研究生英语精读教程(第三版_上)第6单元英文原文及翻译和课后答案_百

Unit Six

Two Truths to Live By

Hold fast, and let go:understand this paradox*, and you standat the

very gate of wisdom

Alexander M. Schindler

[ 1 ] The art of living is to know when to hold fast and when to let go. For life is a

paradox: it enjoins* us to cling to* its many gifts even while it ordains* their eventual

relinquishment*The rabbis* of old put it this way: "A man comes to this world with

his fist clenched*, but when he dies, his hand is open."

[1] 生活的秘诀在于懂得何时抓紧，何时放松。因为人生就是一对矛盾：它既令我们抓紧人生的多种赐与，同时它又要我们到头来把这些赐与放弃。老一辈犹太学者是这样说的：“ 一个人握紧拳头来到这个世界，但他却是松开手掌离开这世界的。”

[ 2 ] Surely we ought to hold fast to life, for it is wondrous*, and full of a beauty

that breaks through* every pore* of God's own earth. We know that this is so, but all

too often we recognize this truth only in our backward glance when we remember

what it was and then suddenly realize that it is no more.

[2] 毫无疑问，我们应该牢牢抓住生命，因为它奇妙，它有一种在上帝创造的世界里无孔不入、无处不在的美。我们大家都知道这一点。可我们却常常是在回首往事想起它时，才能认识这一真理。此时我们会突然发觉它已不复存在了。

[ 3 ] We remember a beauty that faded, a love that waned*. But we remember

with far greater pain that we did not see that beauty when it flowered, that we failed

to respond with love when it was tendered.

[3] 我们能记起已经凋谢的美、已经消逝的爱。可是，我们更痛苦的回忆是：我们没有看见顶峰时的美，没有在别人以爱对我之时也以爱回报。

[ 4 ] A recent experience re-taught me this truth.. I was hospitalized* following a

severe heart attack and had been in intensive care for several days. It was not a

pleasant place.

[4] 最近一次经历又使我领悟到了这个真理。一场剧烈的心脏病发作后，我被送进医院，接受了几天精心护理。医院可不是一个使人愉快的地方。

[ 5 ] One morning, I had to have some additional tests. The required machines

were located in a building at the opposite end of the hospital, so I had to be wheeled

across the courtyard on a gurney*.

[5] 一天上午，我得加做几项检查。我要用的医疗器械安装在医院另一端的大楼里。所以我只有坐轮椅穿过院子才能到达那里。

[ 6 ] As we emerged from our unit, the sunlight hit me. That's all there was to my

experience. Just the light of the sun. And yet how beautiful it was--how warming,

how sparkling*, how brilliant!

[6] 当我们走出病房时，阳光正照在我身上。就我实际的经历而言，当时也没有什么别的。只不过就是阳光。而这时的阳光是多么美丽、多么温暖、多么耀眼、多么辉煌!

[ 7 ] I looked to see whether anyone else relished* the sun's golden glow, but

everyone was hurrying to and fro, most with eyes fixed on the I

remembered how often I, too, had been indifferent to* the grandeur* of each day,

too preoccupied* with petty* and sometimes even mean concerns to respond to the

splendor* of it all

[7] 我打量着别人是否也在欣赏着这太阳的金光芒。可是，人人都来去匆匆，大多数人的目光只盯在地上。这时我想到自己过去又何尝不是往往对每天的壮观景象视而不见，一头埋在细小的，有时甚至是卑鄙、自私的事务中，而对日常的奇观麻木不仁呢?

[ 8 ] The insight* gleaned* from that experience is really as commonplace* as was

the experience itself: life's gifts are precious ----but we are too heedless* of them.

[8] 从这次经历所获得的顿悟确如经历本身一样的平凡。生命的赐予是宝贵的，可惜我们对它们太掉以轻心了。

[ 9 ] Here then is the first pole of life's paradoxical demands on us: Never too busy

for the wonder and the awe* of life. Be reverent* before each dawning day. Embrace

each hour. Seize each golden minute.

