CohesionandCoherence的区别

CohesionandCoherence的区别Cohesion and CoherenceCohesion can be thought of as all the grammatical and lexical links that link one part of a text to another. This includes use ofsynonyms, lexical sets, pronouns, verb tenses, time references, grammatical reference, etc. For example, 'it', 'neither' and'this' all refer to an idea previously mentioned. 'First of all', 'then' and 'after that' help to sequence a text. 'However', 'inaddition' and 'for instance' link ideas and arguments in a nce can be thought of as how meanings and sequences of ideas relate to each other. Typical examples would begeneral> particular; statement> example; problem> solution; question> answer; claim> does cohesion mean?You might think of cohesion as a means of establishing connections within a text at all sorts of different levels, e.g., section,paragraphs, sentences and even is cohesion different from coherence? It is difficult to separate the two. However, think of coherence as the text makingsense as a whole at an ideas level,and cohesion as rather more mechanical links at a language can imagine that itis possible for a piece of writing to contain plenty of cohesion yet little on is the glue that holds a piece of writing together. In other words, if a paper is cohesive, it sticks together fromsentence to sentence and from paragraph to paragraph. Cohesive devices certainly include transitional words and phrases,such as therefore, furthermore, or for instance, that clarify for readers the relationships among ideas in a piece of r, transitions aren't enough to make writing cohesive. Repetition of key words and use of reference words are alsoneeded for on DevicesLexical level:RepetitionWord family repeatedSynonyms, antonyms, other word relationsThematically related words (lexical set)Substations with one/onesGrammatical level:Reference: article, pronouns, normalizationSubstitution of clause elements using so, not, do/does/did, etcEllipsis of clause elementsLinking words: conjunctions and conjunctsComparativesVerb tenseRhetorical techniquesQuestion and answerParallelismCoherenceWhen sentences, ideas, and details fit together clearly, readers can follow along easily, and the writing is coherent. Theideas tie together smoothly and clearly. To establish the links that readers need, you can use the methods listed tion of a Key Term or Phrase

This helps to focus your ideas and to keep your reader on e: The problem with contemporary art is that it is not easily understood by most people. Contemporary art isdeliberately abstract, and that means it leaves the viewer wondering what she is looking msSynonyms are words that have essentially the same meaning, and they provide some variety in your word choices, helpingthe reader to stay focused on the idea being e: Myths narrate sacred histories and explain sacred origins. These traditional narratives are, in short, a set of beliefsthat are a very real force in the lives of the people who tell nsThis, that, these, those, he, she, it, they, and we are useful pronouns for referring back to something previously mentioned. Besure, however, that what you are referring to is e: When scientific experiments do not work out as expected, they are often considered failures until some otherscientist tries them again. Those that work out better the second time around are the ones that promise the most tional WordsThere are many words in English that cue our readers to relationships between sentences, joining sentences such as “however”, “therefore”, “in addition”, “also”, “but”, “moreover”, e: I like autumn, and yet autumn is a sad time of the year, too. The leaves turn bright shades of red and the weather ismild, but I can't help thinking ahead to the winter and the ice storms that will surely blow through addition, that will be the season of chapped faces, too many layers of clothes to put on, and days when I'll have to shovelheaps of snow from my car's ce PatternsSometimes, repeated or parallel sentence patterns can help the reader follow along and keep ideas tied e: (from a speech by President John F. Kennedy) And so, my fellow Americans: ask not what your country can do foryou--ask what you can do for your country.