完整版现在进行时表将来知识梳理


2023年12月26日发(作者:interlocutor)

现在进行时表将来

概念引入

现在进行时是我们非常熟悉的时态,常表示说话时正在发生的动作,如:

Why are you crying ? Is something wrong?

你为什么在哭?有什么不对吗? 但是观察这些句子:

1.1

'

m going我要走了。

2. What are you doing next Sunday?

下星期你打算干什么?

3. Don

'

t forget: you are taking part too.

不要忘记:你也要参加。

4. She is going to the dentist tomorrow because she is having a tooth filled.

她明天要去看牙医,因为她的牙需要补。

这些句子中的谓语动词都是现在进行时, 但是谈论的都是将来的事, 这就是本单 元我们要学习的内容。

语法讲解

现在进行时表将来

1.

现在进行时表示将来主要用于表示按照计划或安排将要发生的动作或事件,常表示最近 或较近的将来,有

“意图”、“安排”或“打算 ”,给人期待感,多是转移动词,如:

come, go, start, arrive, leave,

stay

等。

I

'

m leaving tomorrow.我打算明天离开。

Are you staying here till next week?

你要在这儿待到下个星期吗?

They

'

re coming here this after noon.今天下午他们要来这儿。

She is leaving on the New York flight.

她要乘飞纽约的航班去。

Do you know if he is going to school tomorrow?

你知道明天他上不上学吗?

What time are you

coming back?

你准备什么时候回来?

I am starting early tomorrow morning.

我打算明天一早就动身。

The delegation is arriving this

afternoon.

代表团将于今天下午到达。

2.

进行时表将来还可以用于一些非位移动词,如

do, buy, meet, have, play, spend

等,此时句 中一般要有表示将来的时间状语。

What are you doing next Sunday?

下周日你要干什么?

My mother is buying me a bike soon.

我妈妈很快要给我买一辆自行车。

We are playing football this afternoon.

今天下午我们要踢足球。

We'

re

probably spending the coming Easter with the Greens.

我们会和格林一家共度复活节。

I

'

m meeting Janet later this evengin.

今晚我会与珍妮见面。

3.

现在进行时偶尔也表示较远的将来。

When I grow up, I

'

m joining the aim长大了要参军。

4.

表示将来的现在进行时有时含有 “决心 ”的意思,多用于否定结构中。

I

'

m not going there我不去那儿了。

I

'

m not wait ing for her any Ion ger.我不会再等她了。

现在进行时的其它用法

1

1.

表示说话的时刻正在进行的动作,常与时间状语

now, at the moment

等连用。

I

'

m sitting on a rock near the river with my friends.

我和我的朋友们正坐在河边的一块岩石上。

We'

re having a meeting.

我们在开会。

Be quiet

The baby is sleeping

安静,孩子在睡觉。

2.

表示现在阶段正在进行的动作, 而不一定是说话时正在进行的动作, 常与

today, this week, this term

等连用。

What are you doing recently?

你最近在忙些什么?

He is teaching in a middle school.

他在一所中学教书。

Right now it is the summer vacation and I

'

m helping my dad on the farm.

现在是暑假,我在农场帮我爸爸干活。

3.

现在进行时有时可表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感情彩,通常与

constantly

等副词连用。比较:

She'

s always helpi ng people她老是帮助别人。(表示赞扬)

She always helps others.

他总是帮助别人。 (陈述一个事实)

The boy is constantly lying.

这孩子老是撒谎。 (表示厌恶)

The boy often lies.

这孩子常撒谎。 (指出缺点)

How are you feeling today?

今天感觉怎么样?(亲切)

You are constantly complaining.

你总是不停地抱怨。 (抱怨)

现在进行时与一般现在时的区别

always,

forever

现在进行时用来谈论暂时的情况, 一般现在时用来表示永久的情况, 或经常发生的事情 或习惯。

He'

s not working very hard at the moment.

(目前情况)

此时他并没在努力工作。

He doesn ' t work very hard.经常的情况)

他工作不努力。

What kind of music does the woman like? (2019

北京高考

这位女子喜欢什么种类的音乐?