[9] 这就是人生向我们提出的矛盾要求的第一个方面：不要因为太忙就忽视了生活中令人惊奇、令人敬畏的东西。每天黎明开始就要恭谨从事。抓紧每个小时，捉住宝贵的每一分钟。

[ 10 ] Hold fast to life ... but not so fast that you cannot let go. This is the second

side of life's coin, the opposite pole of its paradox: we must accept our losses, and

learn how to let go.

[10] 紧紧抓住生活——可不要紧得使你不能松手。这就是生活的另一面——矛盾的另一方：我们必须接受损失，学会放松。

[ 11 ] This is not an easy lesson to learn, especially when we are young and think

that the world is ours to command, that whatever we desire with the full force of our

passionate* being can, nay, will, be ours. But then life moves along to confront* us

with realities, and slowly but surely this second truth dawns upon* us.

[11] 这并不是容易学到手的一课。特别是当我们年轻时，认为世界是由我们掌握的。只要我们自己满腔热情、全力以赴地去渴求，不管什么东西都能够——不，一定会——得到。但是，随着生活继续前进，我们不断地面临各种现实，慢慢地但也是肯定地使我们明白了第二条真理。

[ 12 ] At every stage of life we sustain losses -- and grow in the process. We begin

our independent lives only when we emerge from the womb* and lose its protective

shelter. We enter a progression* of schools, then we leave our mothers and fathers

and our childhood homes. We get married and have children and then have to let

them confront the death of our parents and our spouses*. We face the

gradual or not so gradual waning of our own strength. And ultimately, as the

parable* of the open and closed hand suggests, we must confront the inevitability of

our own demise*, losing ourselves, as it were, all that we were or dreamed to be.

[12] 在生命的每个阶段上，我们都要蒙受损失——但也是在这个过程中得到成长。我们只有在脱离娘胎、失去它的庇护时，才能开始独立生活。我们要进各级学校，继而告别父母，告别童年的家。我们要结婚生育，继而送走子女。我们要经受父母、配偶丧亡的痛苦。我们要面临体力或快或慢的逐渐消退。最终正如松手与握拳的比喻那样：我们自己也得走向不可抗拒的死亡，可以说失去原有的自身，失去我们拥有的或梦想过的一切。

[ 13 ] But why should we be reconciled* to life's contradictory* demands? Why

fashion things of beauty when beauty is evanescent*? Why give our heart in love

when those we love will ultimately be torn from our grasp?

[13] 但是，为什么我们甘愿顺从于这些生活的矛盾需求呢? 既然美转眼就会消逝，那为什么我们还要去创造那些美的东西呢? 既然我们所爱的终归要被夺走，为什么我们还要倾心相爱呢?

[ 14 ] In order to resolve this paradox, we must seek a wider perspective, viewing

our lives as through windows that open on eternity*. Once we do that, we realize

that though our lives are finite, our deeds on earth weave a timeless pattern.

[14] 为了要解决这个矛盾，我们必须寻一个较为广阔的视角，透过通向永恒的窗口来观看我们的生命。做到了这一点，我们会发觉，虽然我们的生命是有限的，但是我们在地球上的行为却在编织着一个没有时间限制的图案。

[ 15 ] Life is never just being. It is a becoming, a relentless* flowing parents

live on through us, and we will live on through our children. The institutions we

build endure, and we will endure through them. The beauty we fashion cannot be

dimmed by death. Our flesh may perish*, our hands will wither*, but that which they

create in beauty and goodness and truth lives on for all time to come.

[15] 生命绝不只是存在。它是变动不止的，无情地流逝不息的。父母的生命在我们身上延续，而我们的生命又将在我们的子女身上延续。我们建立的习俗制度会持续下去，而我们的生命就活在其中。我们创造的美好的东西不会因为我们的死亡而暗淡无光。我们的肉体会消亡，我们的双手也会枯萎，但它们在真善美中所创造的一切将在日后长存!

[ 16 ] Don't spend and waste your lives accumulating objects that will only turn to

dust and ashes. Pursue not so much the material as the ideal, for ideals alone invest

life with meaning and are of enduring worth.

