经济学专业术语(中英文对照)

经济学专业术语(中英文对照)

经济学专业术语（中英文对照）

1.经济学原理

经济:(economy)

稀缺性:(scarcity)

经济学:(economics)

效率:(efficiency)

同等:(equality)

机遇本钱:(opporyunity cost)

理性人:(rational people)

边际变动:(marginal change)

边沿收益:(marginal benefit)

边沿本钱:(marginal cost)

激励:(incentive)

市场经济:(market XXX)

产权:(property rights)

市场失灵:(market failure)

外部性:(externality)

市场势力:(market power)

生产率:(productivity)

通货膨胀:(inflation)

经济周期:(business cycle)

2.像经济学家一样思考

循环流量图:(circular-flow diagram)

生产可能性边界:(production possibilities)

微观经济学:(microeconomics)

宏观经济学:(macroeconomics)

实证表述:(XXX)

规范表述:(normative statements)

有序数对:(ordered pair)

3.相互依存性与贸易的好处

绝对优势:(absolute advantage)

机遇本钱:(apportunity cost)

比力上风:(comparative advantage)

入口品:(imports)

出口品:(exports)

4.供给与需求的市场力量

市场:(market)

竞争市场:(competitive market)

需求量:(quantity XXX)

需求定理:(law of demand)

需求表:(demand schedule)

需求曲线:(demand curve)

正常物品:(normal good)

低档物品:(inferior good)

替代品:(substitutes)

互补品:(complements)

供给量:(quantity supplied)

供给定理:(law of supply)

供给表:(supply schedule)

供给曲线:(supply curve)

均衡:(equilibrium)

均衡价格:(equilibrium price)

均衡数量:(equilibrium quantity)

多余:(surplus)

短缺:(shortage)

供求定理:(law of supply and demand)

5.弹性及其使用

弹性:(elasticity)

需求代价弹性:(price elasticity of demand)

总收益:(total revenue)

需求收入弹性:(income elasticity)

需求的交叉价格弹性:(cross-price elasticity)供给价格弹性:(price elasticity of supply)

6.供给需求与政策

价格上限:(price ceiling)

代价下限:(price floor)

税收归宿:(tax incidence)

7.消费者、生产者与市场效率

福利经济学:(XXX)

领取志愿:(willingness to pay)

消费者剩余:(consumer surplus)

成本:(cost)

出产者残剩:(producer surplus)

效率:(efficiency)

平等:(equality)

8.钱粮的使用

无谓损失:(deadweight loss)

9.国际商业

天下代价:(world price)

关税:(tariff)

10.外部性

外部性:(externality)

内部性内涵化:(internalizing XXX)改正税:(corrective taxes)

科斯定理:(coase XXX)

生意业务本钱:(XXX cost)

11.公共物品和公共资源

排他性:(excludability)

消耗中的合作性:(XXX)

私人物品:(private goods)

公共物品:(public goods)

公共资源:(common resources)

俱乐部物品:(XXX goods)

搭便车者:(free rider)

成本-收益分析:(cost-XXX)

公地悲剧:(tragedy of commons)

12.税制设想

征税任务:(XXX)

预算赤字:(budget defict)

预算盈余:(budget surplus)

平均税率:(average tax rate)

边沿税率:(marginal tax rate)

定额税:(lump-sum tax)

受益准绳:(benefits principle)

领取本领准绳:(ability-to-pay principle)

纵向同等:(XXX)

横向同等:(XXX)

比例税:(proportional tax)

累退税:(regressive tax)

累进税:(progressive tax)

13.出产本钱

总收益:(total revenue)

总本钱:(total cost)

利润:(profit)

显性成本:(explicit costs)

隐性本钱:(implicit costs)

经济利润:(economic profit)

会计利润:(counting profit)

生产函数:(production function)

边际产量:(marginal product)

边沿产量递减:(diminishing marginal

钱:(fixed costs)

可变成本:(variable costs)

平均总成本:(average total cost)

平均固定成本:(average fixed costs)

平均可变成本:(average variable costs)

product)牢固本

边沿本钱:(marginal cost)

有效规模:(efficient scale)

范围经济:(economies of scale)

规模不经济:(diseconomies of scale)

范围收益稳定:(constant returns to scale)

14.竞争市场上的企业

竞争市场:(competitive market)

均匀收益:(average revenue)

边际收益:(marginal revenue)

漂浮本钱:(sunk revenue)

15.把持

垄断企业:(XXX)

天然把持:(XXX)

价格歧视:(price discrimination)

16.垄断竞争

寡头:(oligopoly)

把持合作:(XXX)

17.寡头

博弈论:(game theory)

勾搭:(collusion)

XXX:(cartel)

纳什均衡:(Nash equilibrium)

囚徒困境:(prisoners’ dilemma)

占优策略:(XXX)

18.生产要素市场

生产要素:(factors of production)

出产函数:(production function)

劳动的边沿产量:(marginal product of labor)边沿产量递减:(diminishing marginal product)边沿产量值:(value of the

marginal product)本钱:(capital)

19.收入与歧视

抵偿性人为不同:(compensating differential)人力本钱:(human capital)

