sat-practice-test-1-answers

Answer ExplanationsSAT Practice Test #1®© 2015 The College Board. College Board, SAT, and the acorn logo are registered trademarks of the College Board.

5KSA09

Answer ExplanationsSAT Practice Test #1Section 1: Reading TestQUESTION B is the best answer. In the passage, a young man (Akira) asks a

mother (Chie) for permission to marry her daughter (Naomi). The request

was certainly surprising to the mother, as can be seen from line 47, which

states that prior to Akira’s question Chie “had no idea” the request was A is incorrect because the passage depicts two characters engaged

in a civil conversation, with Chie being impressed with Akira’s “sincerity”

and finding herself “starting to like him.” Choice C is incorrect because

the passage is focused on the idea of Akira’s and Naomi’s present lives and

possible futures. Choice D is incorrect because the interactions between

Chie and Akira are polite, not critical; for example, Chie views Akira with

“amusement,” not ON B is the best answer. The passage centers on a night when a young

man tries to get approval to marry a woman’s daughter. The passage includes

detailed descriptions of setting (a “winter’s eve” and a “cold rain,” lines 5-6);

character (Akira’s “soft, refined” voice, line 33; Akira’s eyes “sh[ining] with

sincerity,” line 35); and plot (“Naomi was silent. She stood a full half minute

looking straight into Chie’s eyes. Finally, she spoke,” lines 88-89).Choice A is incorrect because the passage focuses on a nontraditional mar-riage proposal. Choice C is incorrect because the passage concludes without

resolution to the question of whether Akira and Naomi will receive permis-sion to marry. Choice D is incorrect because the passage repeatedly makes

clear that for Chie, her encounter with Akira is momentous and unsettling,

as when Akira acknowledges in line 73 that he has “startled” her.1

2QUESTION C is the best answer. Akira “came directly, breaking all tradition,”

(line 1) when he approached Chie and asked to marry her daughter, and he

“ask[ed] directly,” without “a go-between” (line 65) or “mediation,” because

doing otherwise would have taken too much s A, B, and D are incorrect because in these contexts, “directly” does

not mean in a frank, confident, or precise ON A is the best answer. Akira is very concerned Chie will find his mar-riage proposal inappropriate because he did not follow traditional protocol and

use a “go-between” (line 65). This is clear in lines 63-64, when Akira says to

Chie “Please don’t judge my candidacy by the unseemliness of this proposal.”Choice B is incorrect because there is no evidence in the passage that Akira

worries that Chie will mistake his earnestness for immaturity. Choice C is incor-rect because while Akira recognizes that his unscheduled visit is a nuisance, his

larger concern is that Chie will reject him due to the inappropriateness of his

proposal. Choice D is incorrect because there is no evidence in the passage that

Akira worries Chie will underestimate the sincerity of his ON C is the best answer. In lines 63-64, Akira says to Chie, “Please

don’t judge my candidacy by the unseemliness of this proposal.” This reveals

Akira’s concern that Chie may say no to the proposal simply because Akira

did not follow traditional s A, B, and D do not provide the best evidence for the answer to the

previous question. Choice A is incorrect because line 33 merely describes

Akira’s voice as “soft, refined.” Choice B is incorrect because lines 49-51

reflect Chie’s perspective, not Akira’s. Choice D is incorrect because lines

71-72 indicate only that Akira was speaking in an eager and forthright ON D is the best answer because Akira clearly treats Chie with respect,

including “bow[ing]” (line 26) to her, calling her “Madame” (line 31), and

looking at her with “a deferential peek” (line 34). Akira does not offer Chie

utter deference, though, as he asks to marry Naomi after he concedes that he

is not following protocol and admits to being a “disruption” (line 31).Choice A is incorrect because while Akira conveys respect to Chie, there is

no evidence in the passage that he feels affection for her. Choice B is incor-rect because neither objectivity nor impartiality accurately describes how

Akira addresses Chie. Choice C is incorrect because Akira conveys respect

to Chie and takes the conversation seriously.

QUESTION D is the best answer. The first paragraph (lines 1-4) reflects on how

Akira approached Chie to ask for her daughter’s hand in marriage. In these

lines, the narrator is wondering whether Chie would have been more likely

to say yes to Akira’s proposal if Akira had followed tradition: “Akira came

directly, breaking all tradition. Was that it? Had he followed form—had he

asked his mother to speak to his father to approach a go-between—would

Chie have been more receptive?” Thus, the main purpose of the first para-graph is to examine why Chie reacted a certain way to Akira’s A is incorrect because the first paragraph describes only one aspect of

Japanese culture (marriage proposals) but not the culture as a whole. Choice B

is incorrect because the first paragraph implies a criticism of Akira’s individual

marriage proposal but not the entire tradition of Japanese marriage proposals.

Choice C is incorrect because the narrator does not question a ON B is the best answer. In line 1, the narrator suggests that Akira’s

direct approach broke “all tradition.” The narrator then wonders if Akira had

“followed form,” or the tradition expected of him, would Chie have been

more receptive to his proposal. In this context, following “form” thus means

following a certain tradition or s A, C, and D are incorrect because in this context “form” does not

mean the way something looks (appearance), the way it is built (structure),

or its essence (nature).QUESTION C is the best answer. Akira states that his unexpected meeting with

Chie occurred only because of a “matter of urgency,” which he explains as “an

opportunity to go to America, as dentist for Seattle’s Japanese community”

(lines 41-42). Akira decides to directly speak to Chie because Chie’s response

to his marriage proposal affects whether Akira accepts the job A is incorrect because there is no evidence in the passage that Akira is

worried his parents will not approve of Naomi. Choice B is incorrect because

Akira has “an understanding” with Naomi (line 63). Choice D is incorrect;

while Akira may know that Chie is unaware of his feelings for Naomi, this is

not what he is referring to when he mentions “a matter of urgency.”QUESTION B is the best answer. In lines 39-42, Akira clarifies that the “mat-ter of urgency” is that he has “an opportunity to go to America, as dentist

for Seattle’s Japanese community.” Akira needs Chie’s answer to his marriage

proposal so he can decide whether to accept the job in Seattle.3

4Choices A, C, and D do not provide the best evidence for the answer to the

previous question. Choice A is incorrect because in line 39 Akira apologizes

for interrupting Chie’s quiet evening. Choice C is incorrect because lines

58-59 address the seriousness of Akira’s request, not its urgency. Choice D

is incorrect because line 73 shows only that Akira’s proposal has “startled”

Chie and does not explain why his request is ON A is the best answer. Lines 1-9 include examples of how many

people shop (“millions of shoppers”), how much money they spend (“over

$30 billion at retail stores in the month of December alone”), and the many

occasions that lead to shopping for gifts (“including weddings, birthdays,

anniversaries, graduations, and baby showers.”). Combined, these examples

show how frequently people in the US shop for B is incorrect because even though the authors mention that

“$30 billion” had been spent in retail stores in one month, that figure is

never discussed as an increase (or a decrease). Choice C is incorrect because

lines 1-9 provide a context for the amount of shopping that occurs in the US,

but the anxiety (or “dread”) it might cause is not introduced until later in the

passage. Choice D is incorrect because lines 1-9 do more than highlight the

number of different occasions that lead to ON B is the best answer. Lines 9-10 state “This frequent experience

of gift-giving can engender ambivalent feelings in gift-givers.” In the sub-sequent sentences, those “ambivalent” feelings are further exemplified as

conflicted feelings, as shopping is said to be something that “[m]any relish”

(lines 10-11) and “many dread” (line 14).Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because in this context, “ambivalent” does

not mean feelings that are unrealistic, apprehensive, or ON D is the best answer. In lines 10-13, the authors clearly state that

some people believe gift-giving can help a relationship because it “offers a

powerful means to build stronger bonds with one’s closest peers.”Choice A is incorrect because even though the authors state that some

shoppers make their choices based on “egocentrism,” (line 33) there is

no evidence in the passage that people view shopping as a form of self-expression. Choice B is incorrect because the passage implies that shopping

is an expensive habit. Choice C is incorrect because the passage states that

most people have purchased and received gifts, but it never implies that peo-ple are required to reciprocate the gift-giving process.