[16] 不要为了积聚那些只会变成尘土、化作灰烬的东西耗尽你的精力、你的生命。与其追求物质不如追求理想，因为只有理想才能使生命有意义，才有长存的价值。

[ 17 ] Add love to a house and you have a home. Add righteousness* to a city and

you have a community. Add truth to a pile of red brick and you have a school. Add

religion to the humblest of edifices* and you have a sanctuary*.Add justice to the

far-flung* round of human endeavor* and you have civilization. Put them all together,

exalt* them above their present imperfections, add to them the vision of humankind

redeemed*, forever free of need and strife* and you have a future lighted with the

radiant* colors of hope.

[17] 一所房屋加上爱心，你就有了一个家；一个城市加上正直守法，你就有了一个社区；在一堆红砖上加上真理，你就有了一所学校；哪怕是最卑微简陋的建筑，只要有宗教，你就有了一所圣殿；把公正加在长期的人生努力奋斗中，你就有了文明教养。把这一切聚合起来，加以提高，使之超越于现存的缺点，还要有人类得到拯救的憧憬，永远无求无争，那么你将会有一个闪耀着希望的绚丽光彩的未来。

Key to the Exercises

Exercise A

Ⅰ. Comprehension

A. 1. B 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. C 6. A 7. A 8. D 9. D 10. B

B. 1. It is to know when to hold fast and when to let go.

2. To hold fast to life, we should enjoy life with abandon.

3. To let go, we should learn to deal with the losses we suffer in our life.

4. To make our life worth living, we should own our life and know how

to treasure it.

Ⅱ. Vocabulary

A. 1. A 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. A 6. A 7. B 8. A 9. B 10. A

B. 11. D 12. D 13. C 14. D 15. B 16. D 17. C 18. C 19. B 20. A

Ⅲ. Cloze

1. D 2. D 3. C 4. C 5. D 6. A 7. C 8. A 9. D 10. B 11. C 12. B 13. A 14. A 15. D

Ⅳ. Translation

A. 我们必须猛回头来寻求人民的智慧，这日子已经不远了。那一天，我们将不得不出世上未受过教育的人，即头脑还没有被学问弄糊涂的人，来更新我们的头脑。为了学习，我们将不得不忘掉许多东西。而这只有在我们获得了那种智慧之后，我们才会知道怎样来利用我们已获得的知识。一盎司智慧抵得上百万吨书本，应该让那些学问欠缺而懂得怎样生活，怎样维持健康，保养精力的人有机会教我们怎样利用更多的、能够利用的知识而不至感到知识缺乏。让我们从未受过教育的人的智慧中寻求公正、美丽、宽容和对自然规律的理解吧。

Notes:

文中Para. [2]：They who have known ... starving ... 这句中：

(1) 该句为“more ... than, less ... than” 句型的一种特殊句法结构，即

在more than 或less than 等词后面的分句中不用主语。

例如：

①

More is meant than meets the ear. ( 话里有话。)

②

She fulfilled her quota, as always, in less time than was allotted.

( 像经常一样，她没到限定的时间就完成了定额。)

③

They make light of keeping people waiting longer than is necessary.

( 他们对不必要地使人久等满不在乎。)

(2) 这里的to live on less 是比喻用法，less 指less learning 而言。

B. 1. The reality we are confronted with is that we enjoy not so much life’s

rewards as life’s process.

2. It slowly dawned on me that the love, the joy as well as the sufferings

were so precious, for they marked the existence of life.

3. Don’t be indifferent to something in life that is too wondrous for

description.

4. He is too preoccupied with personal affairs to live happily.

5. Ideals are of enduring worth, and worthy of pursuance.

6. He sees things in their right perspective.

7. The enemies will never be reconciled to their defeat.

8. Whether 60 or 16, there is in every human being’s heart the lure ofwonder, the

unfailing childlike appetite of what’s next and the joyof the game of living. In

the center of your heart and my heart thereis a wireless station: so long as it

receives messages of beauty, hope,cheer, courage and power from men and from the

Infinite (or God),so long are you young.

Ⅴ. Writing

Suggested passage:

What I Have Learned from the Lesson

The author’s “truths to live by” is something that he has gleaned from his life

experience. Inspired by his deep understanding of the nature of life, I’m determined

to begin my life anew. Life is full of wonder and beauty. We must enjoy ourselves

with abandon and in time. And we should never be too busy for it. See the beauty

before it fades, respond with love before it wanes. Besides, look on those appearing

commonplace as something that does not easily come by and you’ll treasure them all

the more. Life’s gifts are precious. Owning life and understanding how to treasure

it are all there is to a happy and beautiful life.