工会:(union)

罢工:(strike)

效率工资:(efficiency)

歧视:(discrimination)

20.收入不平等与贫困

贫困率:(poverty rate)

贫困率:(poverty line)

实物转移支付:(in-kind transfers)

生命周期:(life cycle)

持久收入:(permanent income)

功利主义:(utilitariansm)

功效:(utilitariansm)

自由主义:(liberalism)

最大最小准则:(maximin criterion)

负所得税:(negative income tax)

福利:(welfare)

社会保险:(social insurance)

自在至上主义:(libertarianism)

21.消耗者挑选实际

预算约束线:(budget constraint)

无不同曲线:(indiffernnce curve)

边沿替换率:(marginal rate of subtitution)

完全替代品:(perfect substitudes)

完全互补品:(perfect complements)

一般物品:(normal good)

低档物品:(inferior good)

收入效应:(income effect)

替代效应:(substitution effect)

XXX物品:(Giffen good)

22.微观经济学前沿

道德风险:(moral hazard)

代理人:(agent)

委托人:(principal)

逆向选择:(adverse selection)

发旌旗灯号:(signaling)

筛选:(screening)

政治经济学:(political XXX)

康多塞悖论:(condorcet paradox)

XXX不成能性定理:(Arrow’XXX)

中值选民定理:(XXX)

行动经济学:(XXX)

23.一国收入的衡量

微观经济学:(microeconomics)

宏观经济学:(macroeconomics)

国内生产总值:(XXX,GDP)消费:(consumption)

投资:(investment)

政府购买:(government purchase)

净出口:(net export)

名义GDP:(nominal GDP)

真实GDP:(real GDP)

GDP平减指数:(GDP deflator)

XXX.糊口用度的衡量

消耗物价指数:(consumer price index,CPI)

通货收缩率:(inflation rate)

出产品价指数:(produer price index,PPI)

指数化:(indexation)

生活费用津贴:(cost-of-living allowance,COLA)名义利率:(nominal interest rate)

25.出产与增加

生产率:(productivity)

物资本钱:(physical capital)

人力本钱:(XXX)

自然资源:(natural resources)

手艺常识:(XXX)

收益递减:(diminishing returns)

追逐效应:(catch-up effect)

26.储蓄、投资和金融体系

金融体系:(financial system)

金融市场:(financial markets)

债券:(bond)

股票:(stock)

金融中介机构:(financial intermediaries)

配合基金:(mutual fund)

国民储蓄:(national saving)

公家储蓄:(private saving)

大众储蓄:(public saving)

预算盈余:(budget surplus)

预算赤字:(budget deficit)

可贷资金市场:(market for loanable funds)

挤出:(crowding out)

27.金融学的根本工具

金融学:(finance)

现值:(present value)

终值:(future value)

复利:(compounding)

风险厌恶:(risk aversion)

多元化:(diversification)

企业特有风险:(firm-specific risk)

市场风险:(market risk)

基本面风险:(fundamental analysis)

有效市场假说:(efficient XXX)信息有效:(informational

efficiency)

随机游走:(random walk)

28.失业

劳动力:(laborforce)

赋闲率:(XXX)

劳动力参与率:(labor-force participation rate)自然失业率:(natural rate of XXX)周期性失业:(cyclical unemployment)

失去信心的工人:(discouraged workers)

磨擦性赋闲:(frictional unemployment)

布局性赋闲:(structural XXX)

寻工作:(job search)

失业保险:(XXX)

工会:(union)

个人商洽:(collective bargaining)

罢工:(strike)

效率工资:(essiciency wages)

29.泉币制度

货币:(money)

交流序言:(medium of exchange)

计价单位:(unit of account)

价值储藏手段:(store of value)

流动性:(liquidity)

商品货币:(commodity money)

法定货币:(fiat money)

通货:(currency)

活期存款:(demand deposits)

XXX:(Federal Reserve)

中心银行:(central bank)

货币供给:(money supply)

货币政策:(monetary policy)

XXX:(reserves)

局部筹办金银行:(fractional-reserve

:(reserve ratio)

货币乘数:(money multiplier)

银行本钱:(bank capital)

杠杆:(leverage)

杠杆率:(leverage ratio)

本钱需求量:(capital requirement)

公布市场操纵:(open-market operations)

贴现率:(discount rate)

banking)筹办金率

法定筹办金:(reserve requirements)

弥补金融打算:(supplementary financing

program)联邦基金利率:(federal funds rate)

30.泉币增加与通货收缩

铲除通胀:(whip Inflation Now)

货币数量论:(XXX)

名义变量:(nominal variables)

实在变量:(real variables)

古典二分法:(classiacl dichotomy)

货币中性:(XXX)

货币流通速度:(velocity of money)

数目方程式:(XXX)

通货膨胀税:(inflation tax)

XXX效应:(Fisher effect)

皮鞋本钱:(XXX)

菜单成本:(menu costs)

31.开放经济的宏观经济学

封闭经济:(closed XXX)

开放经济:(open XXX)

出口:(exports)

净出口:(net exports)