下册Lesson2

Lesson Two In the Laboratory 打印本页

一、词 汇

laboratory n. 实验室

enroll v. 登记，注册

reach v. 伸手取

specimen n. 标本，样品

alcohol n. 酒精

disappointed adj. 失望的，沮丧的

disappointment n. 失望，沮丧

gaze v. 凝视，盯着

challenging adj. 有挑战性的

unpleasant adj. 讨厌的，使人不愉快的

set v. 着手；决心

disgusting adj. 十分讨厌的，令人恶心的

ghastly adj. 苍白的，死人一般的

beneath prep. 在„下面

sideways adv. adj. 侧面的；横向的

magnifying glass n. 放大镜

instrument n. 仪器，器械

limited adj. 受限制的，有限的

field n. 范围，领域

desperation n. 绝望

scale n. （鱼、蛇等的）鳞，鳞片

nonsense n. 无意义的行为

strike v. （一种想法）突然产生

feature n. 特点，特征

creature n. （包括人类的）生物，动物

encouraging adj. 激励的，振奋人心的

attentively adv. 专心地，聚精会神地

brief adj. 简洁的，简短的

air n. 神态，样子

earnestly adv. 认真地

visible 可见的，看得见的

plainly adv. 明白地，易懂地

misery n. 苦恼，痛苦，不幸

wretched adj. 讨厌的，悲惨的，可怜的

criticism n. 批评

close n. 终结，结束

inquire v. 询问

next best adj. 次好的，居第二位的

disconcerting adj. 令人紧张的，使人心慌的

account n. 说明，解说；报告

reassuring adj. 使人放心的，给人打气的

symmetrical adj. 对称的

paired adj. 成对的

thoroughly adv. 完全地，彻底地

repay v. 回报，偿还

wakeful adj. 不眠的，睡不着的

most adv. 非常，很，极

enthusiastically adv. 热情地，热心地

point n. 特征，品质

artificial adj. 人造的，人工的

aid n. 辅助器具

repeat v. 重说；重做

similarity n. 相似之处

family n. （生物）科

part v. 使分开，分离

part with 丢掉，卖掉，放弃

observe v. 观察，注意到

orderly adj. 有秩序的，有条理的

arrangement n. 排列；安排

urge v. 驱策；激励；推动

connection n. 联系；关系

in connection with 与„„相关联

law n. 规律

二、课文分析

I entered Professor Agassiz's laboratory, and told him I had enrolled my name in

the Scientific School as a student of natural history.

one's name 注册某人的名字；the Scientific School:自然科学院

natural history:自然史

"When do you wish to begin?"

"Now," I replied.

This seemed to please him, and with an energetic "Very well!" he reached from a shelf

a huge jar of specimens in yellow alcohol. "Take this fish," he said, "and look at it;

by and by I will ask what you have seen." With that he left me. I was disappointed, for

gazing at a fish did not seem to be challenging enough to an eager student, and the alcohol

had a very unpleasant smell. But I said nothing and began to work immediately.

seemed to please him, and with an energetic "Very well!" he reached from a

shelf a huge jar of specimens in yellow alcohol.

seem to do sth. 好像„

这似乎让他很高兴，（于是）他精神饱满地说了一句"好极了！"，就伸手从架子上取下一只大瓶子，里面的黄酒精中浸泡着标本。

and by I will ask what you have seen."

By and by: before long, soon 过一会，不久

gazing at a fish did not seem to be challenging enough to an eager student：

gazing at a fish 是动名词短语，作主语。

因为对一个求知欲强的学生来说，光是目不转睛地盯着一条鱼似乎不能足以发挥其才能。

the alcohol had a very unpleasant smell.

And 引出另一个并列从句，意思是“而且，此外尚有„”

而且那酒精有一股难闻的气味。

I said nothing and began to work immediately.

