考研英语(二)阅读真题Text3及答案解析

考研英语(二)阅读真题Text3及答案解析

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1) over the past decade, many panies had

perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors -

habits - among consumers. These habits have helped

panies earn billions of dollars when customers eat

snacks, apply lotions and wipe counters almost without

thinking, often in response to a carefully designed

set of daily cues.

2) “There are fundamental public health

problems, like hand washing with soap, that remain

killers only because we can’t figure out how to

change people’s habits,” Dr. Curtis said. “We

wanted to learn from private industry how to create

new behaviors that happen automatically.”

3) The panies that Dr. Curtis turned to -

Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever - had

invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the

subtle cues in consumers’ lives that corporations

could use to introduce new routines.

4) If you look hard enough, you’ll find that

many of the products we use every day - chewing gums,

skin moisturizers, disinfecting wipes, air fresheners,

water purifiers, health snacks, antiperspirants,

colognes, teeth whiteners, fabric softeners, vitamins

- are results of manufactured habits. A century ago,

few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple

times a day. Today, because of canny advertising and

public health campaigns, many Americans habitually

give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub

twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the

other brands.

5) A few decades ago, many people didn’t

drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage panies

started bottling the production of far-off springs,

and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water

all day long. Chewing gum, once bought primarily by

adolescent boys, is now featured in mercials as a

breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a

meal. Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of

morning beauty rituals, slipped in between hair

brushing and putting on makeup.

6) “Our products succeed when they bee part

of daily or weekly patterns,” said Carol Berning, a

consumer psychologist who recently retired from

Procter & Gamble, the pany that sold $76 billion of

Tide, Crest and other products last year. “Creating

positive habits is a huge part of improving our

consumers’ lives, and it’s essential to making new

products mercially viable.”

7) Through experiments and observation,

social scientists like Dr. Berning have learned that

there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual

cues through relentless advertising. As this new

science of habit has emerged, controversies have

erupted when the tactics have been used to sell

questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.

ing to , habits like hand

washing with soap________.

[A] should be further cultivated

[B] should be changed gradually

[C] are deeply rooted in history

[D] are basically private concerns

d water, chewing gun and skin

moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5 so as to____

[A] reveal their impact on people’habits

[B] show the urgent need of daily necessities

[C]indicate their effect on people’buying power

[D]manifest the significant role of good habits

of the following does NOT belong to

products that help create people’s habits?

[A]Tide

[B]Crest

[C]Colgate

[D]Unilver

the text we konw that some of consumer’s

habits are developed due to _____

[A]perfected art of products

[B]automatic behaviour creation

[C]mercial promotions

[D]scientific experiments

author’s attitude toward the influence of

advertisement on people’s habits is____

[A]indifferent

[B]negative

[C]positive

[D]biased

答案解析：

31.选项[A]正确。

事实细节题，根据habits like hand washing with

soap可定位至第二段。该段指出柯提斯博观点： 诸如“不用肥皂洗手”之类的公共卫生问题依然在危营人类健康，甚至在夺取人们生命；公共卫生倡导者应向私营企业学习，以改变人们行为、生成健康习惯。由此可知柯提斯博士现点进一步培养用香皂洗手等卫生习惯,[A]选项正确。

32.选项[A]正确。

第五段全段都是在谈论题干所涉三个事例，其共同特征是“以今昔对比说明商家在消费者中所生成的使用某种产品的习惯”，初步确定答案为[A].但若完全确定事例写作目的需要进一步从上下文搜寻,第四段首句指出商家所制造出的消费者习惯无处不在并随后举一例说明，第五段则继续举三例予以说明。[A]选项体现了第四段首句所述观点，故为三个事例的说明对象，为正确选项。

33.选项[D]正确。

第三段提到Curtis博士主要向三家公司学习“影响人们习惯”的能力，他们分别是宝洁公司、高露洁公司和联合利华。随后的第四段提到人们刷牙用的牙膏通常是佳洁土(Crest)和高露洁(Colgate)，第六段提到洗涤产品汰渍(Tide)。而联合利华(Unilever)是“公司”而非“产品”。所以,[D]Unilever不是能塑造人们习惯的产品.为正确选项。

34.选项[C]正确。

文章段指出，商家因在消费者中生成习惯获利颇丰；第三段显示，很多公司都投入了大量资金研究如何让消费者生成某些习惯；第四、第五段更是指出，很多产品的流行都有赖于商家对消费者习惯的有意培养；第六段则借消费心理专家话语指出：在消费者中生成新习惯对新产品的销售至关重要。可见，商业推广是推动消费者生成新习惯的主要原因，选项[C]正确。

35.选项[B]正确。

就“广告对人们的影响”的看法主要体现于文章末段，该段先肯定大力度的广告确实能影响人们习惯，随后指出，这些影响人们习惯的策略经常被用于销售效果不明的产品和不健康

食品，且这已经引发强烈争议，可见，[B]选项是对态度的正确概括。

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