扎实高中英语知识基础:新概念英语第三册 Lesson 17 文章词汇语法详细解

Lesson17 The longest suspension bridge in the world

Verrazano, an Italian about whom little is known, sailed into New York Harbour in 1524 and

named it Angouleme. He described it as 'a very agreeable situation located within two small hills

in the midst of which flowed a great river.' Though Verrazano is by no means considered to be a

great explorer, his name will probably remain immortal, for on November 21st, 1964, the longest

suspension bridge in the world was named after him.

The Verrazano Bridge, which was designed by Othmar Ammann, joins Brooklyn to Staten

Island. It has a span of 4,260 feet. The bridge is so long that the shape of the earth had to be

taken into account by its designer. Two great towers support four huge cables. The towers are

built on immense underwater platforms make of steel and concrete. The platforms extend to a

depth of over 100 feet under the sea. These alone took sixteen months to build. Above the

surface of the water, the towers rise to a height of nearly 700 feet. They support the cables from

which the bridge has been suspended. Each of the four cables contains 26,108 lengths of wire. It

has been estimated that if the bridge were packed with cars, it would still only be carrying a third

of its total capacity. However, size and strength are not the only important things about this

bridge. Despite its immensity, it is both simple and elegant, fulfilling its designer's dream to

create 'an enormous object drawn as faintly as possible'.

句读解析

1-1 1524年，一位鲜为人知的意大利人维拉萨诺驾船驶进纽约港，并将该港名为安古拉姆。

Verrazano, an Italian {about whom little is known}, sailed into

New York Harbour in 1524 and named it Angouleme.

句式句法

句子的主干是Verrazano sailed. “an Italian about whom little is

known”是主语Verrazano的同位语，whom指代Italian。

注：同位语可以替代定语从句，补充名词信息。

1-2他对该港作了这样的描述：“地理位置十分适宜，位于两座小山的中间，一条大河从中间流过”。

He described it as 'a very agreeable situation (located within two

small hills {in the midst of which flowed a great river}).'

生词学习

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agreeable adj. 舒适的，宜人的；随和的

Today is agreeable.

agreeable situation宜人的地方

His house is in an agreeable situation.

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locate v.位于

Beijing is located in the North of China.

Japan is located to the east of China.

地道表达

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in the midst of ...

-- A great river flowed in the middle of the two hills.

In the midst of = in the middle of

In the middle of不仅可以表示方位上的中间, 还可以表示时间上的中间。

-- in the middle of the river / in the middle of the night / in the

middle of the winter

固定搭配

把某物描述成… describe something as…

(e.g. I should describe the attempt as a failure.我把这次尝试描述成失败。)

(补充：后面可以加as的动词：see, view, look upon, recognize, regard,

treat, accept

-- His mother regards him as genius. -- I accepted his words as

truth. 我对他的话信以为真。)

句式句法

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Located过去分词做定语修饰situation

-- I like the village located within two small hills.

= I like the village which is located within two small hills.

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a very agreeable situation located within two small hills in the

midst of whichflowed a great river地理位置十分适宜，位于两座小山的中间，一条大河从中间流过

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方位状语(in the midst of which)放在句首，则用倒装结构。

-- We arrived at a farmhouse in front of which was a mountain.

-- In the far distance came the roaring of a fire engine.

1-3虽然维拉萨诺绝对算不上一个伟大的探险家，但他的名字将流芳百世，因为1964年11月21日建成的一座世界上最长的吊桥是以他的名字命名。

{Though Verrazano is by no means considered to be a great

explorer}, his name will probably remain immortal, {for on

November 21st, 1964, the longest suspensionbridge in the world

was named after him}.

地道表达

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by no means（= not by any means = not at all）绝对不能

It is by no means pleasant to take a crowded bus. 乘坐一辆拥挤的公共汽车绝对不是一件让人高兴的事。

He isn't satisfied with a job at all. =

He isn't satisfied with a job by any means.

补充：近义表达

in no way, in no case, in no sense, in no circumstances，on no

account, at no time 都表示“决不”

补充：其他means构成的短语

by all means. =please do“没问题”

by this means “凭借......手段”

by = with the help of “依靠；借助......”

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immortal adj. 永生的

补充：词汇学

词根：mort- “死亡”

mortal adj. 会死的......

mortician n. 从事殡葬行业的人

固定搭配

用…来命名;为了纪念......而以......命名 name after…

（近义词：be named for…, take one's name from… ）

（e.g. Bill was named after his grandfather.

This island is named after its discoverer.）

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Suspension n.悬，吊

suspension bridge吊桥

补充：同根词

suspend vt.吊, 悬挂；暂停, 暂缓

The light is suspended from the ceiling.

The train was suspended because of the heavy rain.

Fred is suspended from school for a week for bad conduct. 停学

Suspense n.担心、挂念、悬念（in suspense）

The wonderful film gave me a good expression because of its

suspense. (悬念)

He didn’t tell me the truth. It kept me in suspense all day.

suspender n.吊袜带,（裤子或裙子的）背带

补充：词汇学

字根：pend; pence 悬挂

independence独立

pending悬而未决的

pendulum钟摆

句式句法

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Though / although / even though 引导让步状语从句

用了though, although 不能使用but，但可以用yet来强调转折关系

-- Though they manage to take photographs, yet they got into

trouble soon.

