中活下来，你需要努力辛劳

thirteen is not as good as one, but it is better than nothing

十三下是不如一下，但是总比一下也没有要好

他的脸也起了皱纹，肢体也不那么柔韧了，也许也没有多少的浪漫。的确40岁比不上20岁了。但总比没有要强.至少在我撒娇时他能迁就我，在我犯错误时他能宽容我，在我失落痛苦时他能指引我。

His face is wrinkled and his knees stiff(僵硬的，不灵活的，一动就疼的).Maybe there is not so much romance left in his

, 40 years old is not as good as 20 years old, but it is

better than least, he can indulge my petulance [petjuləns], tolerate my stupidity and guide me through the darkness

Wrinkle 让----起褶皱

years may wrinkle the skin, but to give up your dream may

wrinkle your soul.岁月有加，容颜易老；梦想若无，心也老矣

第二篇：新概念三册教学大纲

新概念三册教学大纲

第一课 A Puma at large

这个单词不管是动词也好名词也好，意思总和“点”有关系：

作为动词可以理解为“在很宽广的地方看到的一点”或者“突然看到一样东西”

比如：He spotted his friend in the crowd.他从人里认出了他的朋友。作为名词可以理解为“现场”或“斑点”

比如：The leopard cannot change his spots.江山易改 本性难移（狗改不了吃*）

spotty adj皮肤有斑点的a spotty face一张麻脸a spotty dog一只斑点狗

ce证据

不可数名词an important piece of evidence一件重要的证据

evident adj明显的

vid-, vis-看见： visual video

late（长期地）积累 注意和59课amass的区别

虽然和force 意思差不多，但往往用被动语态 be

obliged to do sth用被动

feel / be obliged to do sth觉得有义务作某事，只得做某事

compel, force, constrain, oblige 这些动词均含“迫使”之意。

compel:指在法律、权力、力量或行动等的驱使下被迫而为。

force:指用个人意志、权力、权威或暴力等，迫使他人改变看法或做本不愿做的事。

constrain:侧重施加约束力或有约束作用的影响，也指环境对人强加的影响迫使人去做某事，尤指受良心、情感等内在力量驱使去做某事。oblige:指由于生理上或道德上的需要，促使某人做某事，也指有权威的人或机构迫使某人做某事，还可指在特定情况下被迫作出的反应。

lig-绑，obligation n义务，职责 obligatory adj强制性的obligatory courses必修课

5． corner 的词组

drive sb into a tight corner 把某人逼入死角

sb is politically / financially / emotionally cornered 陷入了政治，经济，感情危机

名词转化动词用 符合用语经济原则

6． Trail 这个单词万变不离其宗，“一长条”的感觉：

战士一边走一边滴血 a trail of blood 游客一边走一边丢垃圾 a

trail of litter The car raced past, leaving a trail of dust.汽车疾驰而过，扬起一缕灰尘。

甚至用作动词，把握“一长条”就优美句子一挥而就：

新娘长裙拖在身后 her long dress is trailing on the floor tr-trace痕迹track人兽的足迹，车辆轨迹travel旅行trip旅行trek徒步旅行，艰苦跋涉tread踩，踏 trudge步履艰难地走 tramp流浪汉（3/27）；徒步走（3/48）

7． convince使信服convince sb of sth I convinced him of my

-, vict-征服invincible adj不可征服的，难以克服的victory胜利victorious胜利的,convincing adj有说服力的

［口语］—————————— ［写作］ believe convince（太主观）

know understand I see I think In my opinion to my

knowledge personally as far as I know 8． disturb令人不安，打扰

turb-搅动perturb vt使心烦意乱（3/39）turbulence n**，骚动

9．at large 1）贬义：(指危险的人或动物)逍遥自在的Two of the

escaped prisoners are still at large.两个逃犯仍然逍遥法外。2)中性：自由 不受约束free without control: 班主任走了 同学们自由了students are at large.(本文的at large更多指哪一项呢？各抒己见吧)

10．Cat-like 这个词可以超级模仿：childlike woman-like

ghost-like

11.同位语从句

同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。

A.同位语从句的功能

同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导，例 如：

1)The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free

surprised all the people.2)The order that all the soldiers should

stay still is given by the general.B.同位语在句子中的位置

同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例 如：

He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put

off.C.同位语从句与定语从句的区别 1)定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾 语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。

2)定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述 定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名

词进行补充说明。例如： 1)The news that he told me is that Tom

would go abroad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）2)The

news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）

12．reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had

been spotted 45 miles south of London 如果我们把中文的译文拿出来一对照便会发现什么问题？中文是“伦敦动物园收到报告„„”。中文长期的语言习惯喜欢用人或者是有生命的东西作主语；而英文则更加注重事情的发展和效果，因此多用没有生命的物体作主语。这点差异在后面的课文中也会经常出现：比如“我不感到这个有什么奇怪”,按中文语序硬译为I didn’t regard it as odd, 比较一下课本中出现的一个更加符合英文思维的句子： It didn’t strike me as odd.语序则迥然相异，这些要靠大家细心研读方可体会。

ptions given by people woman picking blackberries

这两短语都是由定语从句演变而来，前者原型为“descriptions which

were given by people”.后者原型为”woman who picked

blackberries”

那大家有没有考虑过，作者为什么要把定语从句改成分词形式？这里牵涉到了句子的锤炼。这种写作方式有两个好处：

一，与定语从句比较，分词结构跟在名词后面不但衔接更加紧凑，而且 轻便简练，使文字干净利落。英语文章要力求凝练、言简意赅。二，能够避免句型的重复。

大家试想一下，如果我们把descriptions given by people还原成定语从句，整句话就变成： for the descriptions which were given

by people who claimed to have seen the puma were

extraordinarily similar.大家读后会有什么感觉？短短一句话出现两次定语从句，是不是相当呆板乏味？注意：写文章除了要考虑单词使用的多样化，也不能忽视句型的多样化。一篇好文章会相当注重句式的选择和调整，交错运用多种句式，使文气有张有弛，文章波澜起伏，

从而达到更为理想的表达效果。我们来举个例子，请大家翻译一句话：我到了通向那片森林的小道，而这片森林是我曾经梦见过的。试比较两种做法：

I found a path which led to the forest which I dreamed of.I

found a path leading to the forest which I dreamed of.孰高孰低，一目了然。

联系动词，一般不用被动，因为它本身就解释为：be

found to be 类似主动表被动的词还有：sell write wash escape等

prove证明是，结果是，跟to be 引起的短语做表语，to be也可以省去。His story porved(to be)false.他的一番话后来证明是假的。

He proved(to be)a s this book will prove(to

be)of some use to you in your behind it a trail of

倒装平衡句子

作者为什么要推翻正常语序呢？大家自己写文章的时候也要注意，什么时候要将语序变换一下，或倒装、或前置？变换语序的作用一般有两个：起强调作用或使句子平衡。如果把behind it部分移至句子末尾，给人感觉句子前面部分很长，收尾却十分“仓促”，难免会给人一种头重脚轻的感觉，读起来毫无美感可言。而把behind it部分挪到句子中间，感觉句子首尾就平衡了，句型也优美了许多。这样的例子在新概念三这本书中比比皆是，例如第7课中有这么一句话：Jane

cooked their dinner in the microwave oven and, without realizing

it, cooked her fiancé’s wallet as well.。作者这里就是把without

realizing it这个地点状语提前，目的也是避免句子的头重脚轻。可见，我们平时作文的时候，千万不能墨守成规，盲目遵循常规语序，在必要的时候不妨将句子语序进行灵活调整，效果会更好。例如：把一大袋装有糖和巧克力的包放在桌子上，一般语序是 put a bag full of

sweets and chocolates on the desk, 但这个宾语太长，让人感觉头轻脚重，改成put on the desk a bag full of sweets and chocolates

感觉就好多了。

16.a number of许多

越来越多的---an increasing / growing number of---An

increasing number of students have realized the importance of

and more: More and more people are

becoming more and more wealthy and buy more and more TV

sets.17．be in the possession of sb / be in possession of区别 ：前者被动 后者主动

The house is in the possession of the old lady.这所房子归这个老太太所有。

The old lady is in possession of the house.这个老太太拥有这个房子。in pursuit/ search of

Possess have, hold, own, possess, keep, enjoy 这些动词均有“有，具有，持有”之意。

have:最常用词，可指任何情况下的具有，无论是物质的或精神的。hold:指拥有并保持财产及持有见解等，暗示不让别人拿走或占有。

own不及本组的possess正式，多指所属关系，强调所有权，不管所属物是否在物主手中。

possess:较正式，指拥有或占有并能加以控制与支配，强调其归属；也指具有某种品质、才能、特点或性能等。

keep:指长时间地保有，保存某物，防止别人占去，强调安全和感情上的依附。enjoy:指享有某种权利或长处，带有欣赏或喜爱的情感。

18．it is disturbing to think that 重要句型

19．I found the brid killed.I found the paper clinging to the

tree.粘附

第二课 Thirteen equals one

equ-相等equality平等 equator赤道equivocal模棱两可的 注意意思引申：I am not equal to you(我配不上你)