QUESTION A is the best answer. In lines 10-13, the authors suggest that people

value gift-giving because it may strengthen their relationships with others:

“Many relish the opportunity to buy presents because gift-giving offers a

powerful means to build stronger bonds with one’s closest peers.”Choices B, C, and D do not provide the best evidence for the answer to the

previous question. Choice B is incorrect because lines 22-23 discuss how

people often buy gifts that the recipients would not purchase. Choice C is

incorrect because lines 31-32 explain how gift-givers often fail to consider

the recipients’ preferences. Choice D is incorrect because lines 44-47 suggest

that the cost of a gift may not correlate to a recipient’s appreciation of ON A is the best answer. The “deadweight loss” mentioned in the second

paragraph is the significant monetary difference between what a gift-giver

would pay for something and what a gift-recipient would pay for the same

item. That difference would be predictable to social psychologists, whose

research “has found that people often struggle to take account of others’

perspectives—their insights are subject to egocentrism, social projection,

and multiple attribution errors” (lines 31-34).Choices B, C, and D are all incorrect because lines 31-34 make clear that

social psychologists would expect a disconnect between gift-givers and gift-recipients, not that they would question it, be disturbed by it, or find it sur-prising or ON C is the best answer. Lines 41-44 suggest that gift-givers assume

a correlation between the cost of a gift and how well-received it will be:

“. . . gift-givers equate how much they spend with how much recipients will

appreciate the gift (the more expensive the gift, the stronger a gift-recipient’s

feelings of appreciation).” However, the authors suggest this assumption may

be incorrect or “unfounded” (line 47), as gift-recipients “may not construe

smaller and larger gifts as representing smaller and larger signals of thought-fulness and consideration” (lines 63-65).Choices A, B, and D are all incorrect because the passage neither states

nor implies that the gift-givers’ assumption is insincere, unreasonable, or

ON C is the best answer. Lines 63-65 suggest that the assumption made

by gift-givers in lines 41-44 may be incorrect. The gift-givers assume that

recipients will have a greater appreciation for costly gifts than for less costly

5

6gifts, but the authors suggest this relationship may be incorrect, as gift-recipients “may not construe smaller and larger gifts as representing smaller

and larger signals of thoughtfulness and consideration” (lines 63-65).Choices A and D are incorrect because lines 53-55 and 75-78 address the

question of “why” gift-givers make specific assumptions rather than address-ing the validity of these assumptions. Choice B is incorrect because lines

55-60 focus on the reasons people give gifts to ON D is the best answer. Lines 53-55 state that “Perhaps givers believe

that bigger (i.e., more expensive) gifts convey stronger signals of thought-fulness and consideration.” In this context, saying that more expensive gifts

“convey” stronger signals means the gifts send, or communicate, stronger

signals to the s A, B, and C are incorrect because in this context, to “convey” some-thing does not mean to transport it (physically move something), coun-teract it (act in opposition to something), or exchange it (trade one thing

for another).QUESTION A is the best answer. The paragraph examines how gift-givers

believe expensive gifts are more thoughtful than less expensive gifts and

will be more valued by recipients. The work of Camerer and others offers

an explanation for the gift-givers’ reasoning: “gift-givers attempt to signal

their positive attitudes toward the intended recipient and their willingness to

invest resources in a future relationship” (lines 57-60).Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the theory articulated by Camerer

and others is used to explain an idea put forward by the authors (“givers

believe that bigger . . . gifts convey stronger signals”), not to introduce an

argument, question a motive, or support a ON B is the best answer. The graph clearly shows that gift-givers believe

that a “more valuable” gift will be more appreciated than a “less valuable

gift.” According to the graph, gift-givers believe the monetary value of a gift

will determine whether that gift is well received or A is incorrect because the graph does not suggest that gift-givers are

aware of gift-recipients’ appreciation levels. Choices C and D are incorrect

because neither the gift-givers’ desire for the gifts they purchase nor the gift-givers’ relationship with the gift-recipients is addressed in the graph.

QUESTION A is the best answer. Lines 69-75 explain that while people are often

both gift-givers and gift-receivers, they struggle to apply information they

learned as a gift-giver to a time when they were a gift-receiver: “Yet, despite the

extensive experience that people have as both givers and receivers, they often

struggle to transfer information gained from one role (e.g., as a giver) and

apply it in another, complementary role (e.g., as a receiver).” The authors sug-gest that the disconnect between how much appreciation a gift-giver thinks a

gift merits and how much appreciation a gift-recipient displays for the gift may

be caused by both individuals’ inability to comprehend the other’s s B and C are incorrect because neither the passage nor the graph

addresses the idea that society has become more materialistic or that there is

a growing opposition to gift-giving. Choice D is incorrect because the pas-sage emphasizes that gift-givers and gift-recipients fail to understand each

other’s perspective, but it offers no evidence that the disconnect results only

from a failure to understand the other’s ON B is the best answer. Lines 2-4 of the passage describe DNA as

“a very long chain, the backbone of which consists of a regular alternation of

sugar and phosphate groups.” The backbone of DNA, in other words, is the

main structure of a chain made up of repeating units of sugar and A is incorrect because the passage describes DNA on the molecular

level only and never mentions the spinal column of organisms. Choice C is

incorrect because the passage describes the backbone of the molecule as

having “a regular alternation” of sugar and phosphate, not one or the other.

Choice D is incorrect because the nitrogenous bases are not the main struc-tural unit of DNA; rather, they are attached only to the repeating units of ON D is the best answer. The authors explain that hydrogen bonds join

together pairs of nitrogenous bases, and that these bases have a specific

structure that leads to the pairing: “One member of a pair must be a purine

and the other a pyrimidine in order to bridge between the two chains” (lines

27-29). Given the specific chemical properties of a nitrogenous base, it

would be inaccurate to call the process A is incorrect because lines 5-6 describe how nitrogenous bases

attach to sugar but not how those bases pair with one another. Choice B is

incorrect because lines 9-10 do not contradict the student’s claim. Choice C

is incorrect because lines 23-25 describe how the two molecules’ chains are

linked, not what the specific pairing between nitrogenous bases is.7

8QUESTION D is the best answer. In lines 12-14 the authors state: “the first fea-ture of our structure which is of biological interest is that it consists not of

one chain, but of two.”Choices A and B are incorrect because lines 12-14 explicitly state that it is

the two chains of DNA that are of “biological interest,” not the chemical

formula of DNA, nor the common fiber axis those two chains are wrapped

around. Choice C is incorrect because, while the X-ray evidence did help

Watson and Crick to discover that DNA consists of two chains, it was not

claimed to be the feature of biological ON C is the best answer. In lines 12-14 the authors claim that DNA mol-ecules appear to be comprised of two chains, even though “it has often been

assumed . . . there would be only one” (lines 15-17). The authors support this

claim with evidence compiled from an X-ray: “the density, taken with the X-ray

evidence, suggests very strongly that there are two [chains]” (lines 18-19).Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the authors mention density and

X-ray evidence to support a claim, not to establish that DNA carries genetic

information, present a hypothesis about the composition of a nucleotide, or

confirm a relationship between the density and chemical formula of ON B is the best answer. The authors explain that “only certain pairs of

bases will fit into the structure” (lines 25-26) of the DNA molecule. These

pairs must contain “a purine and the other a pyrimidine in order to bridge

between the two chains” (lines 27-29), which implies that any other pairing

would not “fit into the structure” of the DNA molecule. Therefore, a pair

of purines would be larger than the required purine/pyrimidine pair and

would not fit into the structure of the DNA A is incorrect because this section is not discussing the distance

between a sugar and phosphate group. Choice C is incorrect because the

passage never makes clear the size of the pyrimidines or purines in relation

to each other, only in relation to the space needed to bond the chains of

the DNA molecule. Choice D is incorrect because the lines do not make an

implication about the size of a pair of pyrimidines in relation to the size of a

pair consisting of a purine and a ON D is the best answer.

