人教版2019 必修第一册---unit 4 Natural Disasters 知识点+练习

Unit 4 Natural Disasters

Period I Listening and Speaking & Reading and Thinking

1. rescue n. 营救；救援

名词短语：

__________ the/one’s rescue 搭救某人；救助某人

动词短语：

_________... 从......中拯救......

答案：come to; from

练习：

1）Finally they __________(rescue) by helicopter.

2）It took the firefighters 5 hours to rescue the boy ________ the well.

3）A wealthy businessman came to _________(they) rescue with a generous donation.

答案：were rescued; from; their

2. damage n. 损坏；损失；损害赔偿金 v. 损害；破坏

______/________ 对......造成伤害

答案：do; cause

练习：

1）The accident caused some damage ________ my car, but it’s nothing serious.

2）Smoking seriously _________ (damage) your health.

3）Several cars _________(damage) in crash which happened last night.

4）His doctor told me that his nerves ___________(damage) and he was unconscious（昏迷的）.

5）Actually, severe damage ___________(do) to our land is fairly recent in the history of our

evolution（进化）.

答案：to; damages; were damaged; were damaged/had been damaged; done

3. destroy vt. 摧毁；毁灭；消灭；破灭

____________ n.[U] 摧毁；毁灭；破坏

____________ adj. 造成破坏的；毁灭性的

destroy one’s ____________/____________/___________ 摧毁某人的信心/希望/信仰

答案：destruction; destructive; confidence; hope; faith

易混词：destroy, damage与ruin

destroy v. 指以具有某种摧毁或杀伤性的力量把某物彻底毁坏，以至于不能或难以修复。

damage 可用作动词或名词，指一定程度的损坏或损失，部分是可以修复的。作名词表示抽象的“损害；破坏”时，为不可数名词。

ruin 可以作动词也可以作名词，指彻底的毁坏，破坏的原因通常是自然现象、年龄、疏忽等，多用于比喻用法中；它有时还泛指一般意义上的“毁坏”。

作名词时常构成短语：fall into ruin/lie in ruins “严重破损；破损不堪”

练习：

1）The whole village ___________(destroy) in the sudden flood, leaving nothing to the native

people.

2）Thousands of houses ___________(damage) by the storm, and the repair work would last half

a month.

3）My new white dress was totally _________(ruin) by the dirty water.

4）A huge amount of environmental damage has been brought about by the _________(destroy)

of the rain forests.

答案：was destroyed; were damaged; ruined

4. affect v. 影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动；使感动；使悲伤（或怜悯）；使（某人）深有感触

____________ n. 喜爱；钟爱

_____________ n. 影响

名词短语：

have an affection ______ 喜爱......

have an effect ______ 对......产生影响

答案：affection; effect; for; on

练习：

1）Alcohol has a very bad __________ on drivers.

2）Their objection will not _________ my decision.

3）Cancer _________ his lungs and brought his life to an end.

答案：effect; affect; affected

5. shelter n. 避难处；居所；庇护 vt.保护；掩蔽 vi.躲避(风雨或危险)

_____________ adj. 备受呵护的；免遭恶劣天气影响的

名词短语：

________ shelter ________ 躲避……

_______/_________ shelter _______ 寻地方躲避……

________ sb. shelter 庇护某人

_________ the shelter of sth. 在......的庇护/遮蔽/掩蔽下

动词短语：

shelter sb./sth. ________ ... 保护某人/某物以避免……

shelter __________ sth. 躲避某物

答案：sheltered; under; of; look for/seek from; give; from; from

练习：

1）Some parents are just too protective. They want to shelter their kids ________ every kind of

danger.

2）She used an umbrella to take shelter ________ the burning sun.

3）We sat in the shade, _________(shelter) from the sun.

4）My mother, who had a __________(shelter) upbringing（抚育）, has fantastic memories of

childhood.

5）He managed to build a little hut out of driftwood to shelter him ________ bad weather.