（一词多义的记忆： 故事串联法 ； 根义法）1)提高，升起

raise price raise one’s head 2)养育

raise children raise cattle 牛 3)筹集 raise money 4)引起怀疑

raise doubts 5)raise one’s spirits 使人振奋 raise the roof 大怒后

的感觉

raise one’s eyebrows at sth.感到惊讶

always doing sth 还能说be forever/ continually doing 注意摆脱陈词滥调

n吃惊 源于动词startle vt使大吃： 感受startle surprise

amaze 种种吃惊的不同

g at---现在分词短语做状语，表示时间，一般要位于句首。（状语从句与不定式和分词作状语之间的转换）

Reading the letter, she burst out with---过去分词短语做状语，表示方式。

He returned to Guangzhou that winter, disguised as a

merchant.这年冬天，他扮作商人回到广州。

注意三册中伴随壮语的运用，能够丰富句型

6.品味catch sight of 和see的不同

after night day after day一天又一天 week after week一周又一周 year after year 一年又一年 The train stopped station

after station.火车一站接一站地停。

第三课 An unknown goddess

rous同义词 thriving booming flourishing

ship 抽象名词后缀：drainage marriage friendship

worship

-神圣的: sacred sacrifice

nt n碎片

frag-, fract,破裂fragile易碎的fraction n部分，微量（3/60）fractional adj很小/少的，微不足道的 fracture n破裂，骨折

s 永远看成复数

放 注意和put 区分 rest 更优雅, 有 put gently 的意思 可以翻成中文的“搭在”

-length-length 有„长度的 ：half-length photo

8.本文两处stand 都经典：

第一处Stand 表示“位于be located in”，但更强调一样东西高高耸立，比如山顶有座庙

第二处stand 表示东西或人的高度 可以是很高 比如： 那女孩有一米8高： that girl stands 1.8m 也可以不高 比如课文

+ n.短语作后置定语修饰名词

boy with big eyes room with beautifully decorated walls

„.to 到了时间概念可以用的更新颖一点 from„.until

from / date back to追溯到 一般不用被动 再次体会定语从句和分词转换

ve 中 pre 表示before serve 表示保存 在一样东西变质之前保存下来 就是preserve preserved body 木乃伊 preserved

fruits 蜜饯

辨析：conserve, preserve, reserve这是一组形近易混词，都有“保存”的意思。

conserve v.保存，保藏，保护(强调节约)。

In winter, some people conserve energy by lowing the heat

at night.冬天，为节约能源有些人在夜里把暖气调小。

preserve v.保护；维持；保养；防止(食物)腐败(强调使不受破坏)。The government preserves the rights of the individual person.政府保护个人的权利不受侵犯。

reserve v.保留，储备(强调为某一特殊目的)；订(座位)，预定。

We are reserving these seats for my parents.我们把这些座位留给我的父母。

out原来是，结果是，证明是，后来成为联系动词，后面可以跟动词不定式to be做表语，to be也可省去。

His statement turned out(to be)false.他说的一番话原来是假的。The party turned out(to be)a success.舞会结果办得很成功。

-looking相貌摩登的good-looking好看的easy-going容易相处 out-going外相的

注意修饰名词的方法已经接触很多了，别把思维局限在形容词修

饰名词：

1。adj.-Ving + n: modern-looking 2。adv-Ved + n:

beautifully-decorated 3． n+ 介词短语 ：puma at large 4。n+

with ： room with beautifully decorated walls

表示接触范围广，但力度轻

Her fingers sweep the keys of the piano.她的手指在钢琴键盘上滑过 Her dress sweeps the ground

第四课 The double life of Alfred Bloggs manu-手manuscript n手稿manufacture vt制造manufacturer n制造商

ice vt牺牲sacrifice sth for / to Many women have to

sacrifice their own careers to their husband’s work.许多妇女为了丈夫的工作只得牺牲自己的事业。

ege 有很多意思“特权，殊荣，好处“

It’s my pleasure and privilege to be here.我狠高兴也狠荣幸到这里来，priv-私自，个人private adj私人的deprive vt剥夺

ation nCorporation

n淋浴；阵雨；送礼会take / have / get a shower洗个淋浴hold a shower for sb为某人举行送礼会

n地位improve one’s social status提高自己的社会地位status quo现状to change / preserve the status quo改变/维持现状

7.本文钻石句型一：sb be frequently referred to as„.for the

simple reason that„.He is frequently referred to bookworm for

the simple reason that he

spares no efforts to read.他总是被称作书呆子，因为他总是在看书

注意：for the(simple)reason that---: 比(simply)because---更加正式，多用于正式文体。

本文钻石句型二：Such is human nature ,that„„.本文钻石句型公司BBC the British Broadcasting

三：„„, as it did in the case of sb who„„

rise to 代替 cause

as 一些三册学过的不错的as 词组：be used as

recognize as

much as前面可以有half, twice, three times等短语修饰

She won’t marry a man who is twice as old as she.她不愿意嫁给一个年级比她大一倍的人。

He earns four times as much money as he used to.他现在挣的钱是过去的四倍。

表示倍数的句式

X is twice / three times as much / many as---X is twice / three

times what was in 1999.X is twice / three times the amount of---X is twice / three times more than----

11． A collar and tie 看成一套东西

比如： a knife and fork rice and egg bread and butter

12．由本课引申出的蓝领白领 在英文中属于借代的修辞手法,在比如看看第7课课题

Mutilated Ladies。字面意思是“缺胳膊少腿的女士”，为什么作者把它译成“残钞鉴别组”？文章最后“*”处的解释给出了背景知识，所谓Mutilated Ladies就是指被毁坏的银行纸币。英国纸币上印有女皇的头像，而这个Lady自然指的就是Queen。大家可以设想一下，如果纸币上的女皇外形受损，那么这张纸币必然是破损的。所以作者用受损的女皇指代整张破损货币，而根据文章的内容，进而指代专门处理受损货币的鉴别小组，这种修辞方式，叫做借代（Metonymy）。

今天我们来学习一下英文中的借代，其实在前面的文章已经接触过：People who work in offices are frequently referred to as

white-collar workers for the simple reason that they usually wear

a collar and tie to go to work.其中，a collar and tie字面意思是“一个衣领和领带”，人们不可能只套一个衣领挂一根领带就大摇大

摆去上班了，这里是用衣领和领带指代整件白领衬衫，不就是借代手法吗？

我们来看这句话：In the least developed countries in Africa, all

fur and feather are hunted for food.在非洲一些最贫穷的国家中，鸟兽被滥捕滥猎，成为人们盘中之肴。请注意句子中fur and feather

的用法。Fur一词在我们三

册第一篇文章就出现过，用来描述美洲狮的毛，俗话说飞禽走兽，这里fur就是指走兽，而feather显然就是指飞禽了。用fur and

feather 动物身上的毛来指代飞禽走兽，也是借代的典型用法，非常简洁，而且加上头韵的运用，语气连接流畅，语义表达完美。

通过上面几个例子大家对借代应该有了初步的了解，我这里不妨再给你们几个例子，大家可以细细品味。

Our hotel is short of hands.(hands 这里是帮手的意思)Wall has

ears.隔墙有耳（ears指那些偷听的人）It will cost 30yuan per

head.(head代表每个人)Great minds think alike.英雄所见略同。（great minds 伟大的脑子——用来指代伟大的人）

China is suffering brain drain.中国饱受人才外流之苦。（brain

指代 talent 人才）

这四句中的借代取人体上各部分的特征（手的特征就是用来干活的，耳朵就是用来听东西的，大脑用来思维的，人才的才华都藏在大脑里），使语言生动活泼，行文充满生趣。

第五课 The facts

n编辑editor-in-chief总编辑

editorial n社论an editorial on education一篇关于教育的社论

e 中 eme 是最高级后缀 supreme Extremes meet.物极必反。

tics 有两个意思：当表示统计学，谓语加单数 当表示一系列数据，加复数

ent n总统；大学校长 董事长等等

sid-坐preside vt主持reside v居住assiduous adj勤奋的

insidious 暗中危害的

5．impatient 注意前缀in的几个变体

碰到m p b 被同化成im：impolite impossible immortal 碰到l

被同化成il: illogical 碰到r被同化成ir: irregular

I’m impatient to see you.急不可耐看你

I can’t wait to see you.I’m anxious to see you.I’m eager

to see you.I’m out of patience.6．arrive 可以表示报纸 牛奶 信件等被送到

7．现在分词短语做定语 a fax instructing him to find out---往往一份传真 一个电话 一份信件的目的不用to do 而用doing