The authors explain how the DNA molecule

contains a “precise sequence of bases” (lines 43-44), and that the authors can

use the order of bases on one chain to determine the order of bases on the

other chain: “If the actual order of the bases on one of the pair of chains were

given, one could write down the exact order of the bases on the other one,

because of the specific pairing. Thus one chain is, as it were, the comple-ment of the other, and it is this feature which suggests how the deoxyribo-nucleic acid molecule might duplicate itself” (lines 45-51). The authors use

the words “exact,” “specific,” and “complement” in these lines to suggest that

the base pairings along a DNA chain is understood and predictable, and may

explain how DNA “duplicate[s] itself” (line 51).Choice A is incorrect because the passage does not suggest that most nucle-otide sequences are known. Choice B is incorrect because these lines are not

discussing the random nature of the base sequence along one chain of DNA.

Choice C is incorrect because the authors are describing the bases attached

only to the sugar, not to the sugar-phosphate ON C is the best answer.

Lines 6-7 state that “Two of the possible bases—adenine and guanine—are purines,” and on the table the percentages of ade-nine and guanine in yeast DNA are listed as 31.3% and 18.7% s A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not state the percentages

of both purines, adenine and guanine, in yeast ON A is the best answer. The authors state: “We believe that the bases

will be present almost entirely in their most probable forms. If this is true,

the conditions for forming hydrogen bonds are more restrictive, and the only

pairs of bases possible are: adenine with thymine, and guanine with cytosine”

(lines 31-35). The table shows that the pairs adenine/thymine and guanine/cytosine have notably similar percentages in DNA for all organisms B is incorrect. Although the choice of “Yes” is correct, the explana-tion for that choice misrepresents the data in the table. Choices C and D are

incorrect because the table does support the authors’ proposed pairing of

nitrogenous bases in DNA ON A is the best answer because it gives the percentage of cytosine

(17.3%) in sea urchin DNA and the percentage of guanine (17.7%) in sea

urchin DNA. Their near similar pairing supports the authors’ proposal that

possible pairings of nitrogenous bases are “adenine with thymine, and gua-nine with cytosine” (line 35).Choices B, C, and D do not provide the best evidence for the answer to the

previous question. Choice B (cytosine and thymine), Choice C (cytosine and

adenine), and Choice D (guanine and adenine) are incorrect because they

show pairings of nitrogenous bases that do not compose a similar percent-age of the bases in sea urchin DNA.9

10QUESTION D is the best answer. The table clearly shows that the percentage of ade-nine in each organism’s DNA is different, ranging from 24.7% in to 33.2%

in the octopus. That such a variability would exist is predicted in lines 41-43,

which states that “in a long molecule many different permutations are possible.”Choices A and B are incorrect because the table shows that the percentage of

adenine varies between 24.7% and 33.2% in different organisms. Choice C is

incorrect because lines 36-38 state that adenine pairs with thymine but does

not mention the variability of the base composition of ON B is the best answer. In this passage, Woolf asks women a series of

questions. Woolf wants women to consider joining “the procession of edu-cated men” (lines 56-57) by becoming members of the workforce. Woolf

stresses that this issue is urgent, as women “have very little time in which to

answer [these questions]” (lines 48-49).Choice A is incorrect because Woolf argues against the tradition of only

“the sons of educated men” (lines 82-83) joining the workforce. Choice C is

incorrect because Woolf is not highlighting the severity of social divisions

as much as she is explaining how those divisions might be reduced (with

women joining the workforce). Choice D is incorrect because Woolf does

not question the feasibility of changing the workforce ON A is the best answer. Throughout the passage, Woolf advocates for

more women to engage with existing institutions by joining the workforce:

“We too can leave the house, can mount those steps [to an office], pass in

and out of those doors, . . . make money, administer justice . . .” (lines 30-32).

Woolf tells educated women that they are at a “moment of transition” (line 51)

where they must consider their future role in the B is incorrect because even though Woolf mentions women’s tradi-tional roles (lines 68-69: “while they stirred the pot, while they rocked the

cradle”), she does not suggest that women will have to give up these traditional

roles to gain positions of influence. Choice C is incorrect because though

Woolf wonders how “the procession of the sons of educated men” impacts

women’s roles, she does not argue that this male-dominated society has had

grave and continuing effects. Choice D is incorrect because while Woolf sug-gests educated women can hold positions currently held by men, she does not

suggest that women’s entry into positions of power will change those ON C is the best answer. Woolf uses the word “we” to refer to herself

and educated women in English society, the “daughters of educated men”

(line 64). Woolf wants these women to consider participating in a chang-ing workforce: “For there, trapesing along at the tail end of the procession

[to and from work], we go ourselves” (lines 23-24). In using the word “we”

throughout the passage, Woolf establishes a sense of solidarity among edu-cated A is incorrect because Woolf does not use “we” to reflect on whether

people in a group are friendly to one another; she is concerned with generat-ing solidarity among women. Choice B is incorrect because though Woolf

admits women have predominantly “done their thinking” within traditional

female roles (lines 64-69), she does not use “we” to advocate for more can-dor among women. Choice D is incorrect because Woolf does not use “we”

to emphasize a need for people in a group to respect one other; rather, she

wants to establish a sense of solidarity among ON B is the best answer. Woolf argues that the “bridge over the River

Thames, [has] an admirable vantage ground for us to make a survey” (lines 1-3).

The phrase “make a survey” means to carefully examine an event or activity.

Woolf wants educated women to “fix [their] eyes upon the procession—the

procession of the sons of educated men” (lines 9-11) walking to A is incorrect because while Woolf states the bridge “is a place to

stand on by the hour dreaming,” she states that she is using the bridge “to

consider the facts” (lines 6-9). Woolf is not using the bridge for fanciful

reflection; she is analyzing “the procession of the sons of educated men”

(lines 10-11). Choice C is incorrect because Woolf does not compare the

bridge to historic episodes. Choice D is incorrect because Woolf does not

suggest that the bridge is a symbol of a male-dominated past, but rather that

it serves as a good place to watch men proceed to ON D is the best answer. Woolf writes that the men who conduct the

affairs of the nation (lines 15-17: “ascending those pulpits, preaching, teach-ing, administering justice, practising medicine, transacting business, mak-ing money”) are the same men who go to and from work in a “procession”

(line 10). Woolf notes that women are joining this procession, an act that

suggests the workforce has become less exclusionary: “For there, trapesing

along at the tail end of the procession, we go ourselves” (lines 23-24).Choice A is incorrect because the procession is described as “a solemn sight

always” (lines 17-18), which indicates that it has always been influential.

Choice B is incorrect because the passage does not indicate that this proces-sion has become a celebrated feature of English life. Choice C is incorrect

because the passage states only that the procession is made up of “the sons of

educated men” (lines 10-11).11

12QUESTION C is the best answer, as lines 23-24 suggest that the workforce has

become less exclusionary. In these lines Woolf describes how women are

joining the male-dominated procession that travels to and from the work

place: “For there, trapesing along at the tail end of the procession, we go

ourselves.”Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not provide the best evi-dence for the answer to the previous question. Choice A is incorrect because

lines 12-17 describe the positions predominantly held by men. Choice B is

incorrect because lines 17-19 use a metaphor to describe how the proces-sion physically looks. Choice D is incorrect because lines 30-34 hypothesize

about future jobs for ON C is the best answer. Woolf characterizes the questions she asks in

lines 53-57 as significant (“so important that they may well change the lives

of all men and women for ever,” lines 52-53) and urgent (“we have very little

time in which to answer them,” lines 48-49). Therefore, Woolf considers the

questions posed in lines 53-57 as both momentous (significant) and press-ing (urgent).Choice A is incorrect because Woolf characterizes the questions as urgent

and important, not as something that would cause controversy or fear.

