2024版新教材高考英语全程一轮总复习第六讲冠词代词和介词(短语)学生

第六讲 冠词、代词和介词(短语)

高考真题练悟

单句语法填空

1．May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named

officially ________ the United Nations on November 27th, celebrate ________

festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing

on Thursday.[2022·全国乙卷]

2．________ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the

trip.[2022·全国甲卷]

3．The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony,

opening ________ (it) first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition

of Pu'er Tea.[2022·全国乙卷]

4．Since people can't always eat out or cook for ________ (they), they get takeout

or order delivery.[2022·北京卷]

[感悟] 语法填空三谨记

1．判断特指还是泛指

(1)若空格后有单数可数名词，搭配后表示泛指时，应考虑不定冠词a/an；

(2)若发现空格后有名词，搭配后表示特指时，应考虑定冠词the；

(3)看看是否是固定搭配典例。

2．分析句子结构，发现名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时，其前面一般是填介词。

3．分析句子结构，发现指代上文中所提到的人或物时，应考虑用相应的代词。代词分为有提示词、无提示词代词两种形式。

考点多维突破

一、冠词

考点一 不定冠词的3种基本用法及2种灵活用法

3种基本用法

1．表示类指，或指某类中的任何一个。

It is generally accepted that a boy must learn to stand up and fight like a man.

人们普遍认为男孩儿必须学会站起来并像个男子汉一样去奋斗。

2．表示泛指，说话人第一次提及某人或某物时通常用不定冠词。

It was a cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across the night

sky.

那是一个寒冷的冬夜，月亮在夜空中闪耀着。

3．表示量指，不定冠词表示“一”这个数量，但数的概念没有one强烈。

Rome was not built in a day．

罗马非一日建成。/冰冻三尺，非一日之寒。

2种灵活用法

①表示“某一个”，相当于some/a certain。

A Mr Brown came to see you just now.

刚才有一位布朗先生来你了。

②“a(n)＋序数词”表示“又一，再一”；“a most＋形容词”表示“非常，很……”。

He missed the gold in the high jump, but will get a second chance in the long

jump.

他在跳高比赛中没有赢得金牌，但是在跳远比赛中他还有一次(获得金牌的)机会。

考点二 定冠词的5种基本用法

1.特指某人或某事。

Yesterday John's father bought him a new bike. The bike cost him 200

yuan. 昨天约翰的父亲给他买了一辆新自行车。这辆自行车花了他200元。

2．用在含有普通名词的专有名词前，或与世界上独一无二的事物连用。

The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.

太阳从东方升起，在西方落下。

3．用在序数词和形容词、副词最高级及only, very, same等之前。

Could you give me some advice on the best way to solve the problem?

你能就解决这个问题的最好办法给我一些建议吗？

4．用在表示计量的名词前，如by the hour, by the day, by the week, by the dozen,

by the yard等，但是如果表示单位的名词为不可数名词，之前不用冠词，如by weight/height等。

—It's said John will get a job paying over $60，000 a year.

——据说约翰会得到一份年薪超过60 000美元的工作。

—Right, he will also get paid by the week．

——是的，而且会按周付薪。

5．某些形容词前面加定冠词，表示某类人或物。

The injured were taken to the nearest hospital without delay.受伤的人被立刻送到了最近的医院。

考点三 冠词在短语中的习惯用法

1.含不定冠词的固定搭配

have a knowledge/an understanding of 了解

have a good view of 饱览

in a hurry 匆忙地

as a result 因此

as a rule 通常

as a whole 总体上

as a matter of fact 事实上

2．含定冠词的固定搭配

make the most/best of 充分利用

in the end 最后

by the way 顺便说一下

in the distance 在远处

in the way 挡道

on the whole 总的来说

3．含零冠词的固定搭配

at present 目前

take part in 参加

in peace 平静

by chance/accident 碰巧

on purpose 故意

on second thoughts 再三考虑

ahead of time 提前

in advance 提前

4．常用的固定词组辨析

考点四 零冠词的3种基本用法

1.在不可数名词或可数名词复数前表示泛指不用冠词。

2．称呼语及表示独一无二的头衔、职务的名词作表语、宾语补足语或同位语时，不加冠词。

Dr Peter Spence，headmaster of the school, told us, “A fifth of pupils here

go on to further study at Oxford or Cambridge.”