但是我什么也没说，马上就开始工作了。

In ten minutes I had seen all that could be seen in the fish, and started to look

for the Professor---who had, however, left. Half an hour passed---an hour ----another

hour; the fish began to look disgusting. I turned it over and around; looked it in the

face---- ghastly; from behind, beneath, above, sideways-----just as ghastly. I must not

use a magnifying glass, nor instruments of any kind. Just my two hands, my two eyes,

and the fish: it seemed a most limited field of study. With a feeling of desperation

again I looked at that fish. I pushed my finger down its throat to feel how sharp the

teeth were. I began to count the scales in the different rows, until I was convinced

that was nonsense. At last a happy thought struck me --- I would draw the fish; and now

with surprise I began to discover new features in the creature. Just then the Professor

returned.

ten minutes had seen all that could be seen in the fish

不出十分钟，我把那条鱼身上能看到地东西全看完了。

fish began to look disgusting

这条鱼开始看起来令人恶心。

it in the face---- ghastly; from behind, beneath, above, sideways-----just

as ghastly.

look sb./sth. in the face / eyes : 正视（某人或某事）。

正面看它，毫无气，死一样地苍白；从后面看，从下面看，从侧面看都一样。

10.I must not use a magnifying glass, nor instruments of any kind.

must not ：一定不许，一定不要，表强烈地阻止

我不能使用放大镜，不能使用任何类型的仪器。

seemed a most limited field of study.

most: very

这个研究范围似乎太狭窄了。

a feeling of desperation again I looked at that fish.

带着无可奈何的心情，我再次去看那条鱼。

13.I began to count the scales in the different rows, until I was convinced that

was nonsense.

row: 横排 queue :纵列，队伍（手写板）

be convinced „确信„

我开始数一行行的鱼鳞，直到我确信这样做毫无意义。

last a happy thought struck me.

strike: 突然有了想法、主意

A good idea struck me.

我突然有了一个好主意。

It struck him how foolish his behavior had been.

他突然意识到自己过去的行为多么愚蠢。

15.I would draw the fish; and now with surprise I began to discover new features

in the creature.

我可以把鱼画出来；令我惊奇的是我开始在那家伙身上发现新的特征。

"That is right," said he, "a pencil is one of the best of eyes." With these encouraging

words, he added, "Well, what is it like?"

16."That is right," said he, "a pencil is one of the best of eyes."

eyes 在这里指"观察力"

"做得对，"他说，"使用铅笔是最好的观察方式之一。"

He listened attentively to my brief description. When I finished, he waited as if

expecting more, and then, with air of disappointment.

waited as if expecting more

他等了等，好像觉得我应该再说些什么。

then, with air of disappointment:

然后，带着失望的神

"You have not looked very carefully; why," he continued more earnestly, "you haven't

even seen one of the most visible features of the animal, which is as plainly before

your eyes as the fish itself; look again, look again!" and he left me to my misery.

have not looked very carefully; why：

你可没有仔细观察。Why 在这里是感叹词，表示惊讶。

is as plainly before your eyes as the fish itself：

（这一最明显的特征）就像这条鱼一样，清清楚楚地摆在你眼前。

he left me to my misery.

（交代完之后）他就不管我了，让我自己去面对烦恼。

I was hurt. Still more of that wretched fish! But now I set myself to my task with

a will, and discovered one new thing after another, until I saw how just the Professor's

criticism had been. The afternoon passed quickly; and when, towards its close, the

Professor inquired, "Do you see it yet?"

21.I was hurt.

我的自尊心受到了伤害。

more of that wretched fish!

还得继续去面对那条讨厌的鱼！

I saw how just the Professor's criticism had been.

until：直到„才

just =fair在这里作形容词，表公正的

s its close

下午即将过去。

"No," I replied, "I do not, but I see how little I saw before."

25．but I see how little I saw before.

但是我认识到了我原来所看出来的实在是太少了。

"That is next best, "said he earnestly, "But I won't hear you now; put away your

fish and go home; perhaps you will be ready with a better answer in the morning. I will

examine you before you look at the fish."

is next best

next best: 仅次于

那也不错。

was disconcerting. Not only must I think of my fish all night, studying,

without the object before me, what this unknown but most visible feature might be, but

also, without reviewing my discoveries, I must give an exact account of them the next

day.