Mr. Green is writing another novel.

格林先生在写另一部小说。 动词

be

的现在进行时

动词be的现在进行时,主要用于表示一时的表现或暂时存在的状态。

He is foolish.

他很傻。

(性格如此

He is being foolish.

他显得很傻。

(指一时的表现,并非总是如此

He is friendly.

他很友好。

长期如此

He is being friendly.

他显得很友好。

(指暂时的表现,而且不一定真诚

He is polite and reasonable.

他讲礼貌而且通情达理。

He is being polite and reasonable.

他这会儿讲礼貌而且通情达理。

be形容词"用于现在进行时时, 其中的形容词通常只能是

angry, careful, careless, clever,

foolish, stupid, kind, friendly, brave, rude, polite

等动态形容词,而

big, tall, beautiful

等静态形 容词不能这样用。

2

不用进行时的动词

1.

表示事实状态的动词 ,如

have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh,

measure, continue

等。

I have two brothers.

我有两兄弟。

This house belongs to my sister.

这房子是我的。

Whisky contains a large percentage of alcohol.

威士忌的酒精含量极高。

2.

表示心理状态的动词 ,如

know, realize, think, see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, need,

recognize, remember, want, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate

等。

I need your help.

我需要你的帮助。

He loves her very much.

他爱她很深。

They agreed to reserve four tickets for us.

他们答应给我们留四张票。

3.

瞬间动词, 如

accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse

等。

I accept your advice.

我接受你的劝告。

When will you complete the task?

你什么时候完成任务

?

The following evening a party was given for him by his parents.

第二天晚上他父母为他举行了一个派对。

4.

系动词, 如

seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste

等。

You seem a little tired.

你看上去有点累。

This kind of cloth feels very soft.

这种布手感很软。

This flower smells very sweet.

这朵花闻起来很香。

、注意 :

I •

1.

fee形容词”表主语情感、感觉、心理状态时,常用进行时:

How are you feeling now? I

你现在感觉怎么样? 感觉好多了。

'm feeling better.

2.

某些系动词,如

get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin

等,用进行时可以表示渐变。

The leaves are

turning red.

叶子在变红。

It

'

s getting warmer and warme天越来越热了。 一般将来时的几种表达方法

1. will/ shall do

表示单纯的将来,或临时要做某事。

will

用于各种人称,

shall

一般用于第一人称,但是

will

表示将来通常不用于状语从句中, 而用一般现在时代替。

Which paragraph shall I read first

? 我先读哪一段呢?

I

'

ll tell him the truth if I see him tomorrow.

如果我明天看到他,我就告诉他实情。

You said Tom is

ill? I

'

ll go to see him now.

你说汤姆病了?我现在马上去看他。

注意:在

if

引导的条件状语从句中可以用

will

表示主语的意愿。

If you will listen to me, I

'

ll tell yo如果你愿意听我说,我就告诉你实情。

3

2. be going to

指现在的打算、意图,表示最近的计划和安排。

be going to

可以表示计划、安排要做的事,也可表示有迹象表明最近的将来要发生的事。

Also I

'

m not going to ask you what words mean.

我也不打算问你们单词是什么意思。

What are you going to do this weekend?

你这周末打算干什么呢?

It is going to rain, so we

'

d better stiy下雨0了,因此我们最好待在室内。

3. be doing

与表示将来的时间连用,表示不久的将来计划要发生的事或动作。

When are you going off for your holiday?

你什么时候去度假?

Are you staying here till next week?

你会在这儿呆到下周吗?

4. be to do

表示按预定计划或安排要发生的事情,还可以表示 “注定”、 “可能性 ”、“义务” 等。

He is to have a holiday.

他要度假了。

You are to pay for your fault.

你得为你的失误付出代价。

We are to discuss the report next Saturday.

我们下星期六讨论这份报告。

You are to go to the hotel where rooms have already been booked for you.

你要去那家旅馆,房间已经给你预定了。

5.

一般现在时表示将来。分为三种情况:

1) 按照规定 (如工作计划、 各种时刻表) 要发生的未来的动作, 仅限于

go, come, leave, start, stay,

return, begin

等等。

The train leaves ten minutes later.