2-1维拉萨诺大桥由奥斯马.阿曼设计，连结着布鲁克林与斯塔顿岛，桥长4,260英尺。

The Verrazano Bridge, {which was designed by Othmar Ammann},

joins Brooklyn to Staten Island. It has a span of 4260 feet.

生词学习

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span（空间、时间上的）跨度

Over a span of three years, a surprising amount has been

achieved. 在三年的时间里，取得了惊人的成绩。

Life span 人的寿命

固定搭配

跨度、桥长 have a span of ...

2-2由于桥身太长，设计者不得不考虑了地表的形状。

The bridge is so long {that the shape of the earth had to be taken

into account by its designer}.

固定搭配

考虑到 into account（近义词：take into consideration；take account of ）

--

We have to take the date into account when we have the meeting.

2-3两座巨塔支撑着4根粗大的钢缆。

Two great towers support four huge cables.

固定搭配

举起, 支撑 Support（= hold up ）

2-4塔身建在巨大的水下钢盘混凝土平台上。

The towers are built on immense underwater platforms (made of

steel and concrete).

句式句法

made of steel and concrete是过去分词短语做后置定语，修饰platforms。

2-5平台深入海底100英尺。

The platforms extend to a depth of over 100 feet under the sea.

生词学习

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Extendv. 延伸, 伸展reach, stretch

a railway extends to the next city.

句式句法

形容高度、长度、深度等度量的表达

高度：rise to a height of ...

-- The tower rise to a height of nearly 700 feet.

(= The tower are nearly 700 feet high.)

长度：extends/stretches to a length of…

Each of the four cables contains 26,108 lengths of wire.

深度：extend to a

-- The platforms extend to a depth of over 100 feet under the sea.

(= The platforms are over 100 feet deep under the sea.)

宽度：extend to a width of…

跨度：has a

--It has a span of 4260 feet.

载重量: have a

It would still only be carrying a third of its total capacity.

2-6仅这两座塔就花了16个月才建成。

These alone took sixteen months to build.

地道表达

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alone这里表示强调

补充：近义辨析

alone表示强调，只能放在修饰词的后面

She alone can decide what to do.

Only表示强调，放在修饰词的前面。

Only she can decide what to do.

句式句法

These alone took sixteen months to build.

= It took the workers sixteen months to build the platforms.

“花......”的句型

sb. take +时间+ to do sth.

It takes +时间+for sb. to do sth.

Sb. spend +时间+(in) doing sth.

Sb. spend +时间+ on sth.

Sth. cost sb. +时间

2-7塔身高出水面将近700英尺。

Above the surface of the water, the towers rise to a height of

nearly 700 feet.

2-8高塔支撑着钢缆，而钢缆又悬吊着大桥，4根钢缆中的每根由26，108股钢绳组成。

They support the cables {from which the bridge has been

suspended}. Each of the four cables contains 26,108 lengths of

wire.

2-9据估计，若桥上摆满了汽车，也只不过是桥的总承载力的1/3。

It has been estimated {that[if the bridge were packed with cars],

it would still only be carrying a third of its total capacity}.

生词学习

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Estimate v.估计

-- Underestimate 低估/ Overestimate 高估

-- At a rough estimate, the car is worth 500 thousand RMB. 粗略的估计以下…

Estimation n.判断（= judgement = judgment n.审判, 判决）

in my estimation = in my view = in my opinion 在我看来

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capacity n. (1)承受量（容量, 生产量, 接受力）

Are you clear about the capacity of the cinema?

The seating capacity of the theatre is 1500.

The factory has a productive capacity of 200 cars a week.

A capacity crowd 坐的满满的观众

Capacity n. (2)做某事的能力

have a capacity for doing something /

have a capacity to do ability

We have a capacity to study English well.

补充：近义辨析

Ability n.能力, 才干（已经做到了）

-- We have ability to finish the work in two days. = we manage

to finish…

Capability n.潜在的能力

have capability to do / have capability of doing

-- Every child has capability to study a foreign language.

Faculty n.先天的智能或能力

Competence n.胜任工作的能力、资格

-- I have competence for this job.

固定搭配

挤满...... be (=be full of; be filled with)

(The bus was packed with people.)

承载carry

…的1/3 a third of…

句式句法

if从句用虚拟语气，因为桥上不可能摆满汽车。

2-10然而，这座桥重要特点不仅是它的规模与强度。

However, size and strength are not the only important things

about this bridge.

2-11尽管此桥很大，但它的结构简单，造型优美，实现了设计者企图创造一个“尽量用细线条勾画出一个庞然大物”的梦想。

（Despite its immensity）, it is both simple

and elegant, （fulfilling its designer's dream to create 'an

enormous object drawn as faintly as possible'）.

生词学习

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elegant adj.优美别致的

补充：近义辨析

Elegant还表示人的举止很得体、大方

-- The lady is elegant. / elegant behavior

Graceful adj.优美的（强调一个人的体型优美）

Delicate adj.精巧的, 精致的

补充：词汇学

lig词根表示“选择”

eligible adj. 经过挑选的，合格的

negligible adj. 可疏忽的，不重要的

固定搭配

实现某人的梦想 fulfill one’s dream

句式句法

Fulfilling 分词做状语表示结果

-- The bus was held up by the snowstorm, causing the delay.（hold up 阻挡, 拦截）

-- Her husband died in 1970, leaving her with her children.

-- At last he passed his examination,

fulfilling his dream to go abroad.