Choice B is incorrect because though Woolf considers the questions to be

weighty (or “important”), she implies that they can be answered. Choice D

is incorrect because Woolf does not imply that the questions are ON B is the best answer. The answer to the previous question shows

how Woolf characterizes the questions posed in lines 53-57 as momentous

and pressing. In lines 48-49, Woolf describes these questions as “important,”

or momentous, and states that women “have very little time in which to

answer them,” which shows their s A, C, and D do not provide the best evidence for the answer to the

previous question. Choices A and D are incorrect because lines 46-47 and

line 62 suggest that women need to think about these questions and not offer

trivial objections to them. Choice C is incorrect because line 57 character-izes only the need for urgency and does not mention the significance of the

ON C is the best answer. Woolf writes that women “have thought”

while performing traditional roles such as cooking and caring for children

(lines 67-69). Woolf argues that this “thought” has shifted women’s roles in

society and earned them a “brand-new sixpence” that they need to learn how

to “spend” (lines 70-71). The “sixpence” mentioned in these lines is not a literal

coin. Woolf is using the “sixpence” as a metaphor, as she is suggesting women

take advantage of the opportunity to join the male-dominated s A, B, and D are incorrect because in this context, “sixpence” does

not refer to tolerance, knowledge, or ON B is the best answer. In lines 72-76, Woolf repeats the phrase “let

us think” to emphasize how important it is for women to critically reflect on

their role in society. Woolf states this reflection can occur at any time: “Let

us think in offices; in omnibuses; while we are standing in the crowd watch-ing Coronations and Lord Mayor’s Shows; let us think . . . in the gallery of

the House of Commons; in the Law Courts; let us think at baptisms and

marriages and funerals.”Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because in lines 72-76 Woolf is not empha-sizing the novelty of the challenge faced by women, the complexity of social

and political issues, or the enjoyable aspect of women’s career ON B is the best answer. The author of Passage 1 identifies specific

companies such as the “Planetary Resources of Washington,” “Deep Space

Industries of Virginia,” and “Golden Spike of Colorado” to support his ear-lier assertion that there are many interested groups “working to make space

mining a reality” (line 8).Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the author of Passage 1 does not

mention these companies to profile the technological advances in space

mining, the profit margins from space mining, or the diverse approaches to

space ON A is the best answer. The author of Passage 1 explicitly states that

one benefit to space mining is access to precious metals and earth elements:

“within a few decades, [space mining] may be meeting earthly demands for

precious metals, such as platinum and gold, and the rare earth elements vital

for personal electronics, such as yttrium and lanthanum” (lines 18-22).Choice B is incorrect because Passage 1 does not suggest that precious met-als extracted from space may make metals more valuable on Earth. Choice C

and Choice D are incorrect because Passage 1 never mentions how space

mining could create unanticipated technological innovations or change sci-entists’ understanding of space resources.13

14QUESTION A is the best answer.

Lines 18-22 suggest that space mining may

help meet “earthly demands for precious metals . . . and the rare earth ele-ments vital for personal electronics.” In this statement, the author is stat-ing materials (“metals,” “earth elements”) that may be gathered as a result of

space mining, and that these materials may be important to Earth’s s B, C, and D do not provide the best evidence for the answer to

the previous question. Choice B is incorrect because lines 24-28 focus on

an “off-planet economy” but never address positive effects of space mining.

Choice C is incorrect because lines 29-30 suggest the relative value of water

found in space. Choice D is incorrect because lines 41-44 state that space

mining companies hope to find specific resources in lunar soil and asteroids

but do not address how these resources are important to Earth’s ON D is the best answer. The author suggests in lines 19-22 that space

mining may meet “earthly demands for precious metals, such as platinum

and gold, and the rare earth elements vital for personal electronics.” In this

sentence, “earthly demands” suggests that people want, or desire, these pre-cious metals and rare earth s A, B, and C are incorrect because in this context “demands” does

not mean offers, claims, or ON C is the best answer. Lines 29-30 introduce the idea that water

mined in space may be very valuable: “water mined from other worlds could

become the most desired commodity.” Lines 35-40 support this assertion by

suggesting how mined space water could be used “for drinking or as a radia-tion shield” (lines 36-37) or to make “spacecraft fuel” (line 38).Choice A is incorrect because the comparison in the previous paragraph (the

relative value of gold and water to someone in the desert) is not expanded

upon in lines 35-40. Choice B is incorrect because the question asked in the

previous paragraph is also answered in that paragraph. Choice D is incorrect

because no specific proposals are made in the previous paragraph; rather, an

assertion is made and a question is ON B is the best answer. The author of Passage 2 recognizes that

space mining may prove beneficial to humanity, stating that “we all stand

to gain: the mineral bounty and spin-off technologies could enrich us all”

(lines 50-52). The author also repeatedly mentions that space mining should

be carefully considered before it is implemented: “But before the miners

start firing up their rockets, we should pause for thought” (lines 53-54); “But

[space mining’s] consequences—both here on Earth and in space—merit

careful consideration” (lines 57-59).Choice A is incorrect because the author of Passage 2 concedes that “space

mining seems to sidestep most environmental concerns” (lines 55-56) but

does not imply that space mining will recklessly harm the environment,

either on Earth or in space. Choice C is incorrect because the author of

Passage 2 does not address any key resources that may be disappearing on

Earth. Choice D is incorrect because the author of Passage 2 admits that

“resources that are valuable in orbit and beyond may be very different to

those we prize on Earth” (lines 74-76) but does not mention any disagree-ment about the commercial viabilities of space mining ON A is the best answer. In lines 60-66, the author presents some envi-ronmental arguments against space mining: “[space] is not ours to despoil”

and we should not “[glut] ourselves on space’s riches.” The author then sug-gests that these environmental arguments will be hard to “hold,” or maintain,

when faced with the possible monetary rewards of space mining: “History

suggests that those will be hard lines to hold . . .” (line 68).Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because in this context, “hold” does not

mean grip, restrain, or ON D is the best answer. The author of Passage 1 is excited about the

possibilities of space mining and how it can yield valuable materials, such

as metals and elements (lines 19-20 and lines 41-42), water ice (line 35),

and space dirt (line 44). The author of Passage 2, on the other hand, recog-nizes the possible benefits of space mining but also states that space mining

should be thoughtfully considered before being implemented. Therefore, the

author of Passage 2 expresses some concerns about a concept discussed in

Passage A is incorrect because the author of Passage 2 does not refute the

central claim of Passage 1; both authors agree there are possible benefits to

space mining. Choice B is incorrect because the author of Passage 1 does

not describe space mining in more general terms than does the author of

Passage 2. Choice C is incorrect because the author of Passage 2 is not sug-gesting that the space mining proposals stated in Passage 1 are ON B is the best answer. In lines 18-28, the author of Passage 1 describes

many of the possible economic benefits of space mining, including the

15

16building of “an off-planet economy” (line 25). The author of Passage 2 warns

that there may be ramifications to implementing space mining and building

an “emerging off-world economy” (line 73) without regulation: “But miners

have much to gain from a broad agreement on the for-profit exploitation of

space. Without consensus, claims will be disputed, investments risky, and

the gains made insecure” (lines 83-87).Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the author of Passage 2 does

not suggest that the benefits to space mining mentioned in lines 18-28 of

Passage 1 are unsustainable, unachievable, or will negatively affect Earth’s

economy. Rather, the author recognizes the benefits of space mining but

advocates for the development of regulation ON D is the best answer. In lines 85-87, the author of Passage 2 states

that the future of space mining will prove difficult without regulations

because “claims will be disputed, investments risky, and the gains made

insecure.”Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not provide the best evi-dence for the answer to the previous question. Choice A is incorrect because

lines 60-63 present some environmental concerns toward space mining.