Just as every coin has two sides, so does life. We sustain more or less

losses all our lives while we enjoy love, beauty and everything splendid. We

must let go of them and don’t let them bother us, for they are after all part

of life, which still signifies the existence of life. The most important thing is

to make best use of life for our benefit for our health and well-being, and

our lofty ideal.

Exercise B

Ⅰ. 1. charcoal 2. chamber 3. Casual 4. broom 5. corrupt 6. Circulation 7. bald 8.

Dam 9. Counsel 10. bearing 11. circus, clowns 12. correspondence

13. currency 14. courteous 15. beggars

Ⅱ. 1. who 2. because, of 3. that 4. with, until 5. who, in 6. What, response7. Though,

through 8. After 9. which, which, against 10. that, for 11. that, when 12. when

13. of, if 14. which, no matter how 15. that, into

Ⅲ. 1. was, bearing 2. to conceive of 3. bids, to pay 4. Counsel 5. to avenge, punish

6. Craned 7. darkened, heard 8. Clamp 9. diverge, come 10. to array 11. diminishing

12. Daring 13. ascertain 14. denouncing, whaling 15. exists, originate, radiated

Exercise C

Ⅰ. 1. B 2. A 3. D 4. C

5. telephone: an instrument that reproduces sound that comes from far

away (tele: far; phon: sound)

telegram: a written message sent far away (tele: far; gram: written)

television: an instrument that produces a picture of something that is far

away (tele: far; vision: ability to see)

6. When he or she wants to take a picture of something far away

7. Interstate commerce is business between different states. Intrastate

commerce is business within one state.

8. Word analysis indicates that “conspirators” means ones who breathe together

(con: together; spir: breathe; ors: ones who). According to the dictionary,

conspirators are people who join in a secret agreement, especially in order to commit

an unlawful act. The meanings of the word parts have become general; “breathing

together” is related to the idea of “planning and working together quietly or in

secret”.

Ⅱ. 1. C 2. A 3. E 4. B 5. D 6. H 7. I 8. F 9. G 10. J

►Supplementary Reading

1. C 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. A 6. B 7. D 8. A 9. A

Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension

1. D 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. B 6. D 7. A 8. C 9. A 10. B 11. A 12. B 13. B 14. A 15. D

16. It is difficult for them to feel happy without money.

17. Happiness does not depend on money.

18. They like themselves.

19. They are positive thinkers.

20. They are easygoing and friendly.

Part Ⅱ Vocabulary

21. D 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. B 26. D 27. B 28. D 29. A 30. C 31. C 32. A 33. B 34.

D 35. B 36. D 37. C 38. D 39. D 40. B

Part Ⅲ Cloze Test

41. C 42. A 43. B 44. C 45. A 46. D 47. B 48. A 49. C 50. B

Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension

51. D 52. C 53. D 54. D 55. A 56. B 57. D 58. C 59. D 60. C

61. B 62. C 63. D 64. C 65. A 66. A 67. A 68. C 69. B 70. B

71. A 72. B 73. B 74. B 75. D 76. B 77. B 78. A 79. A 80. A

Part Ⅴ Translation

Section A

聪明的人懂得整个人生布局中的一切事物各归其位。他懂得金钱和财富是手

段却不是目的。他知道一时的欢愉有别于持久的满足，伟大有别于成名，敬虔有

别于迷信，文学艺术领域乃至整个人生的实力有别于做秀。他知道人生命运躲不

过邪恶，人生必有所失，死亡、疾病和衰老必会临到我们。聪明的人以平和的心

面对这一切。

Section B

A day without hope would be unimaginably pale [dull] . There must be

something to look forward to each day to keep it out of shadows. To a person

cherishing hopes every morning rises a new sun. Deprived of water, soil turns

into desert. Deprived of hope, What is left to a man? A small hope sustains you

for a day, a great one for a lifetime.

Part Ⅵ Writing

略。