研究生学术英语 Building Your Vocabulary

研究生学术英语 Building Your Vocabulary

Unit 1 Task 1

Solitary: adj. 独自的，独立的；单个的；唯一的；隐居的

n. 独居者，隐士；单独禁闭

Scaffold: 脚手架；框架 Inscribe: vt. 雕，刻；题写，题献

Contour: n. 外形，轮廓；（地图上表示相同海拔各点的）等高线；概要；电路

Purport: vt. 声称；意图；意味着；打算 n. 意义，要旨；目的，意图

Wipe away: 擦掉，清除；抹掉 Contextual: adj. 上下文的；与语境有关的

Axiomatic: adj. <正>公理的；不证自明的；原则的；格言的

1. Nowadays, there are hundreds of insurance policise that purport to provide

cyber insurance coverage. 如今，有数百家保险公司声称提供网络保险。

2. Even modest price competition can easily wipe away a third or more of

operating income if grocers use lower prices to win customers.

如果杂货商用较低的价格赢得顾客，即使是适度的价格竞争也很容易抹去三分之一或更多的营业收入。

3. Oracle Mobile Cloud aims to provide a more contextual user experience,

which enable s chatbots to switch seamlessly between unstructured conversation

and personalised, structured data exchange.

Oracle Mobile Cloud旨在提供上下文更相关的用户体验，使聊天机器人能够在非结构化对话和个性化结构化数据交换之间无缝切换。

4. In a beautiful mid-19th century paiting by Rosa Bonheur, it's possible to see

asymmetrical "mountains" in the contour of her sheep's hindquarters.

在19世纪中期Rosa Bonheur的一幅美丽的画作中，我们可以在她的羊的后躯轮廓中看到不对称的“山”。

5. He looked pleased: a(n) solitary man, by the look of him, one who cherished

his privacy. 他看上去很高兴：从他的样子来看，他是一个孤僻的人，一个珍惜自己隐私的人。

6. Each step you take provides scaffolding which will enable you to build the

essay a little further.

你所采取的每一步都提供了框架，使你能够进一步构建文章。

7. It is axiomatic that all the cites that are infected should be treated if there is to

be any hope of cure.

如果有治愈的希望，所有被感染的城市都应该得到，这是不言自明的。

8. The memoirs of these survivors are rarely inscribed in the chroniclers'

sentimental journeys.

这些幸存者的回忆录很少被记录在编年史作者的感伤旅程中。

Unit 3 Task 1

Contraption: n. 奇妙的装置；新发明；精巧的设计

Ingenious: adj. 灵巧的；精巧的；设计独特的；有天才的，聪明的

Tacit: adj. 缄默的；心照不宣的；<律>由法律的效力而产生的

Conjecture: n. 推测，猜想；揣度；计划 vt.& vi. 推测，猜想；估量；设想

Mundane: adj. 平凡的；宇宙的；寻常的；世俗的

Humdrum: adj. 乏味的，平凡的 Veracity: n. 诚实，真实

Admonish: vt. 劝告；训诫；（温和地）责备；轻责

Delicacy: n. 精美，娇嫩，雅致；微妙；棘手；周到；佳肴

Supremacy: n. 至高无上；最高权力；最高地位；霸权

Practitioner: n. 从业者；执业医生；习艺者；专门人才

Triobute: （向某人表示敬慕的）致敬（行为）

Proponent: n. 支持者，拥护者；提倡者

Curvature: n. 弯曲；弯曲部分；曲率；曲度

Postulate: vt. 假定；假设；提出要求；n. 假定；先决条件；基本原理

Verify: vt. 核实；证明；判定

Proliferate: vi. 增生，增殖；激增；扩散 vt. 使激增；使扩散

Manipulation: n.（熟练的）操作；操纵；控制；（对账目等的）伪造

Confound: vt. 使混淆，使混乱；挫败 Confounding:（令人）困惑的，惊惶的

Ultimate: adj. 最后的；极限的；首要的；最大的 n. 终极；顶点；基本原理

1. Nor can I conjecture how far I strayed north or south from my course.

我也猜不出我向北或向南偏离了航线多远。

2. The renowned thoretical physicist has for years been a(n) proponent of

real-life, NASA-led interstellar travel.