这所学校的校长彼得·斯宾塞告诉我们：“这儿五分之一的学生将继续到牛津大学或剑桥大学深造。”

3．表示时间、节日、季节、三餐、球类运动、语言、学科的名词前不用冠词。

即学即练

单句语法填空

1．So enjoying the flourishing chrysanthemum also becomes ________ essential

activity in this festival.[2023·泰安市高考全真模拟]

2．These 24 solar terms were soon absorbed into The Taichu calendar, the first

well documented calendar in ________ history of China.[2023·安庆市高三模拟]

3．That led to ________ increasing number of Chinese brands joining the trend

and creating a wave of China Chic.[2023·烟台市考前热身]

4．After 82 days, cycling ________ total of 5，600 km, he finally got to Mount

Qomolangma, passing through six provinces and regions.[2023·武汉市模拟]

5．In ________ 1920s and 1930s, he collected around 400，000 seeds from five

continents.[2023·江苏省连云港市模拟二]

6．Deng joined the PLA Air Force in June 1984 and started training as ________

pilot at a flight college in Hebei province.[2023·高三年级苏州八校三模]

二、代词

考点一 人称代词、物主代词以及反身代词

人称代词、物主代词和反身代词一览表

代词数

人称代词

人称

第一人称

单数

第二人称

第三人称

我

你

他

她

它

第一人称

复第二人称

数

第三人称

我们

你们

他们

主格

I

you

he

she

it

we

you

they

宾格

me

you

him

her

it

us

you

them

物主代词

形容词性名词性物物主代词 主代词

my

your

his

her

its

our

your

their

mine

yours

his

hers

its

ours

yours

theirs

反身代词

myself

yourself

himself

herself

itself

ourselves

yourselves

themselves

1.人称代词作主语用主格，作宾语、表语用宾格。

2．两个以上的人称代词并列，其次序排列原则：

①在并列主语中，“I”总是放在最后，排列顺序：二 三 一(人称)。宾格me也一样。

You, he and I are in different classes.

Mr Wang asked Li Ming and me to help him.

②第三人称，男女两性并用，男先女后。

He and she were sitting face to face.

3．物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。名词性物主代词可作主语和宾语。

The author can report other people's results which more or less agree with hers．

考点二 it的用法

作人称代词的用法

(1)it 可以指除人以外的一切事物或动物。如：

It's a day to stress the importance of ocean and remind people to protect

it．[2022·全国甲卷书面表达]

(2)指人主要用于指性别不明的婴儿或用于确认某人的身份。如：

Her new baby is only weighs 2 kilos.

2．it 作非人称代词的用法

(1)主要用于指时间、距离、价值、天气、气候及温度等自然现象。如：

※It's quite warm at the moment.

(2)用于某些句型。如：

It's time for sth.该做某事了。

It's time to do sth.到该做某事的时候了。

It's time for sb. to do sth.某人该做某事了。

It's (about/high) time＋that从句．

某人该做某事了。(从句谓语用过去式，有时也用“should＋动词原形”)

It's the first () time＋ that从句．

某人第一(二……)次做某事。(从句谓语用现在完成时)

It's＋时间段＋since从句．

自从……有一段时间了。

It's＋时间段＋before从句．

过多长时间才……

It is high time that we strengthen the study of marine knowledge and enhance

the awareness of marine protection.[2022·全国甲卷书面表达]

3．it用作形式主语或形式宾语

(1)用作形式主语的重要句型

It＋be＋adj.＋for (of) sb. to do sth.

对于某人来说做某事是怎么样的。/某人做某事是怎么样的。

※It is necessary for us to have some exercise every day.

※It is very considerate of you to send me a birthday card.

(2)用作形式宾语的重要句型

①主语＋think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/＋it＋adj./n.＋(for/of sb.) to do/从句

②主语＋think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/＋it＋important/necessary/natural/essential＋ (should)．..

【名师指津】

某些及物动词或短语后不能直接跟从句。此时须先用it作形式宾语， 然后接从句， 有此用法的动词(短语)有：like, dislike, hate, appreciate, depend on, rely on, count

on, see to等。

①I believe it important to separate good failures from bad failures.