8．Go to press pr-压press压，新闻界pressing急迫的

pressure压力 compress压缩

depress使沮丧，使萧条 express表达 impress使印象深刻oppress压迫

only---but also在句中引导并列的句子成分，当not only放在句首时，主谓要倒装

This young man is not only intelligent but also

hardworking.→ Not only is this young man intelligent, but he is

hardworking.顺便系统提一下 如果学生水平差： 倒装

整个动词提前，助、系、情态动词倒装，目的：强调。

1．地点、表地点的副词：in, out, down, there, here, off, over,

away„

句子倒装。

The girl jumped jumped the front of the

door stands an old man.（主语是人称代词时不倒装）Down she

jumped.2．否定词在句首时须倒装：neither, nor, hardly, scarcely,

rarely, seldom, not, never, not only, barely, at no time, nowhere以及所有带“no”的词组。

By no means is he a good teacher.他无论如何不是好„

Not only„but前倒后不倒 Jack could not r could

have I seen such a good counting---在复合句中，如果状语从句的谓语中包含be动词, 而且从句的主语与主句的主语一致，或者从句的主语是it, 那么从句中的主语和be常常一起省略掉,使语言更加简洁凝练。

While waiting, I was reading some old magazines.我一边等，一边看些旧杂志。（I was）

cf: While Tom was waiting, I was reading some old magazines.不能省 While at college, he was a good footballer.上大学期间，他是一个出的足球运动员。(he was)This dictionary will look nice

when printed.这本辞典印出来以后会很好看。(it is)He hurriedly left

the room as though very angry.他匆匆地离开，好像很生气的样子。(he was)The old lady was looking well although living alone.这位老太太虽然一个人独居，但气很好。(she was)

Enemies, once discovered, were completely wiped out.敌人一旦被发现，就被全部消灭。(they were)If carefully done, the

experiment will be successful.如果仔细操作，试验就会成功。(it is)省略的条件：1）主语一致或主语是it；2）谓语中含有be

第六课 Smash and grab

– and – grab 是个比较特殊的构词法：两个动词构成。这个词意思是：smash The window of the shop and the grab the

jewellery on display smash 后面可以加：world record 打破世界记录，hope 某人的希望破灭，smash the drug ring 粉碎集团

grab（动作）抢夺 rob（犯罪行为）抢劫 grasp掌握 hold tight抱住 seize抓住（机遇等抽象）clutch抓牢某物（无法移动）

ound n背景background music背景音乐background

information背景资料

children from disadvantaged backgrounds来自贫困家庭的孩子

3．velvet n天鹅绒；柔软的with an iron hand in a velvet glove外柔内刚

n全体工作人员

well-staffed, under-staffed人手不够的, over-staffed.人浮于事的

5．scramble v to move or climb quickly手脚并用地攀登，匍匐前进-----引申为争夺

scramble for shelter争着往隐蔽处跑

The children are scrambling for the chocolate.孩子门正在抢巧克力。

6．夸一样东西好“fantastic, marvelous, terrific, fabulous,

super, capital

7．At this time of the morning 可以派生出很多类似的词组

At this time last Christmas at that time of next month

sometime last summer

8．break美妙用法

break one’s heart break the ice打破僵局 break the silence

law-breaker违法者

storm broke out journey A day breaks天亮了

As day breaks, 随着

9．gaze at sth: look at sth for a long time, with great interest

补充几种看的英文表达：

gape at: look with mouth wide open glare at: look at sth

angrily stare at: look with eyes wide open

10．with its headlights on and its horn blaring 带有with的独立主格结构（3/36）

with + n+adv : with its headlights on with+ n+doing : with

its horn blaring with+ n +介词短语： with black stockings over

faces with+n+ 过去分词： with tape played With John away,

we’ve got more room.约翰不在，我们的空间大多了。

With three people ill, we’ll have to close the office this

morning.11．Jewellery shop 还可以说 the jeweler’s

类似的： at the doctor’s at the tailor’s at the chemist’s at

the butcher’s at the barber’s at the baker’s

12．help oneself sb to sth 1)随便吃（招待客人用语）； If you

want another drink, just help yourself.你要是想再喝一杯就请自便。Can I help you to some salad?我在给你来点拉好吗？

2)take something without permission.随意拿取，偷窃

He’s been helping himself to the money in the drawer.他一直在偷抽屉里的钱。（或者说 自说自话的拿）

13．注意 thousands of pounds worth of diamonds 和

diamonds worth thousands of pounds 的转换

第七课 Mutilated ladies

te 狭义上指人的缺胳膊少腿 广义指一样物体因为其重要部分的缺失而使外形受损。

比如，在战场上，被炮弹炸断了胳膊或腿，就可以用这个词。胳膊和腿当然是人身上的重要部分，缺胳膊少腿我们的外貌必然大受影响，所以英语中可以说：sb is mutilated in the war.回到这篇文章，一张纸币如果缺一个角或者表面受损，这张纸币的外表也是残缺不全了。因此，残钞的英语就是mutilated note。

2．microwave里面包含一个重点前缀——micro, 是“微小”的意思。通过这个词缀，我们会发现，原来以前要靠死记硬背的单词都是有据可循、一脉相承的。我们可以把以下这些单词归成一类：microsoft(微软)，microphone(麦克风)，microscope(显微镜)，microeconomy(微观经济)，microshake(微震)，这些单词都和“微小”有关。

3． 课题的借代见第4课

4．大面值 large bank note 那么小面值就是small bank note

5.当你把这张钱从洗衣机里救出来，你会发现他比白纸还白。如果让大家把这句话翻成英文，这个“救”字，同学们第一反应会想到哪个词？是不是 save？那作者为什么不用save，而用rescue? 这就关系到单词的推敲。没错，save 和 rescue是同义词，都有“救”的意

思。但同学们要注意了，任何一组同义词，不管它们同属于褒义词，贬义词或是中性词，必定存在着微秒的差异。或是程度轻重（surprise / amaze），或是态度庄谐（mother/mum），或是方式直婉（foolish/unwise）。我们在写作的时候，一定要对这些词反复进行推敲斟酌，琢磨同义词微妙的同中之异，从中挑选一个最恰当的词，切不可不加甄选、敷衍了事。

回到文章的save和rescue, 他们究竟有什么区别？拿大家再熟悉不过的Titanic作例子，当Titanic撞上冰山，5个密封舱都进了水，船长表示巨轮将在两个小时之内沉没，那么假设 附近有一艘船要救Titanic号上的乘客，我们可以用save。但事实上当时附近并没有船，两个小时后Titanic号裂成两截沉入海底，海面上到处漂浮着惊慌失措的遇难者，船员划着小船去救已经冻得奄奄一息的女主角Rose，就应该用rescue了。从这个例子大家能不能体会到save 和rescue 的区别？当不幸的事即将但尚未发生的时候，实施一种救援行为，我们用save，而当悲剧酿成之后，实施一种补救性质的救援行为，我们用rescue。大家知道这个区别后，我们结合文章来分析。假设并不是像文章中所说，而是这个人把衣服扔进洗衣机，在按动洗衣按钮的那一瞬间，一下子想起口袋里还有这个月省下来的100块私房钱，赶紧把钱“救”了出来，这里用save更加妥当。因为纸币还没有被损坏，不幸的事尚未发生。但文章中要描述的情景是：这100块私房钱已经和衣服一起在洗衣机里折腾了有一段时间（第二句的then表示这个人过了好一会才缓过神来，为第三句描述纸币的面目全非打下伏笔：be

whiter than white），这种情况下，在这个人眼里，一场悲剧已经上演，他再去挽救，用rescue是不是更贴切呢？

关于rescue和save讲了这么多，希望大家今后写文章中要字斟句酌，注意同义词的推敲。牢记Mark Twain说的那句话：The

difference between the right word and the almost right word is

just like lightening and lightening bug.适当的词和看似适当的词，他们的区别就好像闪电和萤火虫一样（外貌酷似，内涵却大相径庭）

这个词，它最常用的意思是饲养，喂（动物或者婴儿），

也可以引申为照料植物。作者把dog作为feed的宾语，我们不会有异议，而这里怎么把机器也作为feed的宾语呢？因为作者出了他们的共性，洗衣机的那个翻盖就好像是动物的嘴巴一样，公用一个feed，用的及其精当，妙不可言。同时这也是一种拟人拟物的修辞手法，它给人一种形象的感觉，使动态更传神，另作者笔下生辉！那么除了机器之外，储蓄罐、自动售货机, 公交车上的投币箱都可以成为feed的对

