翻译学习-平行结构

中式英语之鉴--平行结构（parallel structure）

1. 定义：词或句含义相似或相反；结构相同。

2. 作用：表明词与词或句与句间的关系，简洁有力。

3. 举例子：如 对比：To be or not to be: that is

To be or to ceasing living: that is

可见：平行结构的比非平行结构更加简洁、有力、富有节奏感。

4. 特点：

a. 词汇方面：使用词性一致的词汇：如healthy/wealthy/wise

b. 短语方面：使用结构一致的短语，或者带有某个固定词汇重复的短语：如of the

people/by the people/for the people

c. 从句方面：使用结构相似的从句，如where there is a will there is a way, 具有相同的结构，there is an x/ there is a y。

d. 句子方面：相邻的句子结构相同，意思或相近或相反。

5. 分类：

a. 由并列连词(coordinating conjunctions)连接：如and, but, or。

例如：Timber is needed for construction

1and to withstand floods2.

分析：1部分是介词+名词的结构；2部分是不定式结构+名词的结构；由于两个词由and 衔接，可使用平行结构，让表达更加地道。可以改为：Timber is needed

to provide materials for construction

1and to withstand floods2. 这样1与2两个部分都是不定式结构。

b. 由关联连词（correlative conjunctions) 连接：如 and, ,

, but also, but.

例如：These are vital issues for the next century: both for people’s quality of life1 and

for saving the environment2.

分析：1是介词+名词，2是介词+动名词；此时，1与2 由关联连词and，可用平行结构，将二者的词性调整一致，可改为：These are vital issues for the next

century: affecting both the quality of people’s life1 and the preservation of the

environment2.

b. 同一个话题下的多个分话题，多个话题一般由first, second, third 连接（Items in

a list or a series of headings）：

例如：Socialism has two major requirements. First, its economy must be dominated

by public ownership1, and second, there must be no polarization2.

分析：句中的1 和2两个句子都有结构must be，而构成平行结构。

d. 由意思相反的内容构成（Elements linked in comparison）, 内容意义相反，常由like, unlike, as much as, the same as, different from, greater than, less desirable

than 等构成。

例如：She did not like revising1 as much as translating2.

1与2 由as much as 连接，且都是动名词结构，形成平行结构。

表达积累：

1. a pileup of : 一堆

2. casualty 替换 fatigue, deaths and wounded

3. 词汇部分注意抽象与具体的一致性

4. talent 被替换为 highly trained people, 因为英文中不常用talent people

5. the same regulations 被替换为 a uniform set of regulations

6. 中式英语经典错误：lead sb to do sth, 因为lead 具有引导，说服的含义，不能用于lead sb to do sth, 比如：lead people to win a victory.

7. everyone inevitably has limits in his recognition 可被替换为 Our knowledge is

necessarily limited.

8. ending the past 替换为 put the past beside us. 后者是一个习惯性表达。

9. historical accounts of past events 替换为 historical records.