②I would appreciate it if you could help me to solve the technical problem.

③I hate it when people tell me that they are unemployed.

考点三 不定代词

，both，either，neither，any，each，none的用法比较

(1)both(两者都)，either(两者中的任何一个)，neither(两者都不)。以上这些词使用范围为两者。

As far as I could tell, neither of us was under observation.

(2)both与复数名词连用，either与单数名词连用。

Both sides are looking for ways to settle their differences.

There are many tall buildings on either side of the street.

(3)all(所有的，全部的人或物)，any(任何一个)，none(都不)。以上词使用范围为三者或三者以上。

All the soldiers were praised for bravery in battle.

(4)all和both与not 连用表示部分否定；none以及any表示全部否定。

Not all the machines of the company are imported.

Both of the substances do not dissolve in water.

None of you had the courage to face the situation.

(5)each可指两者，也可指两者以上。

I believe that each of us can contribute to the future of the world.

2．another，other，the other, others的用法比较

(1)another既可以单独使用，也可以用于单数名词前，泛指三者或三者以上中的“另外一个人或物”。还可以用于“another＋数词＋复数名词”中，表示“再，又”。

I need another ten minutes to finish my homework.

(2)other可用作形容词，意思为 “别的，其他的”，泛指“其他的(人或物)”。

They will then have more money to spend on other things.

(3)①the other指两个人或物中的另一个，不能用another, 此时other作代词使用。

He has one shoulder a little higher than the other.

②the other后可接可数名词单数也可接复数名词，不接不可数名词。此时other 作为形容词。

She turned over on her stomach on the other side of the bed.

He played the violin, and he stood out from all the other musicians.

(4)others泛指“另外几个/其他的人或物”。others不能作定语，表示复数意义，相当于“other＋复数名词”；the others相当于“the other＋复数名词”，指剩下的全部。

He demands perfection in others, but cannot see faults in himself.

The snowy main peak towers above all the others.

即学即练

单句语法填空

1．While many called this region the Southern Ocean, some scientists called

________ the Antarctic Ocean, others said Austral Ocean.[2023·山东省泰安市三模]

2．It will take some time to popularize the new travel trend and the prices must

remain competitive to ensure that regular tourists can afford ________．[2023·唐山市一模]

3．In such festivals, people create projects and present ________ to judges.

There are two rules: the project must be made of food, and it must be based on a

book.[2023·广州市综合测试二]

4．After graduation he began to take part in the PLA Air Force's selection of

astronaut candidates and was finally selected with ________ 13 male aviators(飞行员)．[2023·苏州八校三模]

5．Also, the lecture is an eye-opener and I actually have developed an

appreciation of the devotion and hard work ________ takes to create art.[2023·湖北省八市联考]

三、介词

考点一 介词的基本用法

/without复合结构

介词with/without＋名词/代词＋形容词/副词/介词短语/动词不定式/分词(分词可以是现在分词，也可以是过去分词)在句中表状态或说明背景情况，常作伴随、方式、原因、条件等状语。

Nowadays, with smartphones and computers growing popular, an increasing number

of students are choosing to learn English beyond the classroom in various

ways.[2022·全国乙卷书面表达]

With something important to talk about with you, you must stay here.

2．表示工具、手段、方式的介词

by, on都可表示旅行的方式

(1)不涉及交通工具的名词时用by，名词前不加冠词。如：by sea, by water, by land,

by rail, by air等。

(2)涉及交通工具的名词时用by，名词须用单数形式，前面不加冠词或任何修饰语。如：by bike, by taxi, by plane, by ship/boat, by train, by spaceship等。

(3)步行、骑马、骑骆驼均用on。如on foot, on horseback, on a horse, on the camel等。

3．with，by，in三词都可表示“用”，表示行为的工具、手段或方式

(1)with用于有形的工具或身体某些器官之前，其后的名词多被冠词、物主代词等修饰。

We do not see nature with our eyes, but with our understandings and our hearts.