这位著名的理论物理学家多年来一直是NASA领导的星际旅行的支持者。

3. My children's teeth never had to have all this contraption on them.

我的孩子们的牙齿从来都不需要戴上这些奇怪的装置。

4. I would address you frankly and admonish you to go no more into such

places. 我会坦率地告诉你，并告诫你不要再去这种地方

5. Even people who posulate a creative God usually acknowledge that his

existence shifts the big question rather than resolving it. 甚至那些假定上帝有

创造力的人通常也承认，上帝的存在改变了大问题，而不是解决了它。

6. This video of one of his last, and most impressive, stunts was released as a(n)

tribute to his memory.

这段他最后一次也是最令人印象深刻的特技视频是为了纪念他而发布的。

7. We came up with a(n) _ingenious plan that would light a fire in the belly of the

digital revolution. 我们想出了一个巧妙的计划，它点燃了数字革命的火焰。

8. He often receives inquiries from sellers eager to verify that their items are

authentic. 他经常收到卖家的询问，他们急于核实自己的物品是否真实。

9. Quality can be found in the most mundane works of man-even within the

rusting gears of a motorcycle engine.

质量可以在人类最平凡的工作中到，甚至在摩托车发动机生锈的齿轮中。

10. There were three main groups competing for supremacy among them.

其中有三个主要体在争夺霸主地位。

11. Despite the increase in recognition of autism spectrum disorders in Western

countries, the real cause of the disease continues to confound and confuse

scientists. 尽管西方国家对自闭症谱系障碍的认识有所增加，但该疾病的真正原因仍然让科学家困惑不解。

12. Accordingly, it tends to face less criticism on the basis of veracity and more

on its moral implications.

因此，它往往面临较少的基于真实性的批评，而更多的是其道德含义。

13. But to recognise that the soul of a man is unknowable is the ultimate

achievement of wisdom.

但认识到一个人的灵魂是不可知的，这才是智慧的最终成就。

14. I anticipate no difficulty, though it requires some thought in manipulation .

我预计不会有什么困难，尽管这需要在操作上进行一些思考。

15. Do you seriously think of becoming a(n) practitioner of medicine?

你真的想成为一名医生吗?

Unit 4 Task 1

Underlying: adj. 潜在的，含蓄的；基础的；根本的；下层的；[法]优先的

v. 优先于(underlie的ing形式)；构成…的基础（或起因）

Compelling: adj. 令人信服的；引人入胜的；非常强烈的

v. 强迫，迫使（ compel的现在分词）

Diversity: n. 多样性，多元性；差异，不同 Fallible: adj. 容易犯错的

Multidimensional: adj. 多面的，多维的 Indivisibility: n. 不可分割，除不尽

Elicit: v. 引出；探出 Give rise to: 引起， 导致；造成

1. The book engagingly relates mathematics to compelling real-life problems in

biology and contemporary society and shows how mthematical tools can be used

to gain insight into these modern, common problems to provide effective, real

solutions. 这本书引人入胜地将数学与生物学和当代社会中令人信服的现实问题联系起来，并展示了如何使用数学工具来洞察这些现代常见问题，从而提供有效、真实的解决方案。

2. By analysing the most elegant and intricate pattern known to mathematics, Lisi

has uncovered a(n) underlying relationship among all the universe's particles

and forces, including gravity. 通过分析数学中最优雅和最复杂的模式，Lisi揭示了宇宙所有粒子和力（包括引力）之间的潜在关系。

3. In all demonstrative sciences the rules are certain and infallible; but when we

apply them, our fallible and uncertain faculties are very apt to depart from

them, and fall into error.

在所有的演示科学中，规则都是确定的、无误的；但当我们运用它们时，我们易犯错误和不确定的能力很容易偏离它们，陷入错误。

4. As part of a study into the mathematical understanding of engineering students, a

questionnaire has been developed which seeks to elicit from students their

concept images attached to key mathematical concepts.