象(feed the money box, feed the vendor 等等)，因为他们有个像“口”的部分。

7.A recent case concerns Jane Butlin whose fiancé, John runs

a successful furniture business.最近的一个例子和Jane有关，她的未婚夫John经营了一家生意兴隆的家具店。

8．特别要指出：a recent case concerns sb 这种由结论过渡到具体例子的衔接性句子。大家应该记得在新概念三册第四课也出现过这样的过渡性句子：„„., as it did in the case of sb。这两个经典结构希望大家能暗记于心，写文章的时候可以信手拈来，为自己文章平添几分地道的英文彩。在眼下各类英语考试中，时不时拿出这样的新概念钻石句型show一下，必会让考官对你刮目相看。

我们举个例子：我们学校有很多三好学生，玛丽就是这么个例子，她门门科都拿第一。

There are many straight-A students in our school, as it did in

the case of Mary, who is a tip student in every are

many straight-A students in our school.A case concerns Mary

who is a tip student in every subject.9．go horse-riding。它是我们熟悉的go doing sth的变体（比如，go fishing, go swimming 等等），就是这里的doing是一个n.+doing的复合词。像go horse-riding这样的构词法，我们再补充几个例子：出去骑自行车兜风 go

bicycle-riding;去放风筝 go kite-flying;出去观光 go sight-seeing;只逛街不花钱 go window-shopping。

10．beautifully-cooked 这个词组很好的表现出了当时那对准夫

妻的心态。他们眼看着一天辛辛苦苦赚来的钱就这么付之东流了，心情应该是沮丧的，但从beautifully-cooked这个词里丝毫看不出沮丧，反倒有点轻松的意味。作者这里用了一个修辞手法——反语（irony），反语除了能起讽刺作用以外，在这里更加表达了作者一种善意的幽默俏皮，营造轻松活泼的气氛。这样的写法反映出作者，或者更大一点说，老外那种积极乐观的人生态度，天塌下来了都不怕，灾难当头了还不忘记幽默一把。类似于这样的反语我们后面的一篇课文也有一例：某人被海关怀疑藏有未经申报的物品，官员们把他拦下，双方折腾了很久才真相大白，他是冤枉的。在耽搁了那么长时间后，这个人匆匆忙忙地继续赶路，作者这样写道：hurry away with precious chalk

marks on the baggage。其中precious一词也是反语，表现出老外的那种乐观大度，风趣幽默，一场尴尬，一切不愉快，随着一个单词便烟消云散了。这种写法 52课 58课都有出现

第八课 A famous monastery

og n看门狗；监督部门a watchdog committee检查委员会

注意中西方对狗的观点不同

2．rash adj 轻率的，草率的

a rash decision草率的决定 a rash promise 轻许的诺言

3．Enclosure enclose 和surround相比 enclose 专指用篱笆 栏杆围起来

另外它还能指信件“随函附上”Enclosed, you will find „„„..cl-封闭，隐藏close关上disclose,泄露closet壁橱include包括exclude不包括clothes衣服

4．connect vt联系起来connect A and B;connect A to / with

B把---和---联系起来

5．At „.meters.学会表示海拔高度的句型

比如： At 1980 meters, Heavenly Lake is the highest tourist

attraction in China.6．试比较there are still a few people who

attempt to cross / a few people still attempt to cross为什么作者

选用前者？我们可以想象一下英国的民族特性，他们的举手投足之间总是那样的有翩翩的绅士风度，讲话表达也带有不紧不慢的优雅之风。他们往往把return说成get back，听上去不那么生硬，就好像他们讲到“因为”不喜欢用because, 而更多的用for一样；讲到“曾经”不爱用once而用there was a time when；讲到“很多人怎么怎么样”不用many people do something, 而更偏爱there are countless

people who„„等等等等，所有这一切都给人一种娓娓道来的感觉。看来，多多研究一下老外的脾性，分析一下老外的思维方式，也能使我们的文章更为native一点。

7．降 drop 描述数量增减的常用动词

升：increase, rise, go up, climb, crawl, soar, shoot up, rocket,

jump, hit 降：decrease, decline, drop, slip, fall, tumble, nosedive,

number of---dropped / went sharply down to---in

number of---climbed / jumped / rose suddenly / went

sharply up / soared to---.There was an evident / obvious /

apparent increase in---from---to---The number of---increased /

rose steadily / gradually from---to---There was a steady / gradual

increase / rise in the number of---from---to---There was a slight

/ slow increase / rise in the number of---from---to The number

of---increased / rose / slightly / slowly f

8． prefer---to---I much prefer dogs to cats.比起猫，我更喜欢狗。

She prefers singing to acting.太喜欢唱歌胜过喜欢表演。→

P69:Ex5 prefer to do sth rather than do sth I prefer to read rather

than sit idle.我宁愿读书，不愿闲坐着。He preferred to stay at

home rather than go with us.他宁愿呆在家里，而不愿和我们一块去。

9． Receive a warm welcome 新概念三还注重“旧词翻新”。课文中不少单词因为学生早早就接触到，往往会被忽略，殊不知英语单词本身含义颇深，又受文化、语境的影响，在句子中表达的意思千变万化。所以新概念三的单词学习强调挖掘单词的本质，掌握词汇含

义的精华。比如，receive这个单词没有同学会说不认识，但若只会用它来造receive a letter, receive a gift这样的词组，那和二册的学生有什么区别呢？在新概念三中我们会学到，receive的宾语可以不仅限于具体的实物，还可以是抽象的效果。因此在新概念三中接触了receive a warm welcome, receive a rude reply, receive praise and

abuse, receive a great deal of attention 等词组后，对于receive这个单词将会有更深刻的理解和更灵活的运用。

10．关于本文背景介绍：

瑞士是欧洲中部的一个小国家，与法国、德国、奥地利、意大利接壤。国家虽小，里面的人却有三种官方语言：German, French and

Italian.瑞士境内多山，大约60%的面积属于阿尔卑斯山区.从飞机上看下去：瑞士既有白雪皑皑的高峰，又有郁郁葱葱的丘壑，还有碧波荡漾的水上景。不是有篇课文说嘛：The Great d Pass

connects Switzerland to Italy.圣伯纳德大山口连接着瑞士和意大利。这里我们来认识一下文章 著名修道院 里的主角——d dog。

圣伯纳德狗体形极大，大约190磅。它们是救生天使，穿行在白雪皑皑的阿尔卑斯山巅营救在瑞士的阿尔卑斯山区迷路或失踪的人，以具带传奇性的救护能力著名。当avalanche（雪崩）发生了，行人被困在雪地里，圣伯纳德狗就会出动，即使深陷2、3米深的厚雪，它们也能开出道来，所以营救身陷雪崩的登山者是再合适不过了。因此被瑞士人视为国宝。

但据近来报道，大名鼎鼎的瑞士圣伯纳德营救犬要下课了。因为体大力壮，搜救犬消耗惊人，每天至少要吃2公斤肉，人们已无力喂养。此外，近年来直升机及其他现代营救设备已逐渐取代搜救犬的功能，据说过去50年间圣伯纳德犬再没有营救过一个人。圣伯纳德狗作为营救卫士的时代终于一去不复返。

第九课 Flying cats

fascinate sb 经典句式 ＝ sb be interested in sth/ sb be

fond of sth/ sb like sth/ sb be crazy about sth fascinate 程度较

attract更深一层

2．affectionate adj亲切的，充满深情的

an affectionate couple恩爱的一对an affectionate hug亲切的拥抱affection n挚爱，慈爱He feels / has a deep affection for his

daughter.他非常疼爱她的女儿。

fect-做effect n效果，影响affect vt影响affected做作的affectation n装腔作势defect n缺点perfect adj完美的

3．A is submissive to B= A submit to B miss, mit投，送missile n导弹mission n使命，使节emit vt释放出intermit dismiss解散

正因为mit本意是传送，submit本意指由下往上传，上交 submit

the essay to the professor

fail to do 双重否定

双重否定，表示肯定的意思

never/ not./ hardly/ no 等否定词＋without There is no fire

without is not uncommon---司空见惯的是 It is not

uncommon to see young loves billing and cooing in the

is not unusual that when a child has a problem, he often turns to

his intimate friends for sympathy and advice, leaving his parents

totally in the dark.5．注意 be suspected of 与 be suspicious of 的区别

注意suspicious 的两个意思

6．remain v联系动词，保持不变，后面可以直接跟形容词、名词、分词做表语。

Despite the danger, she remained calm.尽管面临危险，她仍保持冷静。She remained a widow for the rest of her life.她丈夫去世后他一直没有再嫁人。