这真让人紧张。我不但必须整夜去考虑那条鱼，鱼不在面前，要反复琢磨那未知而又极其明显的特征是什么，而且在无法重温已经发现的特征的情况下，还要在第二天准确地描述那些特征。

The friendly greeting from the professor the next morning was reassuring. He seemed

to be quite as anxious as I that I should see for myself what he saw.

seemed to be quite as anxious as I that I should see for myself what he saw.

be anxious that „急切做某事

他好像与我的心情完全一样，急切希望我能看到他所看到的一切。

"Do you perhaps mean," I asked, "that the fish has symmetrical sides with paired

organs?"

fish has symmetrical sides with paired organs

那条鱼有对称的两边，而且它的器官都是成对出现的。

His thoroughly pleased "of course!" repaid the wakeful hours of the previous night.

After he had talked most happily and enthusiastically ---as he always did ---upon the

importance of this point, I asked what I should do next.

thoroughly pleased "of course!" repaid the wakeful hours of the previous

night.

他极为高兴地说了个"对！"，使我感到头天夜里好几小时的思考没有白费。

"Oh, look at your fish!" he said, and left me alone again. In a little more than

an hour he returned, and heard my new list.

"That is good, that is good!" he repeated, "but that is not all; go on." And so for

three long days he placed that fish before my eyes, forbidding me to look at anything

else, or to use any artificial aid. "look, look, look," was his repeated instruction.

that is not all

不过你还没有说全。

The fourth day, a second fish of the same group was placed beside the first, and

I was told to point out the similarities and differences between the two; another

followed, until the entire family lay before me.

32.a second fish of the same group was placed beside the first

a second：又一个，另外的 the second：第二的

另一条同属的鱼摆放在第一条的旁边。

r followed, until the entire family lay before me.

然后，又是一条，接着另一条，直到同科所有鱼种全都摆到了我的面前。

This was the best lesson I ever had. It has influenced the way I have studied ever

since. It was something the Professor gave me, which we could not buy, with which we

could not part.

has influenced the way I have studied ever since.

ever since: 从那以后一直

自此以后，我的一切学习和研究的方法无不受益于这一课。

was something the Professor gave me, which we could not buy, with which we

could not part.

这是教授给我的礼物，是金钱买不到的无价之宝，是一笔不能随便丢弃的财富。

While training the students in the method of observing facts and their orderly

arrangement, Professor Agassiz urged them not to be content with just facts. "Facts are

stupid things," he would say, "until brought into connection with some general law."

training the students in the method of observing facts and their orderly

arrangement

在训练学生观察事物及其规律性的排列时

37."Facts are stupid things," he would say, "until brought into connection with some

general law."

他常说：“事实本身意义不大，只有与某一自然法则联系起来时才有意义。”

Useful Expressions

seem to (do) 好像，似乎

forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事

be content with 满足于

enroll in 成为„的一员

He wanted to enroll(his name) in the swimming class.

He wants his best friend at college to enroll in the same club.

enroll 录取

160 new students have been enrolled in the English Department this year.

今年英语系录取了160名学生。

We enrolled him as a member of the society.

我们吸收他为学会会员。

be convinced that 确信

三、语法及练习

（一）动词句型

主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补语（现在分词）

Louise could hear someone singing far away.

The Jewish man wanted me trying to read that paper.

1.用于这一句型的动词，一类是感知动词（catch, discover, feel, find, hear, leave,

notice, observe, overhear, perceive, see, smell, sport, spy和watch），另一类是使役动词（get, have, keep, set和start）。

2.除动词have和start外，其他动词一般可用于被动结构，即将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语，但主动结构要更为自然。如：

I was watched (by the Jewish man) trying to read that paper.

3.动词feel，hear，notice，see，observe，overhear和watch后既可接现在分词作补语，又可接不带to的不定式作补语，这二者的区别是：前者表示正在进行的动作，而后者则着重表示从头到尾的全过程。如：

She watched her son cross the road.

她看着儿子过了马路。（注视着全过程）

She watched her son crossing the road.

她看着儿子过马路。（不一定是全过程）

（二）Vocabulary Exercises

Form words according to the following rules of word formation.