Choice B is incorrect because lines 74-76 focus on how space mining may

discover valuable resources that are different from the ones found on Earth.

Choice C is incorrect because lines 81-83 simply describe one person’s

objections to the regulation of the space mining ON A is the best answer because both Passage 1 and Passage 2 indi-cate a belief that the resources most valued in space may differ from those

most valued on our planet. Passage 2 says this explicitly in lines 74-76: “The

resources that are valuable in orbit and beyond may be very different to

those we prize on Earth.” Meanwhile Passage 1 suggests that water mined

from space may be more valuable than metals or other earth elements when

creating an “off-plant economy” (lines 25-30).Choice B is incorrect because neither passage discusses, either implicitly or

explicitly, the need for space mining to be inexpensive. Choice C is incor-rect because Passage 2 does not specifically identify precious metals or rare

earth elements but instead focuses on theoretical problems with space min-ing. Choice D is incorrect because diminishing resources on Earth is not

discussed in Passage 2.

Section 2: Writing and Language TestQUESTION D is the best answer because “outweigh” is the only choice that

appropriately reflects the relationship the sentence sets up between “advan-tages” and “drawbacks.”Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because each implies a competitive rela-tionship that is inappropriate in this ON B is the best answer because it offers a second action that farmers

can undertake to address the problem of acid whey disposal, thus support-ing the claim made in the previous sentence (“To address the problem of

disposal, farmers have found a number of uses for acid whey”).Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not offer examples of how

farmers could make use of acid ON A is the best answer because it results in a sentence that is gram-matically correct and coherent. In choice A, “waterways,” the correct plural

form of “waterway,” conveys the idea that acid whey could impact multiple

bodies of water. Additionally, the compound verb “can pollute” suggests that

acid whey presents an ongoing, potential s B and D are incorrect because both use the possessive form of

“waterway.” Choice C is incorrect because it creates an unnecessary shift in

verb tense. The present tense verb “can pollute” should be used instead, as it

is consistent with the other verbs in the ON C is the best answer because it utilizes proper punctuation for items

listed in a series. In this case those items are nouns: “Yogurt manufacturers,

food scientists, and government officials.”Choices A and B are incorrect because both fail to recognize that the items

are a part of a series. Since a comma is used after “manufacturers,” a semi-colon or colon should not be used after “scientists.” Choice D is incorrect

because the comma after “and” is unnecessary and deviates from grammati-cal conventions for presenting items in a ON C is the best answer because sentence 5 logically links sentence 2,

which explains why Greek yogurt production yields large amounts of acid

17

18whey, and sentence 3, which mentions the need to dispose of acid whey

s A, B, and D are incorrect because each would result in an illogical

progression of sentences for this paragraph. If sentence 5 were left where it is

or placed after sentence 3, it would appear illogically after the discussion of

“the problem of disposal.” If sentence 5 were placed after sentence 1, it would

illogically discuss “acid-whey runoff” before the mention of acid whey being

“difficult to dispose of.”QUESTION D is the best answer because the paragraph includes several ben-efits of consuming Greek yogurt, particularly in regard to nutrition and sat-isfying hunger, to support the sentence’s claim that the conservation efforts

are “well worth the effort.” This transition echoes the passage’s earlier claim

that “the advantages of Greek yogurt outweigh the potential drawbacks of its

production.”Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they inaccurately describe the

sentence in ON B is the best answer because it provides a grammatically standard

preposition that connects the verb “serves” and noun “digestive aid” and

accurately depicts their A is incorrect because the infinitive form “to be” yields a grammati-cally incorrect verb construction: “serves to be.” Choices C and D are incor-rect because both present options that deviate from standard English ON C is the best answer because it presents a verb tense that is consistent

in the context of the sentence. The choice is also free of the redundant “it.”Choice A is incorrect because the subject “it” creates a redundancy. Choices

B and D are incorrect because they present verb tenses that are inconsistent

in the context of the ON A is the best answer because it properly introduces an additional

health benefit in a series of sentences that list health benefits. “Also” is the

logical and coherent choice to communicate an s B, C, and D are incorrect because none of the transitions they offer

logically fits the content that precedes or follows the proposed choice.

QUESTION A is the best answer because “satiated” is the only choice that com-municates effectively that Greek yogurt will satisfy hunger for a longer

period of s B, C, and D are incorrect because each is improper usage in this con-text. A person can be “fulfilled” spiritually or in other ways, but a person who

has eaten until he or she is no longer hungry cannot be described as fulfilled.

Neither can he or she be described as being “complacent” or “sufficient.”QUESTION B is the best answer because it provides a syntactically coherent and

grammatically correct s A and C are incorrect because the adverbial conjunctions “there-fore” and “so,” respectively, are unnecessary following “Because.” Choice D is

incorrect because it results in a grammatically incomplete sentence (the part

of the sentence before the colon must be an independent clause).QUESTION B is the best answer

because the graph clearly indicates that, on March 5,

average low temperatures are at their lowest point: 12 degrees A is incorrect because the phrase “as low as” suggests that the tem-perature falls no lower than 20 degrees Fahrenheit, but the chart shows that

in January, February, and March, the temperature frequently falls below that

point. Choices C and D are incorrect because the information each provides

is inconsistent with the information on the ON A is the best answer because it concisely combines the two sen-tences while maintaining the original s B, C, and D are incorrect because each is unnecessarily wordy, thus

undermining one purpose of combining two sentences: to make the phras-ing more ON B is the best answer because it provides a conjunctive adverb that

accurately represents the relationship between the two sentences. “However”

signals an exception to a case stated in the preceding s A, C, and D are incorrect because each provides a transition that

does not accurately represent the relationship between the two sentences,

and as a result each compromises the logical coherence of these sentences.19

20QUESTION C is the best answer because it provides commas to offset the non-restrictive modifying clause “an associate professor of geology at Ohio State.”Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because each provides punctuation that

does not adequately separate the nonrestrictive modifying clause about

Jason Box from the main ON C is the best answer because the colon signals that the other factor

that contributed to the early thaw is about to be A is incorrect because it results in a sentence that deviates from

grammatical standards: a semicolon should be used to separate two inde-pendent clauses, but in choice A the second clause only has a subject, not

a verb. Choice B is incorrect because it is unnecessarily wordy. Choice D is

incorrect because “being” is unnecessary and creates an incoherent ON C is the best answer because it provides the correct preposition

(“of”) and relative pronoun (“which”) that together create a dependent

clause following the s A, B, and D are incorrect because each results in a comma splice.

