now that 1

now that 1.(既然，由于)表原因 2.既然(因为) 3.（连词）既然，由于 4.既然（用于句首）

、Words and Expresesions

1. 2. 3、 4、instead of 代替，而不是

是介词短语，其他跟名词，代词，动名词或介词短语作其宾语。

I go to the meeting instead of him.

People give money to charity instead of their friends.

We’ll have tea in the garden instead of in the bouse.

我们将改在花园喝荼，而不在屋里喝。

He watched TV last night instead of seeing a movie;

Instead 和 instead of 的区别；

Instead adv替代； 更换

If you can’t go . let him go instead

如果你不能去，让他替你去。

I didn’t have a pen. so I used a pencil instead

我没有钢笔，因此我就用铅笔了。

I don’t want to learn Spanish Instead . I want to learn English;

5. stay up: 不去睡，熬夜

Don’t stay up too late. Teenagers need to have enough sleep.

别熬得太晚。青少年需要足够睡眠。

sleep late 起得晚

He often sleeps late on Sunday mornings.

他周日早上经常睡懒觉。

6. strict: adj.严格的

be strict with sb. 对某人要求严格

be strict in sth. 对某事要求严格

Our teacher is very strict with us and strict in his work.

老师对我们和她的工作要求很严格。

the other day 不久前的一天

I met a friend of mine on the street the other day.

几天前我在街上遇到了我的一个朋友。

7. concentrate v.

集中,聚集（注意力、思想等）

Concentrate on your work. 集中精力工作。

A driver should concentrate on the road when driving.

开车时驾驶员的注意力要集中在路上。

concentration n.

The children soon got tired and lost their concentration.

孩子们很快累了，然后精力就不集中了。

8. present n. 礼物，赠品

The book was a present from my mother.

这本书是妈妈给我的礼物。

·adj. （指人）出席的，在场的

She wasn’t present at the meeting. 她没在会上露面。

Everybody present was moved to tears.

所有到场的人都感动得流出了眼泪。

（ present修饰不定代词时要后置）

·adj. 现在的，目前的 at present =presently 目前，现在

He is worrying about the present situation.

他对目前的形势很担忧。

I’m afraid I can’t help you at present because I’m too busy.

很抱歉，我现在帮不了你，我实在太忙了。

9. volunteer

n. 志愿者

We need some volunteers to help the homeless children.

我们需要几个志愿者来帮助那些无家可归的孩子们。

v. （常与 to 连用）自愿去做，主动请求去做

He often volunteers his time to do something in the local hospital.

他经常自愿花时间在当地医院里做事情。

We all volunteered to do something for the Olympics.

我们都主动要求为奥运会做些事情。

10. local adj. 地方的；本地的

My mother works at the local school.

我妈妈在本地的学校教学。

Last Tuesday he received a letter from the local police.

上星期二他接到当地警察局的一封信。

11. experience [c] n. 经历； [u] n. 经验

Visiting the pyramids in Egypt was a wonderful experience.

参观埃及的金字塔是个很好的经历。

Other people have had the same experiences as me.

其他人也有和我一样的经历。

I know from personal experience that this is not easy.

从我的个人经验来说，这件事不容易。

12. sleep n. & vi.

· He didn’t have enough sleep last night.

· Milk will help you sleep well.

· sleepy adj. 困倦的 feel / be sleepy

I am so sleepy that I can’t keep my eyes open. 我困得都睁不开眼睛了。

· sleepless adj. 失眠的，得不到休息的

He spent a sleepless night there.

· asleep adj. 睡着的 表语形容词

fall asleep 睡着了（从醒到睡的短暂动作） be asleep 在睡觉= be sleeping

be fast / sound asleep 睡得很香；熟睡

He fell asleep while listening in class.

他在课堂上听着课睡着了。

She is still asleep now.

=She is still sleeping now.

The baby is fast asleep. 孩子睡得很香。

13. reply n. & v. 回答，答复

·She made no reply. 她没有回答。

·reply to sb. / sth. / that 从句

（以口头或书面形式）回答，答复

He hasn’t replied to my letter yet.