*名词+al/-ial（„„的；具有„„性质的；关于„„）→形容词。如：

national国家的 natural自然界的 exceptional 例外的 traditional 传统的 editorial编辑的

*动词+ant/-ent（处于„„的状态的；进行„„动作的）→形容词。如：

pleasant使人愉快的 determinant 决定性的 repentant感到或表示懊悔的 tolerant忍受的 different 不同的

1）Add -al/-ial to the following words to from adjectives, making changes in spelling

wherever necessary.

center culture manager region

2. Add -ant/-enl to the following words to from adjectives, making changes in spelling

wherever necessary.

hesitate urge resist

（三）语法 must can could may

请阅读教材下册P49~53

mustn't do sth. 一定不要（注意：不是不必须）

You mustn't watch that movie.

你一定不许看那个电影。

1）表示"必须"、"应该"

2）表示推测

（1）主语+must+系动词

He must be at home now. 他现在肯定在家。

（2）用"主语+must be doing"

They must be playing football now.

他们现在准在踢足球。

He must be watering the trees now.

他现在肯定在浇树。

（3）must have done 对过去行为的肯定推测

He looks familiar. We must have seen him before.

他看起来面熟，我们肯定以前见过他。

The room is empty. They must have left.

房间空了，他们肯定已经理开了。

注意：用来推测时，否定形式一般是"can't"，而不用must。

1）表示许可

You can each take three books home.

你们每人可以带三本书回家。

You can't park your car here.

你不能在这里停车。

2）表示能力

She can solve the problem all by herself.

她能独自解决这个问题。

Sometimes he can sit reading for hours on end in the library.

有时他能坐在图书馆里连续读好几个小时的书。

3）表示可能性

The snow is thick. You can ski on the hills.

雪很厚，你能在山上滑雪。

4）表示推测时，"can't"表示不可能（见must条）

could 是can的过去时，但在用法上，他却又许多特殊的地方。

1）Could you„表达较客气的请求

Could you please show me the way to the bus stop?

你能告诉我去汽车站的路吗？

2）"could + have done"表示过去的能力

（1）本来能做但是没做

I could have lent you the money. Why didn't you ask me?

我本可以借钱给你的。你为什么不向我借？

I could have bought the jacket if I had had enough money on me that day.

那天如果我带够了钱，我会买下那件夹克的。

（2）对过去行为的一种猜测

The room is in a mess. Who could have done it?

房间里乱七八糟，是谁干的呢？

3）couldn"t与can't一样都可以表示否定的推测，两者可以替换使用。

1）表示许可

You may park your car here if you pay a fee.

如果你缴费，你可以在这停车。

You may leave the office as soon as you finish your work.

一干完活你就可以离开办公室。

2）may/might表示可能性，might稍带一些怀疑的语气

（1）表示现在或将来的可能性

Ann may/might know Tom's mew address.

安可能知道汤姆的新地址。

（2）"may/might + have done"表示过去的可能性

You may/might have heard of it before.

你或许以前听说过这件事。

He may/might have done it but up to now we haven't got any evidence to prove it.

这事也许是他干的，但到目前为止，我们还没有证据。

't need to do 本来不需要做,而且也没

He didn't need to buy the jacket, so he went back home.

needn't have done 本来不需要做,但是做了

You needn't have washed my clothing. I can wash myself.

主语为物need有两种形式

need doing

need to be done

My jacket needs washing.

My jacket needs to be washed.

作业

1.熟练掌握单词和常用短语，熟读课文两遍以上。

2.P42回答课文问题，请将问题变为陈述句并写下答案。

3.完成Page43－Page46课后作业

4.完成Page49－54语法作业

课后练习

回答课文问题

注意：下面列出的题目必须能做到熟练并准确地写出画线部分！划线的句子尤其应该重点记忆。

第2题、Professor Agassiz’s first assignment for Scudder is to look at a fish from

a huge jar of specimens and then describe to him what he had seen in the fish.

第3题、Scudder didn’t find his first assignment exciting and challenging because

he thought that gazing at a fish was not challenging enough and the alcohol had a very

unpleasant smell.