(2)by, in, on, over, through等介词多用于无形的工具或方式手段之前。

如by hand, in ink, on the telephone, over the radio, through the telescope等。

4．of＋抽象名词的用法

(1)of＋ great/much＋抽象名词＝very＋抽象名词的形容词形式

(2)of＋ no＋抽象名词＝not＋抽象名词的形容词形式

①As senior students, reading, writing and grammar are also of great

importance . [2022·全国乙卷书面表达]

＝As senior students, reading, writing and grammar are also very important .

②All our persuasion was of no use; she would not come.

＝All our persuasion was not useful; she would not come.

5．介词but的固定搭配

have no choice but to do别无选择只得做……；

can't help but do不得不做……；

can't but do不得不/只能做……；

can't choose but do别无选择只得做……；

but for要不是……。

①I have no choice but to do as he tells me.

②It rained hard, so they couldn't choose but stay at home.

6．名词 key, approach, solution, answer, entrance, visit, attitude等与to构成固定搭配

①We have a very communicative approach to teaching languages.

②We must find a satisfactory solution to the problem.

7．介词by的用法

(1)by＋地点名词：表示方位，意为“在……旁边”。

(2)by＋时间名词：意为“到……时(已发生某事)；最晚，不迟于……，在……之前”，此时谓语多用完成时。

(3)by＋名词：可用来表示方法、方式、手段等。

①I can find two tables by the window for you.

②Can you have your report ready for the press by next week?

③I used to travel by air a great deal when I was a boy.

考点二 介词的习惯搭配

1.与形容词构成的搭配

(1)be＋adj.＋about

be anxious about 对……忧虑

be curious about 对……好奇

(2)be＋adj.＋at

be angry at 因……生气

be good at 擅长

(3)be＋adj.＋in

be absorbed in 专注于……

be active in 积极于……

be dressed in 穿着……

be engaged in 忙于……

(4)be＋adj.＋for

be eager for 渴望……

be famous for 因……著名

be fit for 适合，胜任……

be ready for 准备好……

(5)be＋adj.＋from

be absent from 缺席

be different from 不同于

(6)be＋adj.＋to

be close to 接近……

be devoted to 致力于……

be equal to 等于……

be familiar to 对……来说熟悉

(7)be＋adj.＋of

be aware of 意识到……

be fond of 喜欢……

(8)be＋adj.＋with

be busy with 忙于……

be familiar with 对……熟悉

be patient with 对……有耐心

2．与名词构成的搭配

(1)“at＋n.”表示状态

at a loss 不知所措

at peace 处于和平中

at war 在战争中

at work 在工作

(2)“on＋n.”表示状态

on exhibition/show 在展出

on fire 着火

on sale 出售，打折

on the way 在途中

(3)“by＋n.”表示方式

by accident 偶然

by air/plane 乘飞机

by chance 偶然

by design 故意

(4)“in＋n.”表示方式

in cash 用现金付款

in depth 在深度上

in detail 详细地

in height 在高度上

(5)“of＋n.”表示特征(等于相应的形容词)

of benefit 有益处的

of use 有用的

(6)“out of＋n.”表示状态

out of balance 失去平衡

out of breath 上气不接下气

(7)“with＋n.”表示方式

with delight/joy 高兴地

with difficulty 困难地

即学即练

单句语法填空

1．The U. S. space agency NASA is set to launch a new Martian vehicle, named

Perseverance, ________ July 30.[2023·河北省高三模拟]

2．The publishing group announced that award-winning videos would be covered

by seven media companies ________ ten languages.[2023·武汉模拟]

3．Hence, Bing Dwen Dwen is a giant panda ________ a high sense of science and

technology.[2023·济宁市高考模拟]

4．The classical gardens of Suzhou, Jiangsu province, date back to the 6th century

when the city was founded ________ the capital of the Wu Kingdom.[2023·苏锡常镇四市调研]

5．China Chic has changed from a consumption trend ________ a cultural

phenomenon and the 2022 Winter Olympic Games are a good example of why young people

embrace it.[2023·烟台市考前热身]

巩固训练夯提

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．While eating is functional, and our bodies need the fuel that food provides,

dining with friends or loved ones can be ________ enjoyable experience. However,

some of us often find ourselves reserving a table for one in a

restaurant.[2023·雅礼中学模拟二]