火车十分钟后启动。

Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming.

车来了。

2) 用于时间状语从句(

when, unitl

...)、条件状语从句(

if,

unless,

...)等,代替

will

表 示的一般将来时。

I

'

ll write to you as soon as I arrive ther.e

我到了那里,就写信给你。

3) 在动词

hope, take care that, make sure that

等的宾语从句中。

I hope they have a nice time next week.

我希望他们下星期玩得开心。

Make sure that the windows

are closed before you leave the room.

离开房间前,务必把窗户关了

6. be about to do

刚要,正要,表示非常近的将来。

1)be about to

不能和表示将来的时间副词连用。

2)be about when…

正要 ..... 的时候 ..... 事情发生了。

He is about to leave for Beijing.

他马上要去北京。

She was about to dish up when some guests came.

她刚要上菜开饭,这时来了一些客人。

As she was about to speak, I frowned her down.

她刚要开口,我就皱皱眉示意她别出声。

I was about to go swimming when my guide shouted at me and told me not to do so.第

4

我正要去游泳,这时向导大声叫我不要去。

表示将来的各形式辨析

1. be going to

will/shal l

两者都可表示意图,有时可互换,但

be going to

着重强调事先考虑或决定的事;

will

表 示临时的打算或决定。用于条件句时,

be going to表将来,will表意愿。

If you are going to make a journey, you

'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.

如果你打算来一次旅行,最好是尽快做好准备。

Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.

如果你愿意脱下你的衣服,我们会在镜子前帮你穿上新衣服。

2. be going to

be to do

1) 两者都可以表示将来的计划,但是

be going to还能表示不受主观控制要发生的事,而

” be to do

不行。如可以说 "It is going to rai n.不能说 “”

is to rai n.

2) “

be going to do侧重说话人个人的意图和打算, “

be to do侧重受别人的指示或安排要 做的事。

This naughty boy is to stay here until the class is over. (

别人安排

这个淘气的男孩要在这里待到下课。

I

'm going to play fotoball tomorrow afternoon.

(个人打算)

明天下午我想去踢球。

3. do/ be doing

be going to do

do/ does

时间表排定的事

be doing

近期个人具体安排

be going to do

意图,打算

I

'm meeting my friend at the a-irport tomorrow.

我明天要在机场见一个朋友。

Her plane arrives at

她的飞机

11

点到达。

We are going to have lunch together.

我们打算一起吃午饭。

品味将来时

欣赏下列笑话,了解其中的现在进行时表将来的用法。

1. A: We are sending our son to a vacation next week.

B: Oh! Does he need a vacation?

A: No, but we do!

2. A: I hear you are moving to London next week.

B: Yes, I have to because of my job.

A: Are you working for the same people?

B: Yes, my wife and our six kids!

3. A boy was up an apple tree stealing apples. A policeman came along. He looked up at the boy in

the tree and said, a“reWyohuencoming down, young man?

When you go away!

replied the boy.

5

4. A very boring speaker talked for two hours without stopping. When he finished, he asked,

Does anybody have a question?

Yes,

said a voice from the back of the room.

欣赏下面短文,了解其中现在进行时的用法:

are you lea“vinWg h?e”n

Always in touch

I'

m sittingon a train. All around me people are using their cell phones. They

'

re makingcalls.

They

're getting calls. They re s'peaking to their boyfriends and girlfriends, their parents, and their bosses! Phonesare

ringing everywhere! I

'

m gettinga headache. Cell phones are very useful, but they are also a big problem, there is no

My phone is ringing.

总是占线 我在搭乘火车。我周围的人都在使用手机。他们在打电话。他们在接电话。他们在跟男 朋友讲电话,跟女朋友讲电话,跟父母讲电话,跟老板讲电话!到处都是手机铃声在响。我 很头痛。手机是很有用,但也是一个大问题。人们根本就没有 “安静”和“独处 ”的时间。哦, 呃,……等等。失陪,我的手机在响。

quiet

or

alone

time. Oh, er,...excuse me. I have to

6


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