Two independent clauses cannot be joined with only a ON A is the best answer because the verb tense is consistent with the

preceding past tense verbs in the sentence, specifically “produced” and

“drifted.”Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because each utilizes a verb tense that is

not consistent with the preceding past tense verbs in the ON D is the best answer because “their” is the possessive form of a plu-ral noun. In this case, the noun is plural: “snow and ice.”Choices A and B are incorrect because the possessive pronoun must refer

to a plural noun, “snow and ice,” rather than a singular noun. Choice C is

incorrect because “there” would result in an incoherent ON D is the best answer. The preceding sentences in the paragraph have

established that a darker surface of soot-covered snow leads to more melting

because this darker surface absorbs heat, whereas a whiter surface, free of soot,

would deflect heat. As the passage points out, exposed land and water are also

dark and cannot deflect heat the way ice and snow can. Only choice D reflects

the self-reinforcing cycle that the preceding sentences already s A, B, and C

are incorrect because the information each provides

fails to support the previous claim that the “result” of the soot “is a self-reinforcing cycle.”QUESTION B is the best answer because it is free of s A, C, and D are incorrect because each of the three presents a

redundancy: Choice A uses “repeat” and “again”; Choice C uses “damage”

and “harmful effects”; and Choice D uses “may” and “possibly.”QUESTION D is the best answer because sentence 5 describes the information

Box seeks: “to determine just how much the soot is contributing to the melt-ing of the ice sheet.” Unless sentence 4 comes after sentence 5, readers will

not know what the phrase “this crucial information” in sentence 4 refers s A, B, and C are incorrect because each results in an illogical sen-tence progression. None of the sentences that would precede sentence 4 pro-vides details that could be referred to as “this crucial information.”QUESTION D is the best answer because it is free of redundancies and offers the

correct form of the verb “wear” in this s A, B, and C are incorrect because all three contain a redundancy.

Considering that “quickly” is a fixed part of the sentence, choice A’s “soon”

and choice B and C’s “promptly” all result in redundancies. Choices A and B

are also incorrect because each uses an incorrect form of the ON D is the best answer because it is the only choice that provides a

grammatically standard and coherent sentence. The participial phrase

“Having become frustrated. . .” functions as an adjective modifying “I,” the

s A, B, and C are incorrect because each results in a dangling modi-fier. The participial phrase “Having become frustrated . . .” does not refer

to choice A’s “no colleagues,” choice B’s “colleagues,” or choice C’s “ideas.”

As such, all three choices yield incoherent and grammatically incorrect

sentences.21

22QUESTION B is the best answer because it provides the correct preposition in

this context, “about.”Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because each provides a preposition that

deviates from correct usage. One might read an article “about” coworking

spaces but not an article “into,” “upon,” or “for” coworking ON A is the best answer because it provides the correct punctuation for

the dependent clause that begins with the phrase “such as.”Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because each presents punctuation that

deviates from the standard way of punctuating the phrase “such as.” When

“such as” is a part of a nonrestrictive clause, as it is here, only one comma is

needed to separate it from the main independent ON B is the best answer because it provides a transitional phrase, “In

addition to equipment,” that accurately represents the relationship between

the two sentences connected by the transitional phrase. Together, the sen-tences describe the key features of coworking spaces, focusing on what the

spaces offer (equipment and meeting rooms).Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because each provides a transition that

does not accurately represent the relationship between the two ON C is the best answer because the sentence is a distraction from the

paragraph’s focus. Nothing in the paragraph suggests that the cost of setting

up a coworking business is relevant s A and D are incorrect because neither accurately represents the

information in the paragraph. Choice B is incorrect because it does not

accurately represent the information in the next ON B is the best answer because it logically follows the writer’s preced-ing statement about creativity and accurately represents the information in

the s A, C, and D are incorrect because they present inaccurate and

unsupported interpretations of the information in the graph. In addition,

none of these choices provides directly relevant support for the main topic

of the paragraph.

QUESTION D is the best answer because it provides a relative pronoun and verb

that create a standard and coherent sentence. The relative pronoun “who”

refers to the subject “the people,” and the plural verb “use” corresponds

grammatically with the plural noun “people.”Choices A and B are incorrect because “whom” is the relative pronoun used

to represent an object. The noun “people” is a subject performing an action

(using the coworking space). Choices B and C are also incorrect because

they display a form of the verb “to use” that does not correspond to the plu-ral noun “people.”QUESTION C is the best answer because the proposed sentence offers a neces-sary and logical transition between sentence 2, which introduces the facility

the writer chose, and sentence 3, which tells what happened at the facility

“Throughout the morning.”Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because each would result in an illogical

progression of ON A is the best answer because the punctuation it provides results in

a grammatically standard and coherent sentence. When an independent

clause is followed by a list, a colon is used to link the B is incorrect because the punctuation creates a fragment (a semi-colon should be used to link two independent clauses). Choice C is incor-rect because its use of the comma creates a series in which “several of my

coworking colleagues” are distinguished from the “website developer” and

others, although the logic of the sentence would suggest that they are the

same. Choice D is incorrect because it lacks the punctuation necessary to

link the independent clause and the ON A is the best answer because it provides a phrase that is consistent

with standard English usage and also maintains the tone and style of the

B is incorrect because “give some wisdom” deviates from stan-dard English usage and presents a somewhat colloquial phrase in a text

that is generally free of colloquialisms. Choices C and D are incorrect

because both are inconsistent with the tone of the passage as well as its

purpose. The focus of the paragraph is on sharing, not on proclaiming

opinions.23

24QUESTION A is the best answer because it offers a phrase that introduces a basic

definition of philosophy and thereby fits the s B, C, and D are incorrect because each offers a transition that does

not suit the purpose of the ON A is the best answer because it offers the most succinct comparison

between the basic definition of philosophy and the fact that students can

gain specific, practical skills from the study of philosophy. There is no need

to include the participle “speaking” in this sentence, as it is clear from con-text that the writer is offering a different s B, C, and D are incorrect because they provide options that are

unnecessarily ON B is the best answer because it provides a verb that creates a gram-matically complete, standard, and coherent s A, C, and D are incorrect because each results in a grammatically

incomplete and incoherent ON D is the best answer because it most effectively sets up the informa-tion in the following sentences, which state that (according to information

from the 1990s) “only 18 percent of American colleges required at least one

philosophy course,” and “more than 400 independent philosophy depart-ments were eliminated” from colleges. These details are most logically linked

to the claim that “colleges have not always supported the study of philosophy.”Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because none of these effectively sets up

the information that follows, which is about colleges’ failure to support the

study of ON C is the best answer because it provides a transition that logically

connects the information in the previous sentence to the information in this

one. Both sentences provide evidence of colleges’ lack of support of philoso-phy programs, so the adverb “Moreover,” which means “In addition,” accu-rately captures the relationship between the two s A, B, and D are incorrect because each presents a transition that

does not accurately depict or support the relationship between the two sen-tences. The second sentence is not a result of the first (“Therefore,” “Thus”),

and the sentences do not provide a contrast (“However”).

QUESTION A is the best answer because it succinctly expresses the idea that

“students who major in philosophy often do better . . . as measured by stan-dardized test scores.”Choices B and D are incorrect because they introduce a redundancy and

a vague term, “results.” The first part of the sentence mentions a research

finding or conclusion but does not directly address any “results,” so it is

confusing to refer to “these results” and indicate that they “can be” or “are

measured by standardized test scores.” The best way to express the idea is

simply to say that some students “often do better” than some other students

“in both verbal reasoning and analytical writing as measured by standard-ized test scores.” Choice C is incorrect because there is no indication that

multiple criteria are used to evaluate students’ “verbal reasoning and analyti-cal writing”: test scores and something else. Only test scores are ON B is the best answer because it provides subject-verb agreement and

thus creates a grammatically correct and coherent A is incorrect because the verb “has scored” does not correspond

with the plural subject “students.” Similarly, Choice C is incorrect because

the verb “scores” would correspond with a singular subject, but not the plu-ral subject present in this sentence. Choice D is incorrect because it results

in a grammatically incomplete and incoherent ON B is the best answer because it provides a coherent and grammati-cally standard s A and D are incorrect because both present “students” in the pos-sessive form, whereas the sentence establishes “students” as the subject

(“many students . . . have”). Choice C is incorrect because the verb form it

proposes results in an incomplete and incoherent ON C is the best answer because it accurately depicts how inserting this

sentence would affect the overall paragraph. The fact that Plato used the dia-logue form has little relevance to the preceding claim about the usefulness of

a philosophy s A and B are incorrect because the proposed sentence interrupts the

progression of reasoning in the paragraph. Choice D is incorrect because, as

with Choice A, Plato’s works have nothing to do with “the employability of

philosophy majors.”25

26QUESTION D is the best answer because it creates a complete and coherent

s A, B, and C are incorrect because each inserts an unnecessary rela-tive pronoun or conjunction, resulting in a sentence without a main ON D is the best answer because it provides a possessive pronoun that is

consistent with the sentence’s plural subject “students,” thus creating a gram-matically sound s A, B, and C are incorrect because each proposes a possessive pro-noun that is inconsistent with the plural noun “students,” the established

subject of the n 3: Math Test — No CalculatorQUESTION D is correct.