答案：from; from; sheltering; sheltered; from

6. ruin n.[C] 废墟（pl. ruins） [U] 破坏；毁坏；破产

v. 毁掉；使破产

名词短语：

_____/______ ______ ruins 严重受损；破败不堪

动词短语：

ruin one's hope 使某人的希望破灭

ruin one's health 损害某人的健康

ruin oneself 自我毁灭

答案：lie/be; in

练习：

1）Yesterday a heavy rain ___________(ruin) our picnic.

2）When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighbourhood in ________.

3）At that time my wife ________(ruin) her health through worry.

答案：ruined; ruins; was ruining

7. in shock 吃惊

shock vt. （使）震惊；（使）气愤；愤慨 n.[U] 休克；震惊 [C] 令人震惊的事；点击

____________ adj. 吃惊的；震惊的

____________ adj. 令人气愤的；令人震惊的

形容词短语：

be shocked _____/______ 对……吃惊

be shocked that 对……感到震惊

be shocked _________ sth. 做某事很吃惊

答案：shocked; shocking; at; by; to do

练习：用shock的适当形式填空

1）They ___________ by her rudeness at yesterday’s party.

2）The _______ news ___________ every one of us at that moment.

3）All the people present felt ___________ at the _________ accident.

答案：were shocked; shocking; shocked; shocked; shocking

8. the number of ……的数目

a number of

很多；许多

在number之前可加large, small, great, good等表示程度的词；只修饰可数名词，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式

修饰可数名词，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式

the number of

练习：

……的数目

1）对比填空(a number of, the number of)

① _________________________ students were absent from the meeting.

② As a consequence, __________________ polar bears is becoming smaller and smaller.

2）用所给动词的适当形式填空

③ The number of undergraduates_______________ (increase) over the years.

④ A good number of books in the market ______ (be) still examination-oriented.

答案：A number of; the number of; has increased; are

9. trap vt.（trapped; trapped）使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n. 圈套；困境；（捕捉动物的）夹子，罗网，陷阱

be/get trapped ______/_______ 困在……中；陷在……中

trap sb. _______ (doing) sth.

_______ a trap for

诱使某人做某事

给……设圈套

_______ _______ a trap 落入圈套/陷阱

答案：in; on; into; set; fall into

练习：

1）Because of the greenhouse effect the earth is warmed by gases______(trap) in the atmosphere.

2）These incidents led some scientists to develop ways to keep the costly robots from

__________(trap) in the sand.

答案：trapped; being trapped

9. bury vt. 埋葬；安葬；掩埋；隐藏

___________ n. 埋葬；葬礼

bury ... ______/_______ ... 把……埋藏在……

be buried _____ 埋头于；专心于

bury oneself _____ 埋头于；专心致志于；隐居在

bury one's face/head in hands _________________

答案：burial; in; at; in; in; 双手抱头；掩面

练习：

1）He __________(bury) himself in the country to write a book last year.

2）Our dog often _________(bury) its bones in the garden.

3）Once the house __________(bury) under ten feet of snow.

4）He walked slowly, his hands ________(bury) in his pockets.

5）Her head was buried _______ the book while she was reading.

6）In the evenings he buried __________(he) in his books.

答案：buried；buries；was buried; buried; in; himself

10. breathe vi. & vt. 呼吸

____________ n. 呼吸；气息

____________ adj. 气喘吁吁的

____________ adv. 气喘吁吁地

____________ adj. 令人惊叹的；惊人的

动词短语：

breathe _____/______ 吸气/呼气

名词短语：

_______ one’s breath 恢复正常呼吸

_______ one’s breath 屏住呼吸

be _____ _____ breath 喘不过气来

take one’s breath away _______________

a breath of air/wind _______________

答案：breath; breathless; breathlessly; breathtaking; in; out; catch; hold; out of; 令某人惊叹；一丝微风

练习：

1）There isn’t a ____________(breathe) of wind today.

2）It is good _____________(breathe) in fresh air instead of city smoke.

3）He was __________ (breathe) heavily after chasing the bus.

