英语虚拟语气的用法

英语虚拟语气的用法（完整版）

最近很多人问我英语虚拟语气的用法 一开始还回答得挺流利 后来 给了我好多练习题让我分析 我的天哪 发现自己越分析越混乱了 大脑短路......自己也开始搞了~~~这样明显要误人子弟的哇~我赶紧把虚拟语气的用法从头到尾又看了一遍~今天还帮一个人分析了十几道题 丫丫的 花了我两个多小时......累啊~~~想到自己那时候做家教时 两个小时貌似也只能分析分析考卷 O(∩_∩)O~

OK 废话少说 接下来为大家提供英语虚拟语气的完整版用法 为什么说完整版呢 因为其中还包括了if引导的条件状语从句、wish虚拟语气等用法 也算是吐血贡献出来啦~想当初本人也是上网从各个地方搜集来滴~还好没删掉

O(∩_∩)O~希望对有需要的朋友们有所帮助哦~

=======================我是无聊滴分割线 下面进入脑弦紧绷状态啦====================

虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法项目是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气.判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。通常有三种情况：①与过去事实相反。②与现在事实相反。③与将来事实可能相反。

I: 最基本的虚拟语气句型:

1. 虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设，其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过去式(be

一般用were)，主句用would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形。If places were alike, there

would be little need for geographers.如果各个地方都一样，就不需要地理学家了。

2. 虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设，if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时即had＋过去分词，主句用would / should / could / might + have +过去分词。If he had known your

address yesterday,he would have telephoned you.

3. 虚拟将来时是表示对将来实现的可能性很小的或不确定的假设。If从句的谓语形式用一般过去式或用were to / should +动词原形，主句用would / should/could/ might +动词原形。If he were to leave today, he would get there by Friday

4. 省略if 采用倒装语序的条件句。有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if省去，而将had , should, were 等词提到主语之前，即用倒装结构。If he had worked harder, he would have got through the exams.==>Had he worked harder,

he would have got through the he were to leave today, he would get there by

Friday.==>Were he to leave today, he would get there by I were in your place, I

wouldn‟t do that.==>Were I in your place, I wouldn‟t do that.

5. 有时虚拟条件句并没用if 从句表示出来，而是用介词短语(otherwise, or, without,

but for)、上下文或其它方式来表示。如：We didn't know his telephone number; otherwise

we would have telephoned him. Without you help, I wouldn‟t have achieved so much. But

for （“要不是......”的意思）your help, I would not have succeeded.

II: 虚拟语气在从句中用should的情况:

1. 在表示建议,要求,命令,想法的动词后的从句里, 用should + 动词原形, should 可以省略. 如 advise, agree, command, decide, demand, determine, grant, indicate, insist,

order, prefer, propose, request, require, stipulate, suggest, urge, vote.常考到的是:

suggest, advise, demand, require, propose, insist, order, request.

His doctor suggested that he (should) take short leave of absence.

The author proposed that TV (should) be turned off at least one hour every day.

2. 在表示建议,要求,命令,想法的名词后的从句里, 用should + 动词原形, should可以省略. 如 advice, decision,agreement, command, decree, demand, determination,

indication, insistence, order, preference, proposal, request, requirement, stipulation etc.

It was Bill‟s suggestion that everyone (should) have a map.

His suggestion was that everyone (should) have a map.

He gave us a suggestion that everyone (should) have a map.

3. 在It is/was +形容词后的that 从句中用should的结构, should 可以省略. 这类形容词常见的有: advisable, anxious, compulsory, crucial, desirable, eager, essential, fitting,

imperative(绝对必要), impossible, improper, important, natural, necessary, obligatory,

possible, preferable, probable, recommended, urgent, vital etc.

It„s natural that she (should) do so.

It is essential that we (should) tell her the news.

4. 在 lest 和 for fear that(以免),in case(以防)从句中用should, should 可以省略.

She walked quietly lest she (should) wake up her roommates.

Have your gun ready in case we should need it.

III: wish 后的 that 从句中:

1. 表示现在或将来的愿望,从句中过去式.

I wish I knew his address.

I wish I were young.

2. 表示过去没有实现或不可能实现的愿望, 从句用过去完成式或would, could, might

+ have + 过去分词.

I wish you had written to him.

I wish I could have slept longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.

3. 如果将wish改成wished, 其后that 从句中动词的形式不变.

4. 如果that 从句中用would , 一般表示 对现状不满或希望未来有所改变或请求

I wish he would answer my letter.

I wish prices would come down.

I wish you would help me.

I wish you would stop asking silly questions.

IV: 在 It’s about/ high/ first(second, third etc)time 后的that 从句中,用过去式.表示“该是做什么的时候了”

It is about time you were in bed.

It is high time we left.

It is the first time I came here.

V: 在would rather, would sooner, would just as soon 后的that从句中,用过去式或过去完成式,表示“宁愿做什么”

I would rather he came tomorrow than today.

John would rather that she had not gone to the party yesterday evening.

VI: 在if only（“如果....就好了”的意思） 感叹句中,谓语动词与wish宾语从句的虚拟形式相同.

If only he didn‟t drive so fast!(现在)

If only she had asked someone‟s advice.(过去)

If only the rain would stop.(将来)

VII: 在as if / as though 从句中,表示和现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑,用过去式;表示过去想象中的动作或情况, 用过去完成式.

He speaks as if he were on the spot.

She spoke to me as if I were deaf.

This device operated as though it had been repaired.

注: 1. 在 as if / as though 句中, 如果有可能成为事实, 用陈述语气.

He looks as if he is going to be ill.

2. 在 insist 后的从句中, 如果是坚持自己, 用陈述语气, 坚持别人做什么事情, 用虚拟语气.

She insists that she is right.

She insisted that I should finish the work at once.