Since k = 3, one can substitute 3 for k in the equa-tion

_x

− 1by 3 gives

3

=k, which gives

_x

− 1x − 1 = 9 and then adding 1 to both sides of

3

=3. Multiplying both sides of

_x

− 1

=3

x − 1 = 9 gives

3x = s A, B, and C are incorrect because the result of subtracting 1 from

the value and dividing by 3 is not the given value of k, which is ON A is correct.

To calculate (7 + 3i) + (−8 + 9i), add the real parts of

each complex number, 7 + (−8) = −1, and then add the imaginary parts,

3i + 9i = 12i. The result is −1 + s B, C, and D are incorrect and likely result from common errors that

arise when adding complex numbers. For example, choice B is the result of

adding 3i and −9i, and choice C is the result of adding 7 and ON C is correct.

The total number of messages sent by Armand

is the 5 hours he spent texting multiplied by his rate of texting:

m texts/hour × 5 hours = 5m texts. Similarly, the total number of messages

sent by Tyrone is the 4 hours he spent texting multiplied by his rate of tex-ting: p texts/hour × 4 hours = 4p texts. The total number of messages sent

by Armand and Tyrone is the sum of the total number of messages sent by

Armand and the total number of messages sent by Tyrone: 5m + 4p.

Choice A is incorrect and arises from adding the coefficients and multiplying

the variables of 5m and 4p. Choice B is incorrect and is the result of multiply-ing 5m and 4p. The total number of messages sent by Armand and Tyrone

should be the sum of 5m and 4p, not the product of these terms. Choice D is

incorrect because it multiplies Armand’s number of hours spent texting by

Tyrone’s rate of texting, and vice versa. This mix-up results in an expression

that does not equal the total number of messages sent by Armand and ON B is correct.

The value 108 in the equation is the value of P in

P = 108 − 23 d when d = 0. When d = 0, Kathy has worked 0 days that week.

In other words, 108 is the number of phones left before Kathy has started

work for the week. Therefore, the meaning of the value 108 in the equation

is that Kathy starts each week with 108 phones to fix because she has worked

0 days and has 108 phones left to A is incorrect because Kathy will complete the repairs when P = 0.

Since P = 108 − 23d, this will occur when 0 = 108 − 23d or when d =

108_

,not when d = 108. Therefore, the value 108 in the equation does not repre-23sent the number of days it will take Kathy to complete the repairs. Choices C

and D are incorrect because the number 23 in P = 108 − 23P = 108 indicates

that the number of phones left will decrease by 23 for each increase in the

value of d by 1; in other words, that Kathy is repairing phones at a rate of

23 per day, not 108 per hour (choice C) or 108 per day (choice D).QUESTION C is correct.

Only like terms, with the same variables and exponents,

can be combined to determine the answer as shown here:(x2y − 3y2 + 5xy2) − (−x2y + 3xy2 − 3y2)= (x2y − (−x2y)) + (−3y2 − (−3y2)) + (5xy2 − 3xy2)= 2x2y + 0 + 2xy2= 2x2y + 2xy2Choices A, B, and D are incorrect and are the result of common calculation

errors or of incorrectly combining like and unlike ON A is correct.

In the equation h = 3a + 28.6, if a, the age of the

boy, increases by 1, then h becomes h = 3(a + 1) + 28.6 = 3a + 3 + 28.6 =

(3a + 28.6) + 3. Therefore, the model estimates that the boy’s height increases

by 3 inches each atively: The height, h, is a linear function of the age, a, of the boy. The

coefficient 3 can be interpreted as the rate of change of the function; in this

27

28case, the rate of change can be described as a change of 3 inches in height for

every additional year in s B, C, and D are incorrect and are likely to result from common

errors in calculating the value of h or in calculating the difference between

the values of h for different values of ON B is correct.

(

Since the right-hand side of the equation is P times the

expression

_1,200r

1 +

_

(

)(

1,200r

N

1 +

_

1,200r

)N)−1, multiplying both sides of the equation by

r)Nthe reciprocal of this expression results in

1 +

_

1,200

− 1

(

(

_ m = P.

1,200r

)

(

1 +

_

1,200r

)N

Choices A, C, and D are incorrect and are likely the result of conceptual or

computation errors while trying to solve for ON C is correct.

Sincea_b

= 2, it follows that

b_ =_1 . Multiplying both sidesof the equation by

4 gives 4

(

b_a

)a2=_4ab

= A is incorrect because if

4_baChoice B is incorrect because if

4

= 0, then

_

_

b

a

= 1, then

a_ = 4. Choice D is incorrect

b would be undefined.

because if

_4

ab

= 4, then

a_

abb

= ON B is correct.

Adding x and 19 to both sides of 2y − x = −19

gives x = 2y + 19. Then, substituting 2y + 19 for x in 3x + 4y = −23 gives

3(2y + 19) + 4y = −23. This last equation is equivalent to 10y + 57 = −23.

Solving 10y + 57 = −23 gives y = −8. Finally, substituting −8 for y in

2y − x = −19 gives 2(−8) − x = −19, or x = 3. Therefore, the solution (x, y) to

the given system of equations is (3, −8).Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because when the given values of x and y

are substituted in 2y − x = −19, the value of the left side of the equation does

not equal −ON A is correct.

Since g is an even function, g(−4) = g(4) = atively: First find the value of a, and then find g(−4). Since g(4) = 8,

substituting 4 for x and 8 for g(x) gives 8 = a(4)2 + 24 = 16a + 24. Solving this

last equation gives a = −1. Thus g(x) = −x2 + 24, from which it follows that

g(−4) = −(−4)2 + 24; g(−4) = −16 + 24; and g(−4) = s B, C, and D are incorrect because g is a function and there can only

be one value of g(−4).QUESTION D is correct.

To determine the price per pound of beef when it was

equal to the price per pound of chicken, determine the value of x (the num-ber of weeks after July 1) when the two prices were equal. The prices were

equal when b = c; that is, when 2.35 + 0.25is equivalent to 0.60 = 0.15x, and so x =

0.60x = 1.75 + 0.40x. This last equation

_

= 4. Then to determine b, the

price per pound of beef, substitute 4 for

0.15x in b = 2.35 + 0.25x, which gives

b = 2.35 + 0.25(4) = 3.35 dollars per A is incorrect. It results from using the value 1, not 4, for x in

b = 2.35 + 0.25x. Choice B is incorrect. It results from using the value 2,

not 4, for x in b = 2.35 + 0.25x. Choice C is incorrect. It results from using

the value 3, not 4, for x in c = 1.75 + ON D is correct.

Determine the equation of the line to find the relation-ship between the x- and y-coordinates of points on the line. All lines through

the origin are of the form y = mx, so the equation is

1_the line if and only if its y-coordinate is

1y =

x. A point lies on

_

of its x7choices, only choice D, (14, 2), satisfies this condition: 2 =

7-coordinate. Of the given

1_7

(14).Choice A is incorrect because the line determined by the origin (0, 0) and (0, 7) is

the vertical line with equation

undefined, not

1x = 0; that is, the y-axis. The slope of the y-axis is

_

. Therefore, the point (0, 7) does not lie on the line that passes

the origin and has slope

71_

. Choices B and C are incorrect because neither of the

ordered pairs has a y-coordinate that is

71_7

the value of the ON B is correct.