作为对工科学生数学理解研究的一部分，已编制了一份问卷，旨在从学生中引出他们与关键数学概念相关的概念形象。

5. In mathematical system theory, a(n) multidimensional system or m-D system

is a system in which not only one dependent variable exists (like time), but there

are several independent variables. 在数学系统理论中，多维系统或m-D系统是一个系统，其中不仅存在一个因变量（如时间），而且存在几个自变量。

6. The movie Hidden Figures tells the story of Katherine Johnson, Dorothy Vaughan

and Mary Jackson. These black women represented dozens, if not hundreds, of

black female "computers" whose largely unrecognised intellectual contributions

after World War II give rise to the US space programme.

电影《隐藏的数字》讲述了凯瑟琳·约翰逊、多萝西·沃恩和玛丽·杰克逊的故事。这些黑人女性代表了数十（如果不是数百）名黑人女性“电脑”，他们在二战后对美国太空计划的智力贡献基本上无人承认。

7. Business leaders are understanding the importance of a cohesive,collaborative

and creative working environment and luckily, are acknowledging that this can be

done most effectively with a(n) diverse workforce.

商业领袖们正在理解凝聚力、协作性和创造性工作环境的重要性，幸运的是，他们认识到，这可以通过多样化的员工队伍最有效地实现。

8. The concept of the interdependence and indivisibility of human rights, as

originally conceived, refutes any suggestion of a hierarchy of rights. 最初设想的人权相互依存和不可分割的概念驳斥了任何关于权利等级的建议。

Unit 5 Task 1

Emergent: adj. 紧急的；浮现的；突然出现的；自然发生的

Monopolise: vt. 垄断； 独占；专卖；专营；占用

Simulate: vt. 假装，冒充；模仿；模拟；[生]拟态

Burgeoning: adj. 迅速成长的，迅速发展的v. 发芽，抽枝( burgeon的现在分词 )；迅速发展；发（芽），抽（枝）

Infinitesimally: adv. 无限小地

Underlie: vt. 位于或存在于（某物）之下；构成…的基础（或起因）；[经]构成优先于…的财政要求

Haunt: vt. 时常萦绕心头，使困窘；常去；以鬼魂形式出现；时常出现在

vi. 尤指鬼魂重回或常去

n. 〈方〉鬼或其它超自然物体；常去的地方

1. Although in both emotions sympathetic symptoms are present, different

autonomic-somatic patterns undelie aggression and anxiety, respectively.

尽管在两种情绪中都存在交感神经症状，但不同的自主躯体模式分别会导致攻击和焦虑。

2. In addition, the results will closely simulate the process that occurs during

real trading, in which traders frequently re-optimise their systems to bring them

up-to-date with fundamental or technical changes in the trading market.

此外，结果将密切模拟真实交易过程中发生的过程，交易者经常重新优化其系统，以使其了解交易市场的基本或技术变化。

3. Unresolved issues often come back later to haunt us. Many of these

challenges can be the result of early childhood experiences. 未解决的问题往往会在以后再次困扰我们。其中许多挑战可能是童年早期经历的结果。

4. It's very unlikely that the burgeoning field of nano-biotechnology will be

reserved solely for medical uses.

蓬勃发展的纳米生物技术领域不太可能只用于医疗用途。

5. In the absence of existing human "herd" immunity to this virus, only

immunisation provides a significant hope of suppressing the long-term impact of

this newly emergent virus. 在人类对这种病毒缺乏“体”免疫的情况下，只有免疫才有可能抑制这种新出现的病毒的长期影响。

6. Thus, virtually all her time and energy is monopolize by the children.

因此，她几乎所有的时间和精力都被孩子们占据了。

7. The action of municipal, county, or state school boards or boards of education is

small, infinitesimally small in comparison with the number of districts.

市、县或州的学校董事会或教育委员会的行动是很小的，与区的数量相比是微乎其微的。