第4题、 The professor forbid Scudder to use any artificial aids because he wanted

his student to learn how to observe things carefully with his own eyes.

第6题、Scudder began to change his attitude towards observing that fish when he

started to draw the fish and found new features which he had not discovered before.

第7题、Scudder observed the most visible feature of the fish was that the fish had

symmetrical sides with paired organs.

第12题、 Scudder learned from his first lesson how to observe facts and their orderly

arrangement and how to connect them to some general law.

词汇练习

words according to the following rules of word formation.

1）Add -al/-ial to the following words to from adjectives, making changes in spelling

wherever necessary.

center→central culture→cultural manage r→managerial region→regional

2. Add -ant/-ent to the following words to from adjectives, making changes in spelling

wherever necessary.

hesitate→hesitant urge→urgent resist→resistant

ate the following sentences into English

1）Using words or expressions from the text.

（1）这小狗似乎懂得主人的愿望。

The dog seems to understand what its owner wants.

（2）他久久的凝视着这张照片，回顾着过去的岁月。

He gazed at the picture for a long time, thinking about the past.

（3）尽管总经理知道他会碰到许多困难，他还是坚定不移地开始了他的工作。

Though the general manager knew that he would meet a lot of difficulties, he set

himself to work with a will.

（4）突然我有了一个主意--为什么不给他打传呼呢？

A good idea struck me suddenly. Why not beep him right now.

（5）这家报纸用了两个版面叙述了王妃的葬礼。

The newspaper gave a two-page account of the Princess's funeral.

（6）中国政府敦促联合国和平解决这个地区的问题。

Chinese government urged the United Nations to solve the problems of the region

peacefully.

（7）她不满足于目前的英语水平，就报名参加了夜校。

She was not content with her current English level, so she enrolled in evening class.

（8）我们应该把分歧放在一边，为共同的目标努力。

We should put away our differences and work for our common goal.

（9）在这个国家，中学男生不得留长发。

In this country, middle school boys are forbidden to wear long hair.

（10）医生确信她没有必要减肥。

The doctor is convinced that she doesn't need to lose weight.

2）Using Verb pattern 18.

（1）我们想办法让他一直说话。

We tried to keep him talking.

（2）这个笑话逗得我笑了起来

The joke set me laughing.

（3）我闻到燃烧东西的气味。

I smell something burning.

（4）我听到父母在卧室里吵架。

I hear my parents quarrelling in bed room.

（5）这位老人在看孩子们踢足球。

The old man was watching children playing football.

suitable prepositions or adverbs in the blanks.

1）I was walking in the garden when someone jumped out behind a tree.

2）I went to the lecture hall half an hour before the talk in order to secure a seat

the front row.

3）Write and tell me about your life there as a teacher.

4）He turned the toy over and over in his hand, not knowing how to make it work.

5）She was out of breath and told us the news in broken sentences.

6）The baby was sleeping. So they were talking in a low voice.

7） To his surprise, he found his own name was on the list.

8）At last the police caught the man and took several pictures of him, from different

directions.

9）Every time I pass the school, I think of my first English teacher.

10）I have great respect for those cancer patients who look death in the face.

11） “Good-bye and good luck!” with these words, he turned and got on the train.

12）The professor placed one fish after_ another _before_ the student and told him

to point out their differences.

the correct words from the list below in the blanks.

as noise continued hurried examined

following set further passenger parked

One day a motorist （汽车驾驶人）had to stop soon after he had （1） set out from

a country village for London because he heard a strange （2） noise from the back of

his car. He got out and （3） examined the wheels carefully, but as he found nothing

wrong, he （4） continued on his way. Soon the noise began again and now it was louder

than ever. On turning his head, he saw something that looked like a big, dark cloud （5）

following his car. When he stopped in village （6） further on, he was told that a queen

bee （蜂王） must have hidden in his car, （7） as there were thousands of bees nearby.

In order to escape the bees, the man drove away quickly to London. He （8） parked

his car outside a hotel and went in for a drink. Then a customer （9） hurried in to

tell him that his car was covered with bees. The poor motorist telephoned the police.

The police sent a been-keeper who soon found the unwelcome（10） passenger , a queen

bee, hidden near the wheels.