他还没有给我回信。

She replied that she was very busy.

她答复说她很忙。

The mall gave no reply to our complaint letter.

商场对我们的投诉信没有给予回复。

e v. 完成，实现 achievement n.

You'll never achieve anything if you don't work harder.

如果你不再努力的话，你将永远一事无成。

I hope to achieve my aim by the end of the year.

我希望到年底实现我的目标。

Edison is a scientist of great achievement.

爱因斯坦是个有伟大成就的科学家。

15. important adj. 重要的

be important to sb.

It’s important for sb. to do sth.

The meeting is very important to me.

It’s important for us to learn English well.

importance n. 重要性

be of great importance = be very important

The meeting is very important.

= The meeting is of great importance.

16. succeed vi. 成功 succeed in doing sth.

success [c] n. & [u] n. 成功的人或事；成功

successful adj. unsuccessful adj. 不成功

successfully adv. unsuccessfully adv.

He succeeded in finishing the task on time.

他成功地按时完成了那个任务。

The 29th Olympic Games proved to be a great success. 29届奥运会证明很成功。

He hasn’t had much success in his job yet.

他在工作中还没有太多成功。

His father is a successful businessman.

他父亲是个成功的商人。

17. point n. & v. 点，观点，意见

There were a lot of good points in his speech.

他的演讲中有很多好观点。

I think you’re missing the point.

（ You do not understand the most important thing）.

最关键的点你没弄明白。

What’s the point of their doing so?

他们为啥这么干？

She began to write about music from the teacher’s point of view.

从老师的观点出发，她开始写关于音乐的文章。

point out 指出

You’d better point out his mistake.

你最好指出他的错误。

He pointed out at the meeting that putting off the task would be necessary.

point to 指着；指向

The teacher pointed to the sentence on the blackboard and asked us to translate it into

Chinese.

point at 指点

It’s bad manners / impolite to point your chopsticks at others.

用筷子指别人不礼貌。

主要词组：

Section A部分

go out with friends 和朋友一起出去

have part-time jobs 有兼职的工作

get one’s ears pierced 穿耳洞

choose one’s own clothes 选择他们自己的衣服

twelve-year-olds 12岁的孩子

not serious/calm enough 不够严肃/冷静

cut one’s hair 剪头发

work at night 在晚上工作

stop wearing that silly earring 停止戴那个可笑的耳环

need to sleep 需要睡觉

need time to do homework 需要时间做作业

on school nights 在（学校有课）的晚上

What about sth / doing sth? （How about）… 怎么样/做…怎么样？

by 10:00 不迟于10点

on Saturday afternoons 在周六下午

stay up 熬夜

clean up one’s room 打扫房间

Section B部分

fail a test 考试不及格

take the test 参加考试

pass the test 通过考试

strict rules 严格的规定

be strict with sb. 对某人严格

the other day 不久前的一天

look smart 看上去很时髦

would like to do. 愿意做某事

concentrate on sth. 集中（注意力、思想等）在..上

feel more comfortable 感觉更舒服

be good for 对…有好处

design our own uniforms 设计我们自己的校服

keep sb. happy / keep sb./sth. adj 让某人高兴

allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事

get noisy 变得吵闹

learn a lot from each other 互相之间学了很多东西

at present 现在

have an opportunity to volunteer 有机会去做志愿者

Self check 部分

an old people’s home 老人之家

perform a play for sb. 为某人表演戏剧

volunteer at the newspaper office 在报社做志愿者

after a long week of classes 上了一星期课后

have Friday afternoons off 周五下午休息

以上是本单元的词汇，此单元的主题是*Rules. （规定）

Language goals :

语言掌握目标是：

*Talk about what you are allowed / not allowed to do

谈论你被允许做或不被允许做的事情

*Agree and disagree

学习怎样表达赞同和反对

Grammar Focus

Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.

此句中should be allowed to do sth. 的意思是

应该被允许，这句话的意思是：中学生应该被允许选择他们自己的衣服。

否定式：

Students should not be allowed to have part-time jobs.