4）Heavy smoking makes him ___________(breath).

5）The new manager has ___________(breathe) fresh life into the company.

6）He has great difficulty in catching _________(he) breath.

7）She was out of __________(breathe) from climbing the stairs.

8）The doctor told me to breathe _________ and then breathe out slowly.

答案：breath; to breathe; breathing; breathless; breathed; his; breath; in

11. effort n. 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力

make efforts 努力；尽力

make efforts/an effort to do sth. （尽一切）努力做某事

12. suffer vt. 遭受；蒙受 vi.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦；遭受；变差

______________ n.[C] 受难者；患者

______________ n.[C,U] （身体/精神上的）痛苦（作可数名词时常用复数）

经受痛苦：___________________ 遭受失败：_________________

蒙受巨大损失：________________________

心脏病发作：__________________________

suffer ______ 遭受；患......病；因......而痛苦

答案：sufferer; suffering; suffer pain; suffer a defeat; suffer huge losses; suffer a heart attack;

from

练习：

1）The war has caused terrible ___________ to the local people.

2）She received many letters of support from fellow ___________.

3）Shortly after _________ from a massive earthquake and being reduced to ruins, the city took

on a new look.

4）You have no feeling for the __________ of others.

5）He _________ head injuries in a road accident.

答案：suffering; sufferers; suffering; sufferings; suffered

长难句

1. It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!

as if的用法

意为“仿佛；好像”，与as though同义，可以引导表语从句，也可以引导方式状语从句。

1）as if/as though引导表语从句，主语中的系动词常用look, appear, seem, sound等。

It sounds as if/as though you had a good time.

2）as if/as though引导方式状语从句

I remembered the whole thing as if/ as though it happened yesterday.

3）as if还可引导状语从句。当说话人认为从句所陈述的是不真实的或不可能发生(存在)的情况时，从句谓语常用虚拟语气，结构如下：

与现在事实相反

与过去事实相反

与将来事实相反

从句谓语动词用过去时(be动词用were)

从句谓语动词用过去完成时(had done)

从句谓语动词用would/could/might do

1）They completely ignore these facts as if they never existed.

他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它们不存在似的。

2）It was John who broke the are you talking to me as if I had done it?

打破窗户的是约翰。为什么你说得好像是我打破的似的？

3）He opened his mouth as if he would say something.

他张开嘴好像要说些什么。

练习：

①He treats me as if I _________ (be) his own daughter.

②They talked as if/though they ______________ (be) friends for years.

③It seems as if _____________________________________________噪声似乎是从楼下传来的。

.

答案：were; had been; the noise came from upstairs.

2. Most bridges had fallen or were not safe to cross.

“主语+系动词+表语+to do”结构

在此结构中，表语一般为性质形容词，常见的性质形容词有easy, hard, difficult, safe,

interesting, heavy, light, pleasant, good, nice, comfortable, dangerous, impossible等。此句型可转换成“It + be+ adj. + 动词不定式”的结构。

注意：

1）在该结构中，当动词不定式或句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式多用主动形式表示被动意义。

He is not easy to get along with.=It is not easy to get along with him.

The book is very interesting to read.=It is very interesting to read the book.

2）当不定式中的动词为不及物动词时，要在其后加上适当的介词。

The chair looks rather hard, but in fact, it is very comfortable to sit on.

=The chair looks rather hard, but in fact, it is very comfortable to sit on the chair.

练习：

1）This machine is very easy ___________(operate). Anyone can learn to use it in a few minutes.

2）The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more

comfortable ___________(hold).

3）I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good ___________(breather).

4）The noise outside is hard to put up ____________.

5）___________ is unfit to drink the water in this well.

答案：to operate; to hold; to breathe; with; It

3. Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soliders to Tangshan to dig out those who

were trapped and to bury the dead.

常接动词不定式作宾补的动词

advise，allow，ask，command（命令），encourage，invite，persuade（说服），prefer，tell

练习：

1）First of all, please allow me _____________(introduce) myself to you.