语法练习

te the following sentences with

may, must, or

could.

1） A: May I speak to Mr. Smith?

B: I’m afraid he’s out at the moment. Could you ring back later?

2） We might as well stay here till the weather improves.

3） He said that we could use his computer whenever we liked.

4） His eyesight is poor; he must wear glasses at least in class.

5） You ought to buy a house now. Prices may go up.

6） You must stay at home until I come back in the afternoon.

7） English children must stay at school till 16.

8） May all your wishes come true!

te the following sentences with must, may, can, could, or need plus the

correct infinitive forms.

1） Nobody knew for sure where these people came from. They may have came （come）

from some southern part of the U.S.

2） A: Did you hear the noise last night?

B: No, I must have been （be） asleep.

3） A: We have sent for a doctor.

B: You needn’t have done （do） that. I feel quite all right now.

4） A: I think I saw John in the library yesterday.

B: You can’t have seen （see） him; he is still in Japan.

5） A: I had to walk 20 miles to get there.

B: That must have been （be） very hard.

6） A: Where do you think I can find Tom?

B: I think he is on the beach. He might have been swimming （swim） in the sea

right now.

7） A: I’ve bought some bread.

B: You needn’t have bought （buy） any because we still have plenty at home.

8） A: I felt sick after supper last night.

B: The beef we had for supper must have gone （go） bad.

9） He may have left （leave） for England. But so far, nobody is sure of that.

10） You couldn’t have seen （not see） an airplane in such weather.

You must have been （be） dreaming.

ate the following sentences into English, using nodal verbs.

2)已经8点了，他肯定已经离开家了。

It's eight o'clock now. He must have left at home.

3)那位老人不可能看见什么人走进受害者（the victim）的房间，他是盲人。

That old man couldn't have seen somebody came into the victim's room, because he

was a blind.

6)你本不用给那些玫瑰花浇水的。现在马上就要下雨了。

You needn't have watered those rose. It's rain soon.

7) 房间这么干净，昨晚肯定有人来打扫过。

The room is very clean. Somebody must have cleaned it.

补充练习

阅读理解

Sequoyah was a young Cherokee (柴罗基部落)Indian, son of a white trader and an Indian

squaw（印地安女人）. At an early age, he became fascinated by "the talking leaf", an

expression that he used to describe the white man's written records. Although many

believed this "the talking leaf" to be a gift from the Great Spirit, Sequoyah refused

to accept that theory. Like other Indians of the period, he was illiterate, but his

determination to remedy the situation led to the invention of a unique 86-character

alphabet based on the sound patterns that he heard.

His family and friends thought him mad, but while recuperating（复原）from a hunting

accident, he diligently and independently set out to create a form of communication for

his own people as well as for other Indians. In 1821, after twelve years of work, he

had successfully developed a written language that would enable thousands of Indians

to read and write.

Sequoyah's desire to preserve words and events for later generations has caused him

to be remembered among the important inventors. The giant redwood trees（红杉树）of

California, called "sequoias" in his honor, will further imprint（铭刻）his name in

history.

1. What is the most important reason that Sequoyah will be remembered?

A. California redwoods were named in his honor

B. He was illiterate

C. He created a unique alphabet

D. He recovered from his madness and helped mankind.

did Sequoyah's family react to his idea of developing his own "talking leaf"

arranged for his hunting accident

thought he was crazy

decided to help him

asked him to teach them to read and write

3. What prompted Sequoyah to develop his alphabet？

A. People were writing things about him that he couldn't read.

B. He wanted to become famous.

C. After his hunting accident, he needed something to keep him busy.

D. He wanted the history of his people preserved for future generations.

4. The word illiterate means most nearly .

ned

to read or write

5 Which of the following is NOT true?

ah developed a form of writing with the help of the Cheroke tribe.

B. Sequoyah was a very observant young man

C. Sequoyah spent twelve years developing his alphabet

D. Sequoyah was honored by having some trees named after him.

答案：CBDDA

作业

1.熟练掌握单词和常用短语，熟读课文两遍以上。

2.预习下册Lesson 3