此句中should not be allowed to do sth. 的意思是

不应该被允许，这句话的意思是：学生不应该被允许有兼职工作。

should be allowed 应该被允，should的被动语态，

即：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。

英语的语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态中，主语是动作的执行者。被动语态中动作的主语是动作的承受者。

比较下列句子：

We must finish the task at once.

The task must be finished at once.

He can repair this radio in an hour.

This radio can be repaired in an hour.

Parents should allow children to watch TV on weekends.

Children should be allowed to watch TV on weekends.

Section A 部分重点学习怎样阐述规定，即学生被允许或不被允许做。以及表达自己是否同意此规定。

下面就Section A中出现的重点句子进行讲解：

P18, 1a. Sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to drive.

16岁的孩子们被允许开车。

sixteen-year-olds 是主语，指的是sixteen-year-old boys/girls.

sixteen-year-olds这里表示类别，即16岁的孩子。

举例： thirty-year-olds 30岁的人

但如果old不加s， sixteen-year-old 起的是形容词的作用，

例如： a sixteen-year-old boy 一个16岁的男孩

an 8-year-old girl 一个8岁的女孩

下面是这个单元的重点句型的分析和讲解

I don’t think twelve-year-olds should be allowed to get their ears pierced.

我认为十二岁的孩子不应该允许打耳洞。

当主句中的谓语动词是think, suppose, believe, imagine, expect 等时，其否定句一般是否定的主句。例如：

I don’t think it’s a good idea. 我认为那不会是一个好主意。

I didn’t think he was clever. 我认为他不聪明。

I don’t suppose that’s true. 我认为那不是真的。

I don’t suppose I’ll trouble you again. 我估计不会再打扰你了。

I don’t believe he will succeed. 我相信他不会成功。

get their ears pierced

是 get + 名词＋过去分词的结构，此机构有三种含义：

1.让某人做某事

I can’t get the work done by anybody.

我不到人来干这项工作。

When are you going to get your hair cut?

你打算什么时候去剪发?

2. 自己完成某事（或自己参与完成某事）

I can’t get the car started. 我无法把汽车开动起来。

Did you get the picture finished all right? 你顺利地完成了那画吗？

3. 遭遇某事

He got his leg broken. 他折断了腿。

1c, They are not serious enough.他们不够认真。

1） enough 做形容词时修饰名词，可以修饰可数名词复数，也可以修饰不可数名词，而且大都放在所修饰的名词前面。

There’s enough time to catch the train.

有足够的时间赶这班火车。

We have enough seats for everyone.

我们有足够的座位供大家坐。

2）enough 作副词时修饰动词，形容词及副词，这时enough 必须位于动词，形容词及副词之后。如：

He is clever enough to solve the problem.

他很聪明，能解出这道题。

The water here is warm enough to swim in.

这里的水足够暖和可以游泳。

P18 2a, He should stop wearing that silly earring.

他应该停止戴那个难看的耳环。

stop 作动作时， 意思是：停止，中断（行为，活动）

stop 后可以跟动词不定式，也可以跟动名词，但其意义不同，要 注意区分。

stop doing sth. 指停止正在做的事，例如：

Why did he stop working? 为什么他停止工作？

The baby stopped crying when she saw her mother come in.

当那个孩子看见他妈妈时，他停止了哭泣。

His father has stopped smoking. 他父亲戒烟了。

stop to do 指的是：停下其它的事情，去做后面的动作。

He stopped to have a look at the map.

他停下来看了看地图。

We are too tired. Let’s stop to have a rest.

我们太累了，让我们停下来休息一会儿吧。

stop sb. from doing sth.= prevent / keep sb. from doing sth.

阻止某人做某事，例如：

The workers had to work for hours to stop the ship from sinking.

工人们不得不工作数小时阻止船下沉。

The traffic accident stopped him from getting there on time.

交通事故使他无法准时到那儿。

I stopped her from telling it to her friends.

我阻止她把 那件事告诉她的朋友们。