The situation remains unchanged.形势依然没有改变。

He remained standing for a good hour.他足足站了一个小时。

7．定语从句与同位语从句的区别

第一，同位语从句只能跟在少数抽象名词的后面（belief, fact,

announcement, news, idea, thought, hope, report, question）；而定语从句的先行词不受限制。

第二，同位语从句与其先行词之间是解释与被解释的关系；而定语从句于其先行词之间是修饰与被修饰的关系。比较：

The rumor(that)he spread everywhere turned out to be not

true.定语从句

The rumor that Tom was a thief turned out to be not true.同位语从句

8．There is a good deal of truth in what you say 你说得很有道理 there is an element of truth in what you say 你说的有那么点道理(参照12课)there is little truth in what you say.你说的没什么道理

9．Ability to survive 动词不定式做定语，与所修饰的名词有三种逻辑关系：

1）同位关系

All our attempts to rescue the child from drowning were in

vain.常见的名词有：ability, agreement, ambition, anxiety,

arrangement, attempt, claim, decision, determination, eagerness,

failure, hope, inclination, need, plan, promise, refusal, resolution,

tendency, wish, reluctance, willingness.2)主谓关系

He is the best man to do the job.他是做这项工作的最佳人选。The train to arrive is from New York.就要到达的火车是从纽约开来的。

3）动宾关系

I have a letter to write.I bought a magazine for her to read

on plane.我买了一本杂志给他在飞机上看。

在这种情况下，如果动词不定式的动词是不及物的，后面就应该加上适当的介词。

I need a pen to write with.(to write with a pen)比如下文就有：there are plenty of high-rise windowsills to fall from

如果学生水平太差就这么说：

三“力”和一“梦”,有些名词只能用to do做定语 *right I have

right to vote.*ability He has ability to speak Spanish.*effort努力

In his effort to run business he earns good money.很多

*dream I have a dream to become an artist.I dream of becoming

an artist.做动词时加of或from

e earthquake 在地震中幸存

She survived her husband by 3 years 比丈夫多活3年

切记survive是及物动词 后面不要受中文影响加个from

有些动词表面看要加介词，实际上不用

┌survive„（不加介词）幸免

├interview sb.会见

├divorce sb.与„离婚 /marry └contact you联系

The little girl survive the flood.I will marry my daughter to

married with ---in common 中间可以加程度：

The two brothers have little in common.这兄弟俩没有多上共同之处。We had a great deal in common.我们有很多共同之处。

也可以像课文加具体东西：

We have one hobby in common 有共同爱好

from死于创伤、饥饿The soldier died from a wound in

the chest.胸部受伤而死。

die of死于疾病、饥饿Many people died of starvation.13.可模仿句型 be the ideal „ for have no shortage of NCE is the ideal

material for English studies for there is no shortage of classic

sentences and structures.14.注意behave like 和 be like 的区别

15．注意推敲 hit the ground 和 reach the ground 的不同

第十课 The loss of the Titanic

1.表示大的高级词汇：dous, giant, titanic ,

gigantic, immense

ight adj不漏水的

watertight tight 译为 not allowing the passage of 所以密封瓶

airtight bottle

tment n密封舱，火车车厢内的分隔间

part-分开，部分depart v离开，死impartial adj公平的participate vt参加participant n参加者particle n分子，微粒counterpart n相对的人或物

4．float当心有in air 和 in water 两层意思

船的行驶sail完全可用float 尘埃 气球在空气中漂浮也用这个词

n客轮，邮轮airliner客机line航线airline航空公司

voyage journey, tour, travel, trip, voyage, excursion, expedition,

cruise 这些名词均含“旅行”之意。

journey:最普通用词，侧重指时间较长、距离较远的单程陆上旅行，也指水上或空中的旅行。

tour:指最后反回出发地，旅途中有停留游览点，距离可长可短，目的各异的周游或巡行。

travel:泛指旅行的行为而不指某次具体的旅行，多指到远方作长期旅行，不强调直接目的地，单、复数均可用。

trip:普通用词，口语多用，常指为公务或游玩作的较短暂的旅行。voyage:指在水上旅行，尤指海上旅行，也可指空中旅行。excursion:较正式用词，常指不超过一天的短时期娱乐性游玩，也可指乘火车或轮船往返特定景点的远足旅游。expedition:指有特定目的远征或探险。cruise:主要指乘船的游览并在多处停靠。

g n冰山

the tip of the iceberg: the small part of a problem(the

problem is much more serious and widespread that it seems to

be.)冰山的一角，端倪This air crash is seen as merely the tip of an

iceberg.这次客机坠毁事件看来只是事情的端倪。

8．collide可以车辆船只飞机碰撞，也可以思维（ideas）等冲突

ly adv 差一点，刚刚（与miss, escape连用）He

narrowly escaped being drowned.她险些淹死。勉强地We

narrowly missed the hitting the other car.我们差一点撞上另一辆汽车。She narrowly missed winning an Oscar.她差一点获得奥斯卡奖。

10．抖的速度由快到慢的

┌shiver打寒战

├tremble（人、物）震颤

├stir挠动，搅动

├shake握手

└quiver内心的战栗

轻微的（声音）

├faint(noise)昏迷的微弱的Faint breath微弱呼吸 ├dim（光线）微弱的├dizzy眩晕giddy └gentle轻，温柔的 gentle pace of living

n abandon具体抛物体

├desert sb.抛弃（情感）

├cast掷

├throw away扔掉

└discard弃掉（无用物）

重点！往往放在最高级或序数词后面，翻译成有史以来，史无前例等

This is the first international meeting that has ever been held

in an Asian country 这是有史以来第一次在亚洲国家举行的国际性会议

ly missing---现在分词短语做状语，表示结果，一般位于句末，其逻辑主语为前面的整个句子，有时为了加强语气，可以在前面加上副词so, thus, thereby, hence等。

Her husband died in 1942, leaving her with five children.她丈夫1942年死了，给他丢下四个孩子。

The snow lasted a week, resulting in a serious traffic problem

in the area.雪下了一个星期，给这一地区造成了严重的交通问题。

He didn’t come today, thereby making necessary for us to

find someone to do his work..他今天没来，使得我们得个人做他

的工作。

三册33课也有类似句型：smashing„„„„

这里表示高度 是静态

16．to one’s delight / relief / horror / joy / satisfaction /

surprise / dismay / disappointment / astonishment / anger /

annoyance / embarrassment / amazement / shame

17.美国的饮食文化

A．some breakfast Dishes(1)scrambled / boiled / fired eggs

炒鸡蛋、煮蛋、煎蛋

(sunny-side-up)一面焦(over)两面焦(easy-over)中间流汤(2)American sausage(3)nuiffins苏油饼 biscuit软饼 B．Salad拉

/ cocktail鸡尾酒 fired onion洋葱 / rings starters发酵剂/ pepper胡椒粉 chicken powder鸡精

leftovers剩菜 / doggy bag食袋

第十一课 Not guilty

有罪的

guiltless adj无罪的，无辜的be guiltless of criminal, guilty 这两个形容词均表示“犯罪的”之意。criminal:侧重指某种行为是违犯法律的，因而应受到惩罚。guilty:主要指某种行为违反道德标准，也可指违犯法律。

2．Tolerable tolerant 区分！

3．fid-信任，相信confide v信任，信赖confidant n知己，心腹confidential adj机要的diffident adj无自信的，羞怯的fidelity n忠诚；精确high-fidelity

4．hardened adj老练的，根深蒂固的

a hardened criminal一个惯犯，一个死不悔改的罪犯a

hardened police officer harden vt使---变硬；使变得冷酷无情(usually passvie)Dennis is becoming hardened to failure.丹尼斯对失败变得不在乎了。

5． exempt adj被免除的(+ from)He is exempt from military

service because of his bad health.他因身体不好而眠服兵役。

vt免除，豁免exempt sb from The school exempts good

pupils from examination.这所学校让优秀的学生免试。She was

exempted from paying tax.她被允许免交税。

6．Unscrew 注意前缀un的用法

7．go through 重点 1)通过

2)经历，经受(experience, suffer)3)仔细检查The country has

gone through two many wars.这个国家经历了太多的战争。

She went through Tom’s jacket pockets and eventually

found the keys.她仔细检查了汤姆的夹克口袋，最终到了钥匙。

8．With great care 比carefully 更正式,更书卷气 类似写法 with

great scorn in little surprise with+抽象名词with delight / great

care / difficulty / ease / joy / satisfaction / We heard with joy that

she had escaped injury.听说他没有受伤，真令人欣慰。

The man walked with difficulty.那个男子步履艰难。with

difficulty艰难地，吃力地

We won the football match with ease.我们轻易地赢了那场比赛。I took one guiltily, lit it and smoked with

light up/ face light up 都表示某人突然间十分高兴

引导非限定性定语从句

as作为关系代词，代表整个主句的内容，同时又保留“如同、像”的含义。We had completely misjudged the situation, as we latter