To rewrite

1_1

, multiply by

(x + 2)(x + 3)x + 21

+_x + 3(x + 2)(x + 3).

This results in the expression

(x + 2)(x + 3), which is equivalent to the

expression in choice B.(x + 3) + (x + 2)Choices A, C, and D are incorrect and could be the result of common alge-braic errors that arise while manipulating a complex ON A is correct.

One approach is to express

_

8x2y

so that the numerator

and denominator are expressed with the same base. Since 2 and 8 are both

29

30powers of 2, substituting 23 for 8 in the numerator of

_

8x

(2_3

gives

)xyy ,whichcan be rewritten as

2_3x22

y . Since the numerator and denominator of

2_

3xy have

a common base, this expression can be rewritten as 223x−y. It is given that

23x − y = 12, so one can substitute 12 for the exponent, 3expression

_28

xx − y, giving that the

y is equal to 2

s B and C are incorrect because they are not equal to 212. Choice D is

incorrect because the value

of

_28xy

can be ON D is correct.

One can find the possible values of a and b in

(ax + 2)(bx + 7) by using the given equation a + b = 8 and find-ing another equation that relates the variables a and b. Since

(ax + 2)(bx + 7) = 15x2

+ cx + 14, one can expand the left side of the equation

to obtain abx2 + 7ax + 2bx + 14 = 15x2 + cx + 14. Since ab is the coefficient of

x2 on the left side of the equation and 15 is the coefficient of x2 on the right

side of the equation, it must be true that ab = 15. Since a + b = 8, it follows

that b = 8 − a. Thus, ab = 15 can be rewritten as a(8 − a) = 15, which in turn

can be rewritten as a2 − 8a + 15 = 0. Factoring gives (a − 3)(a − 5) = 0. Thus,

either a = 3 and b = 5, or a = 5 and b = 3. If a = 3 and b = 5, then (ax + 2)(bx + 7) = (3x + 2)(5x + 7) = 15x2 + 31x + 14. Thus, one of the possible val-ues of c is 31. If a = 5 and b = 3, then (ax + 2)(bx + 7) = (5x + 2)(3x + 7) =

15x2 + 41x + 14. Thus, another possible value for c is 41. Therefore, the two

possible values for c are 31 and A is incorrect; the numbers 3 and 5 are possible values for a and

b, but not possible values for c. Choice B is incorrect; if a = 5 and b = 3,

then 6 and 35 are the coefficients of x when the expression (5x + 2)(3x + 7)

is expanded as 15x2 + 35x + 6x + 14. However, when the coefficients of x

are 6 and 35, the value of c is 41 and not 6 and 35. Choice C is incorrect; if

a = 3 and b = 5, then 10 and 21 are the coefficients of x when the expression

(3x + 2)(5x + 7) is expanded as 15x2 + 21x + 10x + 14. However, when the

coefficients of x are 10 and 21, the value of c is 31 and not 10 and ON correct answer is 2. To solve for t, factor the left side of t2 − 4 = 0, giv-ing (t − 2)(t + 2) = 0. Therefore, either t − 2 = 0 or t + 2 = 0. If t − 2 = 0, then

t = 2, and if t + 2 = 0, then t = −2. Since it is given that t > 0, the value of t

must be r way to solve for t is to add 4 to both sides of t2 − 4 = 0, giving t2 = 4.

Then, taking the square root of the left and the right side of the equation

gives t = ±

√_

4

= ±2. Since it is given that t > 0, the value of t must be 2.

QUESTION correct answer is 1600. It is given that ∠AEB and ∠CDB have the

same measure. Since ∠ABE and ∠CBD are vertical angles, they have the

same measure. Therefore, triangle EAB is similar to triangle DCB because

the triangles have two pairs of congruent corresponding angles (angle-angle criterion for similarity of triangles). Since the triangles are similar, the

corresponding sides are in the same proportion; thus

CD_

the given values of 800 for CD, 700 for BD, and 1400 for

x

=

_BDEB

.SubstitutingEB in

CD_

=_BD

gives800_x

=_1400700

.

Therefore,x =

(800)(1400)_

700

x

=

QUESTION correct answer is 7. Subtracting the left and right sides of x + y = −9 from

the corresponding sides of x + 2y = −25 gives (x + 2y) − (x + y) = −25 − (−9),

which is equivalent to y = −16. Substituting −16 for y in x + y = −9 gives

x + (−16) = −9, which is equivalent to x = −9 − (−16) = ON correct answer is

4_

for sine and cosine, sin(5 or 0.8. By the complementary angle relationship

x°) = cos(90° − x°). Therefore, cos(90° − x°) =

4_

.Either the fraction

4_

55

or its decimal equivalent, 0.8, may be gridded as the

correct atively, one can construct a right triangle that has an angle of measure

x° such that sin(x°) =

4_

, as shown in the figure below, where sin(to the ratio of the opposite side to the hypotenuse, or

54x°) is equal

_

5

.90 –

x54x90°Since two of the angles of the triangle are of measure x° and 90°, the third

angle must have the measure 180° − 90° − x° = 90° − x°. From the figure,

cos(90° − x°), which is equal to the ratio of the adjacent side to the hypot-enuse, is also

4_

5

.QUESTION correct answer is 1002a =

__. Since

_a = 5

√

2

_ ,

one can substitute 5

_√

2

__

for a in

(10

√_√

2 x

, giving 10

√

2

=

√

2 x

. Squaring each side of 10

√

2

=

√

x

gives

2

)2 = (

√_2

x)2, which simplifies to (10)2

(

√_2

)2 = (

√_2

2

x)2, or 200 = 2x. This gives

x = 100. Checking x = 100 in the original equation gives 2(5

√_

)

=

_which is true since 2(5

√_

2 )

= 10

√_

2

and

√_

(2)(100)

= (

√_

2 )

(

√_2

100 ) = 10

√(2)(100)

√_,

2 .

31

32Section 4: Math Test — CalculatorQUESTION B is correct.

On the graph, a line segment with a positive slope rep-resents an interval over which the target heart rate is strictly increasing as

time passes. A horizontal line segment represents an interval over which

there is no change in the target heart rate as time passes, and a line seg-ment with a negative slope represents an interval over which the target heart

rate is strictly decreasing as time passes. Over the interval between 40 and

60 minutes, the graph consists of a line segment with a positive slope fol-lowed by a line segment with a negative slope, with no horizontal line seg-ment in between, indicating that the target heart rate is strictly increasing

then strictly A is incorrect because the graph over the interval between 0 and

30 minutes contains a horizontal line segment, indicating a period in

which there was no change in the target heart rate. Choice C is incorrect

because the graph over the interval between 50 and 65 minutes consists of

a line segment with a negative slope followed by a line segment with a pos-itive slope, indicating that the target heart rate is strictly decreasing then

strictly increasing. Choice D is incorrect because the graph over the interval

between 70 and 90 minutes contains horizontal line segments and no seg-ment with a negative ON C is correct.

Substituting 6 for x and 24 for y in y = kx gives 24 = (k)(6),

which gives k = 4. Hence, y = 4x. Therefore, when x = 5, the value of y is

(4)(5) = 20. None of the other choices for y is correct because y is a function of

x, and so there is only one y-value for a given s A, B, and D are incorrect. Choice A is the result of using 6 for y

and 5 for x when solving for k. Choice B results from using a value of 3 for k

when solving for y. Choice D results from using y = k + x instead of y = ON D is correct.

Consider the measures of ∠3 and ∠4 in the figure 1