2. According to Yao, the mainland has done ________ great job in COVID-19

prevention and control, and Beijing has many policies to support students from Taiwan

to start businesses and find jobs. [2023·山东省高三大联考]

3．Olive oil has proven to lower the amount of bad cholesterol(胆固醇), which

has ________ positive impact on the body.[2023·滨州市模拟]

gh someone may hang up on you, don't stop on ________ first try！[2023·辽宁省辽南协作校模拟]

5．He said the concept of the 2022 opening ceremony was totally different from

________ of the 2008 Summer Games.[2023·鞍山市第二次监测]

6．Some people love to read books. They can't get enough of the printed word.

________ have a big appetite for making and eating food.[2023·广州市综合测试二]

7．If they had had any knowledge of Yuan who worked devotedly for our country,

they wouldn't have made such pessimistic evaluations. Why did the Chinese people

make ________？[2023·沈阳二中第二次模拟]

8．________ the convenience of the Internet, people still enjoy visiting

libraries.[2023·厦门市第四次质量检测]

9．In 1989, the Chinese government decided the Double Ninth Festival ________

Seniors' Day.[2023·泰安市全真模拟]

10．In addition, SLEEP IF YOU CAN will also give you the latest weather conditions

so that you can decide whether to take an umbrella ________ you before leaving

home.[2023·山东省实验中学模拟]

Ⅱ.语法填空

[2023·山东省泰安市模拟]

It's time to update your maps, because the Earth now has a total of five oceans.

Though 1.________ (accept)by scientists for some time, the Southern Ocean wouldn't

be found on any National Geographic maps—until now.

Cartographers(地图绘制者)at the National Geographic 2.________

(official)recognized the fifth ocean on World Ocean Day, 8 June 2021. The “new”

ocean borders the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans, which is why geographers

3.________(argue)for some time as to whether it was in fact unique enough to be

classed as a different ocean, 4.________ just cold regions of the three oceans.

“There is of course just one interconnected world ocean, but it has

traditionally been divided into four regions: the Pacific, Atlantic, Arctic, and

Indian oceans, said Alex Tait on Twitter, who is 5.________ geographer in the

National Geographic Society.

“Scientists have known for many years that the icy 6.________ (water)around

Antarctica form a distinct ecological region defined 7.________ ocean currents and

temperatures. But the international community, through the International

Hydrographic Organization(IHO), has not agreed on a name and extent of this

8.________(five) ocean region.”

While many called this region the Southern Ocean, some scientists called

9.________ the Antarctic Ocean, others said Austral Ocean. Either way, it is distinct

enough to be 10.________(deserve) of its new status.

Ⅲ.写作运用

补全下面写作， 注意本部分语法的使用。

Dear Eric，

1．____________________ (最近一切可好？)

Knowing you are so fond of Chinese calligraphy, I would like to send you a book

about this abstract and high-level form of art in an English edition,

2.__________________________ (这对你来说很容易理解它).

The book is entitled

Appreciation

of

Chinese

Calligraphy,

3.____________________________________ (包括一系列引人入胜的杰作). It not only

presents a variety of calligraphy styles, but also provides beautiful illustrations,

expert analyses and useful comments, since one's handwriting is often viewed as a

reflection of his or her personality. I am sure 4. ________________________ (你将对这种艺术形式有很好的了解) after reading it and are more willing to give it a

try.

Could you please leave me your address so that I can mail it to you soon?

5.____________________________________ (我希望你会喜欢这本书并觉得它有帮助).

Looking forward to your reply.

Yours，

Li Hua

专题三 不可忽视的小词——代词、冠词和介词

第六讲 冠词、代词和介词(短语)

高考真题练悟

1．答案与解析：by 考查介词。此处从句中谓语动词的被动语态结构为was named

by...“由……命名”。

答案与解析：the 考查冠词。此处指上文提到过的“the first International Tea

Day”，故用定冠词“the”表示特指。

2．答案与解析：A 考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处表泛指，且friend的发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。空处位于句首，注意要大写。