, as you know, has not been well lately.如你所知，大为近来身体不大好。

要特别注意as在定语从句中做主语的情况（考研的重点）：

He is absent, as is often the case.他与经常一样，没有来。

He is a teacher, as is clear from his manner.这一点从他的举止中可以看出来。

As was expected, he performed the task with success.不出所料，他成功地完成了任务

11．Be greeted by 是一个中性词组 后面可以加褒义东西也可以加贬义东西

它的意思有 “看到 听到 闻到 受到。。。。“ I was greeted by

a sweet smell.甜味扑鼻而来

I was greeted by the freshness of spring.春意跃入眼帘

甚至代替第8课的receive构成 be greeted by a warm welcome.语气词

oops!= shit狗屎

├terrible惨透了

├E„表吃惊

├Aha表高兴

├Wow~ 大惊

├Yup是的，不错

├Yeah是的，不错

├Blah„等等 /bla/ ├Auch„疼痛发出的声音

└Alas唉（遗憾）

第十二课 Life on a desert island

se n天堂，乐土Hangzhou is dubbed as the paradise

on s are a paradise of , sky, paradise 这些名词均有“天”或“天堂”之意。

heaven:作“天空”解时，常用复数，文学用词；作“天堂”解时，多用大写形式，采用单数。

sky:普通用词，指人们头顶上的天空，一般属于笼罩地球的空气层。较少用于指天国或天堂。

paradise与heaven同义，宗教彩浓厚，指好人死后灵魂长存之处，口语中表示乐园或乐事，在宗教典故中，指天主教与基督教中的伊甸乐园。

遥远的

├uninhabited无人居住

├isolated隔绝

└desert island荒凉的┌unpopular不受欢迎的

├deserted此时无人（暂时）

└barren贫瘠

e ＝ sincere/ authentic I’m genuinely sorry for

what I said.我对我说的话表示真诚的歉意。His suitcase is made of

genuine leather.他的手提箱是真皮的。a very genuine person一个真诚的人

gen-gener-生gender n性别gene n基因generate vt产生，造成generation n一代人genetics n遗传学genius n天才congenial

adj意气相投的ingenious adj灵敏的，灵巧的ingenuous adj纯真的，单纯的

4.不错的句型： Most of us have formed an unrealistic picture

of life on a desert sometimes imagine a desert island

to be a sort of paradise where the sun always other

side of the picture is quite the is an element of

truth„„

ripe corn熟玉米

├He is a worker rape in experience.技术熟练

┝mature成熟（思想）

└full-grown长成 把握多重意思：装载货物，照相机装胶卷，支上膛等 引申意思后面课文会出现

6．理解put的意思：explain express 比如： how to put it in

Chinese? Let me put it in another / wished后面的宾语从句

wish / wished具有强烈的感情彩，表示难以实现的愿望或者与事实相违背的情况。

1)对当时的情况表示愿望：宾语从句用一般过去时 I wish I knew

his address.(But I don’t know.)

2)对将来表示希望或祝愿：宾语从句用would / could +动词原形

I wish you would shut up.3)对过去的事情表示遗憾后悔：宾语从句

用过去完成时或者would / could +现在完成时

I wish I had been there.I wish I could have gone with you to

the concert last l difficulties

表愿望wish或if only其中wish常指尚有可能发生的事，而if

only则强调所希望的状况并不存在。在wish和if only后要用过去时表现在，用过去完成时表过去。

(1).They wished they had stayed there longer.后跟过去完成时(2).I wish you would do as you are told.“将要”过去将来时(3).I

wish she could see me now.(4).I wish I had more time to spare.(5).I

wish I hadn’t said anything about it.“说过”本是过去时虚拟成过去完成时，say后几乎全是过去完成时

(6).I wish you hadn’t spent so much money.“花过”同上(7).If only the weather would change.(8).If only you would try a

little harder!(9).If only we could have gone to the party!(10).If

only I would become a scientist.如果„该多好啊 后跟would很少跟could

hunger, famine, starvation 这些名词均有“饥饿”之意。hunger:普通用词，指人体对于食物迫切需要的正常生理现象。

famine:指因天灾人祸而引起大规模饥荒；用作引申，指严重缺乏某种物资或人力。

starvation语气比hunger强得多。指因长期缺乏食物所造成的痛苦，甚至死亡，侧重人为的灾难所致。

第十三课 It’s only me

1．costume 和生活服装对应 戏服 化妆服 民族服装

national costume ancient costume

2．consist of 1.不用于被动语态2.不用于进行时态 Our class

consists of 10 boys and 10 girls.注意区分它与：be made of / be

composed of / constitute的区别

sist: stand —— insist persist resist assist consist

3．comfortable adj1.舒适的，舒服的；自在的a comfortable

chair / pair of

shoes / income舒服的椅子/鞋子/相当不错的收入live / lead a

comfortable life过着舒服的生活She doesn’t feel comfortable

with strangers.她在生人面前不自在。

4．storeroom 可以借此说一下西方房屋内部结构

5．Pace 和step 区别：

后者一般只于walk搭配；而前者强调步幅，可以于任何行走方式搭配，比如：jump several paces/ run several paces/ move several

paces/ 另外pace作为动词有焦急踱步的意思 可以带一下

6．Flee和escape的区别：一般前者强调过程 后者强调结果 flee逃离（某个危险的境地）

They were forced to flee（from）the country / flee abroad.他们被迫逃离这个国家/ 逃到国外。

She fled the kidnappers and telephoned the police.她从者那里逃脱，给警方打了电话。

escape（从某个囚禁的地方，如监狱，笼子）逃出

They managed to escape from the burning house.他们设法从这个着火的旅馆里逃了出来。

7．slam v砰的一声关上

常见的拟声词： bubble冒泡，沸腾whistle口哨声rustle沙沙声drum鼓 ring铃声chug机器的喀扎声

bang猛撞bomb boom兴旺，隆隆声scratch刮，擦

bump撞击dump倾倒，嘭的一声放下gallop马飞奔drip滴下

drop滴pump气筒 crack破裂click点击snap突然折断tap轻敲

8．dress up as装扮成The children dressed up as pirates.孩子们装扮成海盗。

也有dress up oneself as 的说法，所以有了下面的做法：

Dressed up as a white-collar, Alf went to work.(过去分词作伴随状语)

注意本文出现的4处表示穿衣的词组： dress up as / put on/ try

on/ was a knock on the door 模仿： there is a ring on

the door 还是符合英国人讲话的风格 参见第8课

wanting to„..现在分词短语做状语，表示原因。

Being unable to afford a car, he bought a bicycle.由于买不起汽车，他买了一辆自行车。

Not knowing what to do he telephoned the police.因为不知道怎么办，他给警察打了个电话。

Being interested in the relationship of language and thought,

Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language

determines the structure of habitual thought in a society.（05考研/翻译）

3/30 L18: Fearing the authorities, Eric remained in hiding

after the war was over.11．Realized that it must be the man from

the Electricity Board who..定语从句与先行词的分离

定语从句一般紧跟在所修饰的现行词的后面，但有时会被其他的修饰成分隔开。

3/30 L10: No one suspected that there might be someone

else on the farm who had never been seen.3/36 L20:---in a village

fifty miles away where he had remained ever out a

cry / a laugh/ a sigh/ black smoke/ bad smell/ a secret 挖掘这个词组后面加的宾语

第十四课 A noble gangster

1．gangster 过一下一些不法之徒： smuggler kidnapper

pirate trafficker pickpocket

2．prompt 及时 punctual 准时

(一定要区分 三册无数次出现)

3．Destroy damage spoil等区别

指出学生作文犯的重复错误：destroy completely;master well,

return back, true fact等等

4．remarkable adj不同寻常的，显著的Divorce rate has

registered a remarkable rise in the past few years.在过去的几年里，离婚率显著的增加了。

significant, considerable, marked, noticeable, notable,

perceivable, sizeable dramatic drastic

5．Band 绑 bandage husband

te v奉献，题献给dedicate---to---He dedicate his

first book to his mother.他把他的第一版书题献给他母亲。

They dedicated themselves to helping the poor.他们致力于帮助穷人。

dedicate, devote 这两个动词均有“奉献”之意。

dedicate:正式用词，指献身于某一崇高事业或目的，也可指把著作题献给他人。

devote:普通用词，指决心把全部身心、精力、时间等献给某一目标，某一个人或致力于某一事业。

7．Memory 记一句口语：if my memory serves me.如果我没记错的话

8．val-强壮valid健康的，有效的invalid有病的；病人prevalent盛行的，普遍的

9．There was a time when 再次回顾第8，13课英国人的讲话风格 那么是不是有启示了？

“在世界的某个地方，人们习惯用点头表示不。”

