分词(短语)用作表语

分词（短语）用作表语小结

关键词：现在分词表示主语的性质和特征，表示“令人…”之意；过去分词表示主语的心理感觉，表示“感到…”之意。

分词有两类：现在分词doing和过去分词done。两类分词都具有形容词属性，均可用作表语,接在连系动词be, get, become, look, sound, feel, keep,

remain, grow, seem等后面。

I) 现在分词作表语主要是表示主语的性质和特征。

The story is moving. 故事很感人。

Your explanation is puzzling. 你的解释使人困惑。

The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 电影院正在放映的电影人激动人心。

The end of the story is very surprising. 故事的结尾使人意外。

What he told us sounds convincing. 他告诉我们的听起来令人信服。

This interrupting is very annoying. 这样的打断让人非常恼火。

That lecture was rather boring. 那讲座相当乏味。

The fish smells inviting. 这鱼肉闻起来很诱人。

The flowers look especially charming after the rain. 雨后这花看起来特别鲜艳迷人。

The present situation is more encouraging than ever before. 当前的形势比以往任何时候都更令人鼓舞。

但下面两个句子不是主系表的句型：

Jack was reading a novel when I saw him last night.

昨晚看到杰克的时候他正在看小说。

Amy was talking to her boyfriend when we visited her last Sunday.

上星期天我们去拜访艾米时她正和她的男朋友说话。

这两个句子中，be动词was是助动词， 其后接的现在分词表进行的动作，不能理解为表语，be+ doing是进行时态。

II) 过去分词作表语，常用来表示主语的心理的感觉。

I’m very satisfied with your answer. 你的回答我很满意。

I was touched by her honesty. 我被她的诚实所感动。

He looked disappointed after he lost the game. 输了比赛，他好像很失望。

She is quite pleased with the design of the dress. 她对礼服的式样相当满意。

We were so bored by his speech, that we couldn’t help yawning. 我们对他的讲话感到太乏味了，不禁打起了哈欠。

Many people are quite interested in some products designed by Steve Jobs. 许多人对史蒂夫·乔布斯设计的一些产品相当感兴趣。

They were very excited about the encouraging news. 他们对这条令人鼓舞的消息深感激动。

过去分词作表语有时还可表示主语所处的状态和所完成的动作。

My job is gone. 我的工作丢了。

They are married. 他们结婚了。

My glasses are broken. 我的眼镜碎了。

The post office is closed. 邮局下班了。

The door remains locked. 门依然锁着。

当过去分词与be连用时，要注意区分是“系表结构”还是“被动语态”。作表语的过去分词表示主语所处的状态，强调主谓关系，它可用quite, very,

rather等词加以修饰；而被动语态中的过去分词表示动作，强调动宾关系，绝大多数被动结构中的行为执行者还可以用by短语来表示。例如：

My glasses are broken. 我的眼镜破了。[系表结构]

My glasses were broken by my brother.

我的眼镜被我弟弟打破了。[被动语态]

This river is polluted. 这条河污染了。[系表结构]

This river was polluted by the chemical factory.

这条河是被那家化工厂给污染的。[被动语态]

III) 现在分词与过去分词在表达人的感觉时是有差别的：现在分词与主语之间存在主谓关系时，它被用来表示“令人…”之意；过去分词与主语之间存在动宾关系时，它可用来表示“感到…”之意。

The film was really moving. 这电影真令人感动。（主语令人感动）

Mary was greatly moved when she saw the film. 玛丽看了电影，受到很大感动。（主语受到感动）

这类词还有很多，请看下表（包括它们的及物动词和名词）：

vt.

amuse使发笑

astonish使惊讶

bore使厌烦

adj.现在分词

amusing

astonishing

boring

adj.过去分词

amused

astonished

bored

n.

amusement

astonishment

boredom

confuse使困惑

convince使信服

delight使高兴

disappoint使失望

confusing

convincing

delighting

disappointing

confused

convinced

delighted

disappointed

discouraged

encouraged

excited

interested

pleased

puzzled

relaxed

satisfied

shocked

surprised

confusion

convincement

delight

disappointment

discouragement

encouragement

excitement

interest

pleasure

puzzlement

relaxation

satisfaction

shock

surprise

discourage使沮丧 discouraging

encourage鼓舞

excite使激动

Interest吸引

please使愉快

puzzle使迷惑

relax使轻松

satisfy使满意

shock使震惊

surprise使惊讶

encouraging

exciting

interesting

pleasing

puzzling

relaxing

satisfying

shocking

surprising

这些分词的词根均为及物动词，如：

The film interested me. 这部电影使我感兴趣。

The news excited us. 消息令我们兴奋。

它们的名词形式通常有 to one’s … 的搭配，意思为“使某人……的是”，如： to one’s surprise 使某人惊讶的是

to one’s disappointment 使某人失望的是