3．答案与解析：its 考查代词。“first exhibition”前应用所给词的形容词性物主代词形式。

4．答案与解析：themselves 反身代词。根据语境可知，因为人们不总是能在外面吃饭或者自己做饭，所以他们会点外卖。该空位于介词for后，表示“他们自己”，故填themselves。

考点多维突破

一、冠词

即学即练

1．答案与解析：an 考查冠词。句意：所以赏菊也成为了节日里一个必不可少的活动。activity是可数名词的单数形式，且表泛指， essential是元音音素开头，故填an。

2．答案与解析：the 考查冠词。句意：这24个节气很快就被编入了中国历史上第一个有记载的历法《太初历法》。根据句意可知，句中特指中国历史上，因此应填定冠词，故填the。

3．答案与解析：an 考查冠词。句意：这导致越来越多的中国品牌加入这一潮流，并掀起了一波“中国风”。根据句意和increasing number of可知，此处应用不定冠词，短语an increasing number of 表示“越来越多……”。

4．答案与解析：a 考查冠词。句意：经过82天的骑行，总共5600公里，他终于到达珠穆朗玛峰，途经六个省和地区。短语a total of 意为“总共”，故填a。

5．答案与解析：the 考查冠词。句意：在20世纪二三十年代，他从五大洲收集了大约40万颗种子。In the 1920s and 1930s在20世纪二三十年代，固定搭配。

6．答案与解析：a 考查冠词。句意：1984年6月，Deng加入中国人民解放军空军，并开始在河北省一所飞行学院接受飞行员训练。后文单数可数名词pilot为泛指概念，应用不定冠词限定，故填a。

二、代词

即学即练

1．答案与解析：it 考查代词。句意：虽然很多人称这个地区为南大洋，但一些科学家称其为南冰洋，另一些科学家称其为南极海。空处指代上文的“this region”作宾语，

需用代词it。

2．答案与解析：them 考查代词。句意：要普及这种新的旅游趋势还需要一段时间，而且价格必须保持竞争力，以确保普通游客能够负担得起。分析句意可知，这里指代的是复数名词prices且动词afford后接宾语，所以用人称代词的宾格形式。

3．答案与解析：them 考查代词。根据句意“在这些节日中，人们创作出项目并向评委展示他们”，此处 present 为及物动词，后面缺少宾语，故填 them，指代前面的

projects。

4．答案与解析：another 考查形容词(不定代词)。句意：毕业后，他开始参加中国人民解放军空军的航天员选拔工作，最终与另外13名男性航天员一起入选。根据句意和后文“13 male aviators”可知，此处应用形容词another修饰名词，表示“另外13名男性航天员”。

5．答案与解析：it 考查代词。句意：“而且，这次讲座让我大开眼界，实际上，我已经开始欣赏创作艺术所需要的奉献和辛勤工作。”此处为句型it takes/took sth. to do

sth.，表示“做某事需要……”。

三、介词

即学即练

1．答案与解析：on 考查介词。句意：美国国家航空航天局将于7月30日发射一艘名为“毅力”的新的火星探测器。指在具体某一天前要用on。

2．答案与解析：in 句意：该出版集团宣布，获奖视频将由7家媒体公司用10种语言进行报道。

3．答案与解析：with 考查介词。句意：因此，冰墩墩是一只具有高度科技意识的大熊猫。后跟名词作宾语，表示“具有”应用介词with。

4．答案与解析：as 考查介词。句意：江苏省苏州的古典园林可以追溯到6世纪，当时它被设为吴国的首都。表示“作为”应用介词as。

5．答案与解析：to 考查介词。根据语境和change from可知，空处应用介词to，表示“从……转变为……”。

巩固训练夯提

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．答案与解析：an 考查冠词。句意：虽然吃饭是功能性的，我们的身体需要食物提供的能量，但与朋友或爱人一起用餐是一种愉快的体验。experience是可数名词此处为泛指“一种愉快的体验”，且enjoyable是发音以元音音素开头的单词，故填an。

2．答案与解析：a 考查冠词。句意：姚表示，大陆在防治2019冠状病毒疾病方面做得很好，政府有许多政策支持台湾学生创业和就业。do a great job意为“做得很棒”，故填a。

