2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国艺术研究院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国艺术研究院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）

一.综合题(共15题)

1.

单选题

When products made in factories（ ）, they are thrown away as garbage.

问题1选项

to an end

put to use

used up

out

【答案】D

【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项come to an end“结束”；B选项are put to use“使用，利用”；C选项are used up“用完，用尽”；D选项wear out“磨损，耗尽，穿破”。句意：当工厂生产的产品用坏了，就会作为垃圾扔掉。选项D最符合语境。

2.

roots

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项原形是catch on“理解，明白，变得流行”；B选项原形是catch out“发现……有错误”；C选项原形是catch up“赶上”；D选项take roots“生根，扎根”。句意“曾有几次尝试在男装中引入更鲜艳的颜和风格，但都没有流行起来”。选项A符合语境。

3.

翻译题

国画(Chinese painting)是世界上最古老的艺术传统之一。绘画时用毛笔蘸黑墨或彩墨在纸张或丝绸上作画。根据表现手法，国画可分为写意派(the Xieyi School)和工笔派(the Gongbi School)两大类。写意派以自由表达和形式夸张为特点；工笔派则注重以精细的笔法描绘细节。山水画被公认为国画的最高形式。纵观历史，不同时期的国画都相应地反映出人们的社会意识。

【答案】Chinese painting is one of the oldest artistic traditions in the world. The painting

is done on paper or silk with a brush dipped in black or colored ink. According to the means

of expression, Chinese paintings can be divided into two categories which are the Xieyi

School and the Gongbi School. The Xieyi School is characterized by free expression and

exaggerated forms, while the Gongbi School attaches importance to detail with fine brush

work. Landscape painting is widely regarded as the highest form of Chinese painting.

Throughout history, the Chinese paintings at different times mirror people's social

consciousness accordingly.

4.

单选题

There have been several attempts to introduce gayer colors and styles in men’s clothing,

but none of them（ ）.

问题1选项

caught on

caught him out

caught up

单选题

Many of her followers remain（loyal）to her, and even those who have rejected her leadership.

问题1选项

nt

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她

ly

ul

hetic

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意：她的许多追随者仍然效忠于她，即使是那些不满她领导能力的人也不例外。A选项obedient“顺从的”；B选项friendly“友好的”；C选项faithful“忠诚的”；D选项sympathetic“同情的”。loyal意为“忠诚的”，选项C与之意思相近，符合语境。

5.

在美术史上重要因为他们是开拓者。所以在谈论到现代艺术时我们无法跨过这三个大师。当然，现在的后现代艺术与现代艺术又是不同的，后现代艺术同样是对之前的现代艺术的思考和反叛，也只有在不断的创新与反叛中，艺术的历史才能被延续。

【答案】Starting from the post-impressionism of the 19th century, the creative ideas and

personal styles of Van Gogh, Cezanne and Gauguin are the beginning of the modern art. The

reason why they are important in art history is because they are pioneers. So when we talk

about modern art we cannot ignore these three masters. Of course, nowadays the post-modern

art is different from modern art. The post-modern art is a reflection on and a rebellion

against the previous modern art. Only in the constant innovation and rebellion can the

history of art be continued.

7.

单选题

The filling station（ ）because there were too many others on the street.

问题1选项

under

through

out

through

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项go under“破产，屈服”；B选项go through“参加，经受，仔细检查，通过”；C选项fell out“争吵”；D选项fell through“未能实现”。句意：这个加油站破产了，因为街上还有很多其他的加油站。选项A符合语境。

6.

单选题

A landing on Mars is within the（ ）of current physical theory.

问题1选项

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项 scheme“计划，诡计”；B选项scope“范围，视野”；C选项scrap“碎片，残余物”；D选项scale“规模，比例”。句意：在火星上着陆在目前物理理论的范围之内。选项B符合语境。

8.

翻译题

由19世纪的后印象派开始，凡高、赛尚、高更三个人的创作理念和风格是现代艺术的开端。他们之所以

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她

单选题

Over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors—habits—among consumers. These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when

customers eat snacks, apply lotions and wipe counters almost without thinking, often in

response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.

“There are fundamental public health problems, like hand washing with soap, that remain

killers only because we can’t figure out how to change people’s habits,” said Dr. Curtis,

the director of the Hygiene Center at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. “We

wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically.”

The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to—Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever —

had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers’ lives

that corporations could used to introduce new routines.

If you look hard enough, you’ll find that many of the products we use every day—chewing

gums, skin moisturizers, disinfecting wipes, air fresheners, water purifiers, health snacks,

antiperspirants, colognes, teeth whiteners, fabric softeners, vitamins—are results of

manufactured habits. A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times

a day. Today, because of canny advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans

habitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate,

Crest or one of the other brands advertising that no morning is complete without a minty-fresh mouth.

A few decades ago, many people didn’t drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage companies

started bottling the production of far-off springs, and now office workers unthinkingly sip

bottled water all day long. Chewing gum, once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now

featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a meal. Skin

moisturizers—which are effective even if applied at high noon—are advertised as part of

morning beauty rituals, slipped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.

“Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns,” said Carol Berning,

a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter & Gamble, the company that sold

$76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year. “Creating positive habits is a huge

part of improving our consumers’ lives, and it’s essential to making new products

commercially viable.”

Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Berning have learned that

there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through relentless advertising.

As this new science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics have

been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods. But for activists like Dr.

Curtis, this emerging research offers a type of salvation.