2）Tom’s brother who is now a doctor always encourages him ___________(study) hard and go

to college.

3）The Chairman thought it necessary to invite at the meeting.

答案：to introduce; to study; to speak

Period II Discovering Useful Structure & Listening and Talking

1. supply n. [C] 供应（量）；储备；（复数）补给品，必需品 [U] 供应；供给

v. 提供；供应

______________ n. 供应商

in ______ supply 供应短缺

supply sb ______ sth. 给某人提供某物 supply sth ______ sb 提供某物给某人

be ________/________ supplied with sth. 某物供应充足/不足

答案：supplier; short; with; to; well; poorly

练习：

1）A pipeline has been built ___________(supply) some eastern provinces with natural gas from

the west of China.

2）Water is _________ short supply, pollution is worsening, and there is no affordable housing

left for them to buy.

3）The brain requires constant ___________(supply) of oxygen.

4）The lounge was well supplied ___________ ashtrays.

答案：to supply; in; supply; with

2. survive vt. 幸存；幸免于难；艰难度过；比......活（或存在）的时间长

vi. 生存；存活；继续存在

___________ n. 幸存者；生还者

___________ n. [U] 幸存 [C] 残余物；幸存物

survive _______ 依靠......生存下来

答案：survivor; survival; on

练习：

1）As far as I know, he survived _______ a small bottle of water in the desert.

2）In the traffic accident, the __________(survive) were all badly injured.

3）If cancers are spotted early, there’s a high chance of ____________(survive).

4）Her parents died in the accident, but she __________(survive).

5）Not everyone has realized that wildlife has thoughts, feelings, and most importantly, equal

rights _________(survive).

答案：on; survivors; survival; survived; to survive

3. calm adj. 镇静的；沉着的；（海洋、湖泊等）风平浪静的；（天气）无风的

v. （使）镇静；（使）平静

__________ adv. 镇定地；沉着地

__________ n. 平静；镇定

形容词短语：

________/_________/_________保持冷静

动词短语：

calm (sb) _________ （使某人）安静下来；（使某人）平静下来

答案：calmly; calmness; keep; remain; stay; down

练习：

1）All things there gave him s feeling of security and __________(calm).

2）Everyone must think this situation through _________(calm) and coolly.

3）Some people say soft music __________(calm) our nerves（神经）.

4）He was very excited, and it was long before he _________(calm) down.

5）Never have a drink or take drugs to calm yourself __________.

答案：calmness; calmly; calms; calmed; down

易混辨析：calm，quite，still与silent

易混词

calm

用法

指湖泊、海洋等处于一种风平浪静的状态；指人镇静或不慌张；还可以指地点、时期、情况等是平静的或稳定的。

quiet 指物时，表示没有喧闹或没有骚动，处于一种静止的状态或宁静的环境；

指人时，表示不发出声音或不发表意见，也可指人的性格温和、文静、不易激动等。

still

silent

练习：

1）You’d better keep _________ about this and don’t tell anyone else.

2）He lives a ________ life in the country.

3）Please sit ________ when I take your photo.

4）After the storm the sea was ___________.

答案：silent/quiet; quiet; still; calm

4. aid n. 援助；帮助；救援物资；援助款项 v. 帮助；援助

名词短语：

主要指完全无动作，通常用于表示物理上的静止，不表示心理上的平静。

着重指沉默无语或没有声音，但不一定指没有动作或活动。

give ______ aid 进行急救

_______ the aid of 在......的帮助下

______/_______ to sb’s aid=_______/_______ to the aid of sb. 帮助某人

_____ aid of sb./sth. 为了帮助某人/某事

动词短语：

aid sb ____(doing) sth. 帮助某人（做）某事

aid sb to do sth. 帮助某人做某事

aid sb _______ sth. 在某方面帮助某人

答案：first; with; come; go; come; go; in; in; with

练习：

1）A large crowd came _______ the aid of the injured.

2）A dictionary can aid us _________learning a new language.