3．答案与解析：a 考查冠词。短语：have an impact on“对……有影响”，名词impact前用形容词positive“积极的”修饰，形容词positive为辅音音素开头，所以此处用不定冠词a。

4．答案与解析：the 考查定冠词。句意：即使有人挂你的电话，那么首次尝试，也不要放弃。分析句子可知，first为序数词，此处需要定冠词，on the first try第一次尝试，故填the。

5．答案与解析：that 考查代词。句意：他说，2022年奥运会开幕式的概念与2008年夏季奥运会完全不同。空白处指the concept，表示2008年的夏季奥运会的理念。所以

用代词that，表示同类异物，特指，故填that。

6．答案与解析：Others 考查代词。句意：有些人喜欢读书。 他们对印刷的文字爱不释手， 其他人对制作和食用食物有很大的胃口。考查“ ”固定用法。

7．答案与解析：it 考查代词。根据句意可知，make it表示某人做成某事。

8．答案与解析：Despite 考查介词。句意：尽管互联网很方便，人们仍然喜欢去图书馆。根据“the convenience of the Internet”和“people still enjoy visiting

libraries”可知，前后构成转折关系，且convenience为名词，所以应用介词despite表示“尽管”。

9．答案与解析：as 考查介词。句意：1989年，中国政府决定将重阳节定为老年人节。根据语境可知，句子表示“中国政府决定将重阳节定为老年人节”，空格处意为“作为”，故填as。

10．答案与解析：with 考查介词。句意：此外，SLEEP IF YOU CAN还会为你提供最新的天气情况，以便你在离家前决定是否带伞。分析句意可知，此处表示带伞，应该用with表示“携带”的意思。

Ⅱ.语法填空

【语篇解读】 这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了《国家地理》的地图绘制者在2021年6月8日的世界海洋日正式承认了第五大洋——南大洋。

1．答案与解析：accepted 考查省略句。句意：尽管科学家们已经接受了一段时间，但直到现在，南大洋还没有出现在任何国家地理地图上。空处应填非谓语动词和although构成让步状语，逻辑主语the Southern Ocean和accept之间为被动关系，故填accepted。

2．答案与解析：officially 考查副词。句意：《国家地理》的地图绘制者在2021年6月8日的世界海洋日正式承认了第五大洋。修饰动词recognized需用副词作状语。

3．答案与解析：had argued 考查动词时态。句意：这一“新”大洋与太平洋、大西洋和印度洋接壤，因此地理学家们争论了一段时间，究竟它是否独特到足以被归为一个不同的海洋，还是仅仅是三个大洋中的寒冷地区。根据时间状语“for some time”和“was”可知，此处表示“过去的过去”，故填had argued。

4．答案与解析：or 考查固定搭配。为固定搭配，意为“不管……还是……”。

5．答案与解析：a 考查冠词。句意：美国国家地理学会的地理学家亚历克斯·泰特在推特上说：“当然，只有一个相互联系的世界海洋，但它传统上被划分为四个区域：太平洋、大西洋、北冰洋和印度洋。”geographer为可数名词，此处表泛指，故填a。

6．答案与解析：waters 考查名词。句意：科学家们多年来一直知道，南极洲周围冰冷的海水形成了一个由洋流和温度决定的独特生态区域。water意为“水域”，是可数名词，此处表示泛指，且没有冠词限定，需用名词复数形式。

7．答案与解析：by 考查介词。defined by为固定短语，意为“依……定义”。

8．答案与解析：fifth 考查序数词。句意：但是，国际社会通过国际水道测量组织(IHO)尚未就这第五大洋区域的名称和范围达成一致。此处表示“这第五个大洋区域”，空处需填序数词fifth。

9．答案与解析：it 考查代词。句意：虽然很多人称这个地区为南大洋，但一些科学家称其为南冰洋，另一些科学家称其为南极海。空处指代上文的“this region”作宾语，需用代词it。

10．答案与解析：deserving 考查形容词。句意：无论如何，它都足够独特，配得上它的新地位。be deserving of为固定短语，意为“应得，值得”。

Ⅲ.写作运用

1．How is everything going?

2．which is easy for you to understand

3．including a fascinating collection of masterpieces

4．you will have a good knowledge of this form of art

5．I hope you will like the book and find it helpful