Somewhere in the world, 这种大众化的平庸表达落伍啦，可以退休了！不妨试着模仿老外的口气：There is a place in the world

where people express no by nodding，这样的语句是不是为你的文章多添了几分雅致？

10．in return for---作为对---的回报，作为---的交换

What can I do in return for your kindness? 我怎么才能报答你的好意呢？

口语中用for即可 这里考虑到书面语的正式

11．Put sb out of business 这里是新三第二次出现put的经典

意思： 第一处：12课 理解为explain 这里: 理解为使某人处于一个境地 what you said put me in a bad mood

ing „„„„„„可以注意一下作者主语的多样性

其实现在分词作主语 来代替老掉牙句型 it is not a modern crime

to obtain„.是不是可爱了很多啊？！

13．as long ago / early / recently / late as早/近在---用来加强语气，一般用于书面语中

Maria died as long ago as 1920.玛丽亚早在1920年就去世了。I saw him as recently as last March.去年三月我还见到他呢。I saw

her as late as last week.上个星期还看到他呢。

14．would rather do A than do B have sth done 这两个结构是这个句子的重点 特别后者

have sth done不再是 叫别人帮你做事 而是：遭受一你不愿意看到的结果

比如： I had my purse stolen on my way here

a name for oneself / make one’s name出名，成名

Yang Liwei made a name for himself as the first Chinese

known to others as 很好的词组

有了它我们不用说 call sb sth 了 呵呵

比如：we call Heavenly Lake a famous tourist attraction 现在可以改善一下：Heavenly Lake is known to us all as a famous

tourist attraction

17．come与动词不定式连用，表示经过一过程而发生某种情况，逐渐地

How did you come to know him? He came to realize that he

was mistaken.I hope we shall be friends and come to understand

each other.18．be at war 静态 fight 动态

19．State funeral 文化：英美国家聚会

1)birthday / wedding party非常正式 2)strawberry-picking

party采摘节

3)brown-bag party自带食品聚会（牛皮纸带）4)Christmas

tree-trimming party妆扮树 5)cocktail party鸡尾酒会

6.)fall foliage party秋天观景聚会（树叶）7.)stag party男性参加入聚会

8)house-warming parth暖房聚会（迁新居）9.)garden party花园（三四人）10.)quitting party女性聚会

11)gay party(lesbion女)男同性恋聚会

l difficulties 1)I prefer to wait here.├I would rather

wait here.└I would sooner wait here.2.)I prefer not to wait here.├I

would rather not wait here.└I would sooner not wait here.3)It

would be better if he waited here.└I’d rather he waited here.4)It

would be better if he did not wait here.└I’d rather he didn’t

wait here.*would rather +别人+一般过去时

1)I’d rather go to the cinema.2)I’d rather he left earlier

3)I’d rather you didn’t speak to him.4)I’d rather not

speak about it.5)I’d rather my father settled the

account.6)she’d rather you didn’t tell anyone about it.第十五课

Fifty pence worth of trouble

1．看课题回忆第6课相同的词组

2．appreciate vt欣赏，感激

appreciate works of art欣赏艺术作品We appreciate your

helping us.谢谢你帮助我们。

preci-= price价值precious宝贵的preciousness宝贵depreciate贬值，轻视depreciation贬值

所以appreciate 还有升值的意思

3．rattle-snake响尾蛇

y节俭的，节约的a thrifty housewife / meal节俭的家庭主妇/简单的一顿饭be thrifty with grain节约粮食frugal adj using

only as much money as is necessary节俭的 stingy, tight-fisted

economical, thrifty 这两个形容词都表示“节约的”之意。

economical:指正当使用财物，强调节省，避免浪费。thrifty:侧重节缩开支，积蓄收入。

5．bounce 与spring 的区别：前者在硬表面上跳 后者在软表面上跳 另外bounce常常引申为一个人精力充沛a bouncy person精力充沛的人

6．pavement n人行道 非斑马线

pave the way for: make possible为---铺平道路The agreement

paves the way for a lasting peace.这项协议为持久的和平铺平了道路。

7． Stick 粘 卡住（fish bone/ drawer./ zip等）

8． Provide a regular supply of be a source of sth 学习作者的写作手法，用两个截然不同的短语表达同一个意思

9．Go a long way已由空间概念转换成时间概念：last a long

period of time

up a money box 仔细观察一下这句话，大家有没有这样的疑问：fill是个及物动词，可以

直接跟宾语，为什么这里作者要加一个介词up? 这里的up 起了强调作用，强调前面那个动作的完全、彻底，有completely的意思。因此，up在这里强调，孩子一般并不是满足于把钱放进储蓄罐 而是把储蓄罐填的满满的

up的这种用法，前文也有出现：第7课chew up the money(up在这里强调，狗一般并不是把钱咬成一半或几部分，而是他们喜欢把钱咬得粉碎。)

掌握up这个用法，相信可以解释大家很多的疑团。Have you

finished up the dinner？原来你会以为这里的up是画蛇添足了，现在知道了，Up是强调问话人的一种口气：你到底有没有把饭全吃掉？没有up，变成：你吃完饭了吗？句子的语气变浅，问话人想要表达的意思也就变了味。那么同样，如果你要问孩子： 牛奶你到底喝光了没有？

Have you drunk up the milk? 门有没有完完全全锁好了？

Have you locked up the door? 你的储蓄罐有没有装满啊？

Have you filled up your money box? 我厌烦了城市生活。

I am fed up with life in the city.(feed是“喂”的意思，都把你给喂饱了，你能不厌烦吗？)70年代末，同志提出了“改革开放“政策，为什么英语中是open-up policy，而不是单单的open

policy, 也是强调我们的开放是全面的开放，是敞开国门，走向世界的开放。

另有一个词与up有着异曲同工之妙的是out，也可以跟在动词后面表示动作的完全性。比如：die out（死光，绝种），sell out（货物售罄），I gave out（精疲力竭），put out the fire（把火完全扑灭），write/list out the things I want（把我要的东西原原本本列出来）。参见22课课文

11．find one’s way(to / into---)1.到达目的地2.流入，进入

Rivers found their way to the sea.条条江河通大海。

如今电脑已经进入寻常百姓家。Nowaday computers have

found their way to the common households in China.12.体会作者的几个用词：along down roll up push through anywhere rub

using 等等等等

13．what is more, what is worse而且，表示递进的过渡词。even worse, to pour oil on the fire, 过渡词语承上启下、穿针引线，可使段落的联系更为紧密，层次更为分明。下面是主体段写作中一些常用的过渡词语： 1）表示顺序的过渡词语： firstly, secondly,

thirdly---;first, second, third,---;first of all, in the first place, in the

second place, in the first instance, in the

second instance, for one thing,---for another, to begin with,

next, also, besides, furthermore, moreover, in addition, what is

more, beyond that, finally, last but not least.2)表示因果关系的过渡词语

consequently, as a consequence, as a result, therefore, thus,

so, accordingly, because of this, hence, for this reason, given the

reasons, 3)表示比较的过渡词语

equally important, likewise, similarly, in the same way,

equally important, 4）表示对比转折的过渡词语

however, on the contrary, yet, whereas, on the other hand, in

/ by contrast, conversely, nevertheless, instead, whereas 5）表示举例的过渡词语 for example, for instance, as an example, as an

illustration, as a case in point, let’s take---as an example, for

example, such as, say, namely

第十六课 Mary had a little lamb

vt拴，系untie解开

tie a dog to a post把狗拴在柱子上be tied in a wedlock结为伉俪

Two actresses tied for the Best Actress Award.两名女演员并列获得最佳女演员奖。

n联系，平局，领带maintain close ties with the masses与众保持密切联系

The match end in a tie.比赛打成平局。

vt指责，指控accuse sb of---谴责某人---；指控某人犯---罪 He was accused of corruption / robbery / murder / fraud

/ taking bribes.他被控贪污/受贿。

The teacher accused him of cheating in the examination.老师指责他考试作弊。

The driver was accused of speeding.这个司机被指控超速。be

falsely accused of fraud被诬告行骗

doing sth There is no denying that---很显然---There

is no denying that this is a serious blow to the government.很清楚，这件事给给政府一个严重的打击。.There is no blinking

/sidestepping the fact that---

d adj感到羞耻，惭愧，在句中作表语be ashamed of---You ought to be ashamed of yourself / your behaviour.你应该为