1. According to the author, consumers’ good habits in the past were developed by（ ）.

2. Judging from the context, the word “killers” (Line 1, Para.2) most probably refers to（ ）.

3. Judging from the context, Colgate and Crest are most probably（ ）.

4. Bottled water, chewing gum, and skin moisturizers are used in paragraph 5 as examples to

indicate（ ）.

5. Which of the following groups has unfavorable opinion on advertising?

问题1选项

efforts of many companies

lves automatically

t art of creating automatic behaviors

D.a carefully designed set of daily cues

问题2选项

ental public health problems

which are extremely difficult to deal with

who deliberately take other’s life

behaviors that happen automatically

问题3选项

American companies

consumer products

-paste brands

white jewelry

问题4选项

importance of good habits

daily necessities for the common people

products that have successfully changed people’s habits

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她

of daily or weekly patterns of people’s life

问题5选项

er psychologists

scientists

y presidents

sts like Dr. Curtis

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段首句“Over the past decade, many companies had perfected the

art of creating automatic behaviors—habits—among consumers. 在过去的十年中，许多公司已经完善了在消费者体中形成自发性的行为或者说是习惯的艺术。”由此可知，过去消费者的许多习惯实际上是很多公司努力培养的结果，选项A符合原文。

2.词义推断题。根据第二段首句“There are fundamental public health problems, like hand washing

with soap, that remain killers. 还有一些基本的公共卫生问题，比如用肥皂洗手，仍然是杀手。”由此可知，“killer”指的就是“fundamental public health problems”，所以选项A正确。

3.判断推理题。根据第四段的最后一句“Today, because of canny advertising and public health

campaigns, many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub

twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the other brands advertising that no morning

is complete without a minty-fresh mouth. 如今，由于精明的广告宣传和公共健康宣传活动，许多美国人习惯给他们珍珠般洁白的牙齿一天两次的防蛀牙刷洗，常用的是高露洁、佳洁士或其他品牌中的某一个，这些产品经常宣传说，没有薄荷清新的口腔，早晨是不完整的。”由此可推测出，Colgate和Crest是牙膏品牌，所以选项C正确。

4.判断推理题。原文第六段的首句提及“当我们的产品成为日常或每周模式的一部分时，我们的产品就成功了”，也就是说，这些产品之所以成功，是因为它们改变了人们的生活习惯，而这些产品就是上文所提及的瓶装水，口香糖和润肤霜。所以选项C正确。

5.判断推理题。根据原文最后一段的内容可知“通过实验和观察，像伯宁博士这样的社会科学家们已经认识到，通过无休止的广告，将某些行为与习惯暗示联系起来是有用的。随着这种新的习惯科学出现，当这种策略被用于销售有问题的美容霜或不健康食品时，争议就爆发了。”由此可知，社会科学家们可能会对广告有不好的看法，所以选项B正确。

9.

单选题

The Government has therefore agreed to pay authorities extra sums to（ ）for their financial

losses.

问题1选项

up

up

in

on

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项make up“组成，编造，弥补”；B选项turn up“出现，发生”；C选项fill in“填写”；D选项lean on“依赖，靠在……上”。句意：政府因此同意向当局支付额外的金额，以弥补他们的经济损失。make up for意为“补偿，弥补”，选项A正确。

10.

单选题

They are bound to fail if they continue at the risk of all these dangers.

问题1选项

unnecessary

certain

simple

alternative

【答案】B

【解析】考查词义辨析。根据句意：如果他们继续冒着所有这些危险，他们……会失败。这里表示的是肯定的说法，be bound to意为“肯定，必然”。A选项are unnecessary“不必要的”；B选项are

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她

certain“必然的，确信的”；C选项are simple“简单的，单纯的”；D选项are alternative“供选择的”。选项B符合语境。

11.

单选题

It is possible that nature, like some master musician,（ ）on occasion, departing from the

expected or predictable.

问题1选项

s

ises

nts

izes

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项repeat“重复”；B选项improvise“即兴创作”；C选项ornament“装饰，修饰”；D选项harmonize“协调，使和谐”。句意：有可能，大自然就像一些音乐大师，有时会即兴发挥，偏离预期或预测。结合上下文可知，选项B符合语境。

12.

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意：……环境迫使他关闭了生意。A选项unfamiliar“不熟悉的，没有经验的”；B选项local“当地的，局部的”；C选项unfavorable“不利的，不宜的”；D选项good“好的”。根据下文的“close his business”可知，肯定是不好的环境导致他停业， adverse意为“不利的”，选项C与之意思相近。

13.

单选题

Adverse circumstances compelled him to close his business.

问题1选项

liar

rable

单选题

They arrived at some political agreements that facilitated troop withdrawals.

问题1选项

ished

zed

teed

ed

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。根据句意：他们达成了一些政治上的协议，这……撤军。facilitate意为“促进，帮助，使容易”。A选项establish“创立，建立”；B选项maximize“最大化”；C选项guarantee“保证，担保”；D选项promote“促进，提升”。选项D与之意思最为相近，符合语境。

14.

单选题

If you never review your stage lines, you will only have yourself to（ ）if you fail in your

performance.

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她

问题1选项

in

e

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定用法。to blame意为“该受责备；怪罪；应该负责”。句意“如果你从不复习你的台词，假如在表演时失败了，你只能怪你自己。”选项C符合语境。

15.

单选题

Although many experts agree that more children are overweight, there is debate over the best

ways to（ ）the problem.

问题1选项

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项relate“涉及”；B选项tackle“应付，处理”；C选项file“提出”；D选项attach“附加”。句意：尽管许多专家同意越来越多的儿童超重，但对于解决这个问题的最佳方法仍存在争论。选项B符合语境。