3）_________ the aid of the local guide, we finally made it out of the jungle.

4）The neighbours are planning a concert _______ aid of the church repairs.

答案：to; in; With; in

Period III Reading for Writing

1. sweep （swept，swept）v. 打扫；清扫；吹走；冲走；横扫；掠过；风行

___________ n.清洁工；清扫机器

sweep ______ 打扫；清扫

sweep _______ 消灭；摧毁；彻底消除

sweep ______/________/_________ 扫视；掠过

sweep _______ 扫过；掠过；风行

答案：sweeper; up; away; over; across; around; through

2. strike vi. & vt.（struck，struck/stricken）

____________ n. 前锋

1）突然发生（某种不幸）；（灾难、疾病等）侵袭

常用搭配：

be struck ______ 被......侵袭

2）碰撞；撞击

3）攻击；突然袭击

strike ______ 朝......打去 strike ______ 回击；反击

4）（使）突然想起；（使）突然想到

_____________________________________=It occurs to 使某人突然想起

5）（摩擦）打（火花）；划；击出（火星）、

6）（时钟）敲，鸣，响

7）v.&n. 罢工

be ______ strike 在罢工 go _____ strike 举行罢工

答案：striker; by; at; back; It strikes sb that; on; on

练习：

1）The tower of the church __________(strike) by lighting last night.

2）The electricity workers have been ________ strike for several weeks.

3）He fell, his head _________(strike) on the table.

答案：was struck; on; striking

3. deliver vt. & vi.递送；传达 vt.发表

___________ n. 传递；传送

deliver sth._____ ... 把某物投递/传送/运送到……

deliver sb._____ ... 把某人从……中解救出来

deliver a _________/_________ 发表演讲

答案：delivery; to; from; speech; address

4. effect n. 影响；结果；效果；效应；作用

___________ v. 影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动

___________ adj. 有效的；实际的

____________ adj. 无效的

____________ adv. 有效地；实际地

常用搭配：

have an/no/much/little effect _______... 对......有/没有/有很大/几乎没有影响

_______ and effect 因果（关系）

side effect(s) ________________

_________ effect 开始起作用；见效

take effect/come into effect 生效

答案：affect; effective; ineffective; effectively; on; cause; 副作用; take

练习：

1）What the teacher says and does always has a great effect ________ his students.

2）The law will come ________ effect at the start of October.

3）This trend has had some unintended side __________(effect) such as overweight and heart

disease.

4）They have reduced pollution through __________(effect) measures.

5）I can’t balance work and home duties _________(effect).

答案：on; into; effects; effective; effectively

长难句

1. Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes, and cars were swept away by huge waves caused by

the strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9.0.

过去分词（短语）作定语

1）前置定语

单个的过去分词，往往是及物动词的过去分词作定语，通常放在被修饰词之前，表示被动和完成意义；不及物动词的过去分词一般作前置定语，不表被动，指表完成。

表示被动意义：

an honoured guest 一位受尊敬的客人 the injured workers 受伤的工人

表示完成意义：

a retired teacher 一位退休教师

2）后置定语

过去分词（短语）作后置定语时，通常放在被修饰的名词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。

This will be the best novel of its kind ever written(=that has ever been written.)

Who were the so-called guests invited(=who had been invited) to your party last night?

练习：

1）The bell __________(indicate) the end of the period rang, ___________(interrupt) our heated

discussion.

2）There was a sudden burst of light ___________(follow) by a terrible noise.

答案：indicating; interrupting; followed

2. Indian officials said as many as 1900 had been killed along the southern coast.

结构：as...as... 原级比较

基本用法：as+adj./adv.+as 和......一样

否定形式：not as/so+adj./adv.+as 表示前者不如后者

加名词时：as +adj.+(a/an) n.+as The mobile phone is as useful a tool as the computer.

3. when的用法

正在做......这时......

be on the point of doing sth. 正准备做某事，这时......

be about to do when ...正准备做某事，这时......

had (just) 刚做完某事，这时......