自己/自己的行为感到羞耻。

He was ashamed of having lied to her.他因对它撒了慌而感到惭愧。区别它与shameful 的区别

shameful可耻的shameful behavior可耻的行为 shameless无耻的，不要脸的

5．dye v染（dies, dyed, dyeing）dye sth + adj She dyed the

dress green.她把连衣裙染成绿。Sunset dyed the sky red.夕阳染红了天空。

区分它与52课tint的差别

6．过去分词做宾语不足语keep it tied to a tree I keep this gun

loaded.我总是把装上子弹。

You’d better had your shoes mended.你最好请人把鞋子补一补。

He has difficulty making himself understood.他不能让别人理解自己。He wanted his eggs fried.他想把鸡蛋煎着吃。

He once heard the song sung in German.又一次他听人用德语唱这支歌。

7．It is true that---, but----诚然---，但是---admittedly, There

is no denying that---

It is true that„but„（转折）

It is true that she is a charming lady, but she is cold-hearted

to is true that China is a developing country, but she has

great potential（潜力）for development.8．形容词短语做状语，表示原因。

Afraid of difficulties, they prefer to take the easy road.由于害怕困难，他们更愿意走那条好走的路。

Worried about her daughter, she went to London to visit her.由于挂念女儿，她到伦敦去看他。

Anxious for a quick decision, the chairman called for a vote.主席急于快速做出决定，要求投票表决。

Overjoyed, she dashed out of the house.她大喜过望，急忙跑了出去。

precious(本身具有价值)珍贵的

├valuable(内在价值)主观词

├invaluable无价之宝的

├prize(情感上有价值)珍爱的└dear价格高，贵的第十七课 The

longest suspension bridge in the world

sion suspend pend-pens-悬挂

independence独立pending未决定的pendulum钟摆

suspend : stop sth temporarily Fred is suspended from

school for a week for bad conduct.弗雷德因品行不良被停学一周。

但这个词的本意就是hand 悬挂

2．感受学过的几个“位于”的异同：be located be situated

stand(第三课)

3．immortal adj永生的，流芳百世的；流芳百世的伟人

Shakespeares is one of those immortals.莎士比亚是流芳百世的伟人之一。mort-死亡immortality不朽，不死mortal不免一死的mortally致命地mortician殡葬业者mortgage抵押

4．span 把握这个词的关键是“跨越” 时间 空间都可以 span n跨度； Over a span of three years a surprising amount has

achieved.在三年的时间里，取得了惊人的成就。Life span寿命

5．capacity n the amount something can hod or contain承受量；容量

The seating capacity of the theatre is 1500.这歌剧院有五百个座位。The factory has a productive capacity of 200 cars a week.这家工厂的最高生产能力为每星期200辆汽车。a capacity crowd.坐得得满满的观众

He attended my party in a private capacity 身份

6．elegant ad having the quality of beauty and grace优美的，别致的 a elegant woman一个高雅的女子 / an elegant piece of

furniture 一件精美的家具/ elegant clothes 精致的衣服/ elegant

manners优雅的举止

leg-, lect 选择elegance n典雅，高雅 elegible合格的 negligible可疏忽的，不重要的 negligent疏忽的 negligence疏忽

7．带介词的关系代词

在正式的用法中，可以用介词加关系代词来引导定语从句。关系代词whom指人；关系代词which 指物，whose既可指人，有可指物。有四种情况：

1）prep + which / whom---The person to whom this letter

was addressed died three years ago.这封信的收信人三年前去世了。2)prep + which / whose + N---The minister was the person in

whose honor the state dinner was given.这就是为他举行国宴的那位部长。In 1980 he caught a serious illness from whose effect he

still suffers.34

1980年，他得了一场大病，到现在他还受害。

8．sb, about whom little is known 鲜为人知

把这个短语摇身一变： sb, about whom much/ little is known

the midst of which flowed a great river 倒装

表示方位的介词短语放句首 句子全倒

In the center of the school stands a fountain.10．复合介词短语 + which 引导定语从句in the midst of which---Sound is a tool

by means of which people communicate ideas with each other.声音使人们互相交流思想的工具。

Here’s the dictionary, in the back of which you’ll find a list

of proper names.这就是那本辞典，在它的后面你可以看到一个专有名词表。

named after sb name after（为纪念某人、某物）以---的名字命名

Harvard University was named after its founder, John

Harvard.哈佛大学是以其创始人约翰哈佛的名字而命名的。The

machine is named after its inventor.这台机器是以其发明者的名字命名的。

12．记号形容东西高度深度的句型： rise to a height of extend

to a depth of 形容东西很长 比如 海岸线有好几千米长

The coastline extends/stretches thousands of meters.13.体会be packed with、be crowded with 以及 be loaded with 的程度区别

14．Fulfill one’s dream/duty/ promise

15．本文既然提到纽约 可以作一个简单常识介绍

16．纽约 New York City，又被人们称为大苹果“Big Apple”,

追溯其来源：1920－1930年间，爵士音乐大行其道，已有个爵士乐手大唱‘成功树上苹果何其多，但如果你挑中了纽约，你便挑中了最大的苹果’ There are many apples on the success tree, but when

you pick New York City ,you pick the Big Apple.因为纽约薪水相对较高，而且喜欢欣赏音乐的人也很多，这些爵士乐手来到纽约，他们的音乐就有了市场。后来人们就把Big Apple 和纽约联系起来了。

可参考一篇阅读：

The New York City Visitor's Bureau says jazz musicians and

other entertainers first called New York the Big Apple fifty years

that time jazz musicians earned money by performing in

many cities and towns across the United usually

played their music in a different town each the

performers would like to play in New York City best of

York was the place with the best-paid jobs, the most money to

earn, and a greater number of people for jazz music.A performer

was not considered successful until he was successful in New

early jazz musicians described each town and city in

America as an apple on a lly they called New York City

the Big a night club was named The Big Apple, and a

popular dance was also called The Big no one except

jazz musicians and some entertainers used this term to describe

New York fifteen years ago, the city officials wanted to

get more people to visit New needed a new symbol for

their remembered the stories of the jazz musicians and

began using the Big Apple in their idea

so many persons from different parts of the world

come and visit New York City every may probably know

New York's nickname, though they may not know why the city is

called the Big Apple.纽约是世界特大城市之一，美国最大的金融、商业、贸易和文化中心。由曼哈顿、布朗克斯、布鲁克林、昆斯和里士满5个区组成。

第十八课 Electric currents in modern art

-跑occur发生 occurrence事件，发生 recur在发生，重现

incur招致

所以掌握current这个词不能靠中文，要一种动态的感觉：

electric current 电流 air current 气流

water current水流 current affairs 时事

currency n 货币 foreign currency 外币

2．hibit-拿exhibitioner展览者 exhibitor参加展览会的人

inhibit阻止，抑制 inhibited性格拘谨的，内向的 prohibit禁止

prohibition禁止 prohibitor禁止者

v连，系 A is attached to B Attached, you will find „„.随函附上（相当与第8课的enclosed）

4．repel pel: drive 驱赶

掌握这个词根 很多类似单词迎刃而解：

compel强迫 dispel驱散 expel开除，驱逐propel 促进

repellent adj驱逐的，令人厌恶的；驱虫剂The idea of eating

dog meat is repellent to him.她一想到吃够人就恶心。

5．Flicker flash 不同：

flicker（灯光等）摇曳，不稳定昏暗的光a flickering candle摇曳

的蜡烛 flash 迅速猛烈刺眼的光 比如闪电 a flash in the pan 昙花一现

6．Emit 复习词根mit :send(第9课已经学过)emit vt to send

out(, light, smell, sound, etc.)放射，发出The chimney

emitted a cloud of smoke.烟囱里冒出一股烟雾。the exhaust

emitted by cars emission 排放

7．peculiar adj strange or unusual, displeasing way奇怪的，异常的;2)belonging only to a particular place, time, person,

etc.特有的(to)This style of cooking is peculiar to the southwest of

the country.这种烹饪风格是着国家西南部所特有的。

any more 中的not可以自由改成任何否定词： rarely

hardly seldom 类似比如：

He takes little interest in art familiar to sb---（某事物）为某人所熟悉

Is this area familiar to you? 你熟悉这一地区吗？ be familiar

with sth---（某人）熟悉---I am not really familiar with the custom

here.我并不真正通晓这里的风俗。

The house is familiar to him.= He is familiar with the

shaped „„„..everyone

这句话的结构一定要分析清楚 主语中心词form 前前后后三层定语

11．in response to = in answer to作为---的答复/反应She

went to open the door in response to the knock.她听到敲门声去开门。

in response作为回答，作为反映 He waved his hand in

response.她挥手作答。

respond to对---做出反应She didn’t respond to his

advances.她对他的求爱没有做出反应。

12．Lined up against the wall, 这部分可以看成定语 也能看成状语

总之是个好句子！Against 有靠着的意思