熊海虹主编研究生英语综合教程上-B翻译

Unit 1

s practice a difficult and demanding expect to be well compensated. In thinking about what that means,it can help to consider the basic question,"why do we work?"Samuel Johnson supplied an obvious answer when he famously observed,"No man but a blockhead ever wrote,except for money." But I am not being paid to write this article,and instead of labeling myself a blockhead,let me refer to the insight of eminent psychologist Theodor Reik:"Work and love--these are the t them there is neurosis."

1.律师行业是一种困难而高要求的职业。他们期望好的回报。通过思考它的含义,可以帮助考虑那个基本问题,“我们为什么工作?”塞缪尔·约翰逊曾经在他的一个著名的评论中给出一个明确的回答,“除了傻瓜没有人写道,除了钱什么都行。”但是我没有打算通过写这篇文章赚钱,并不意味这我将自己标签为一个傻子,正如著名心理学家的见解所说“:工作和爱情都是最基本的。不需要他们的是神经病”。

do we work?For money,but also for sanity. We expect and need to be compensated in nonmonetary ways. Noneconomic compensation matters to top-flight lawyers--otherwise,they would have long ago fled to investment banks. Law firms that want to recruit and retain the best (and the sanest) must compensate not only in dollars but also in psychic gratification. Accordingly,managers of elite firms need to think consciously about what lawyers are looking for beyond money. Here are some key noneconomic element of compensation.

2.我们为什么工作?为了钱,也为了明智。我们期待同时需要得到非货币方式的回报。非经济薪酬对顶级律师而言很重要,否则,他们可能在很久以前就跳槽到投资银行了。律师事务所,想招聘和留住最好的律师必须不仅回报以美元，而且要使其得到精神满足。因此，精英公司的经理需要有意识地思考什么律师正在寻超越金钱的价值。这里有一些关键的非经济因素的补偿。

sional identity 专业的身份

Many lawyers define themselves with reference to the privileges and attributes of their profession .When firms recognize professional prerogatives, they provide an important form of compensation .许多律师通过自己职业的特权和属性定位自己。当公司承认专业的特权时,他们就提供了一种重要的回报形式。

example, lawyers pride themselves on belonging to a learned profession. By providing opportunities for continued intellectual growth, law firms can simultaneously provide a form of compensation and reinforce a core value of the profession. This isn’t

hard to do. Organize and host seminars with leading scholars, support scholarship

in-house with resources such as research assistance and create venues for lawyers to

engage in serious discourse.

4.例如,律师是一种讲学识的职业让他们引以为豪。通过提供持续的知识增长的机会,律师事务所可以同时提供某种形式的回报和加强这一职业的核心价值。这不是很难做到。可以组织和举办领先者学讲座，也可以以诸如研究援助和为律师们供场所从事严肃的讨论的资源提供学术内部支持。

r core professional value is autonomy. A law firm pays psychic compensation

when it understands and accepts that in matters of professional judgment, lawyers are their own masters. In this regard,firms should encourage a diversity of approaches,letting

each lawyer develop his or her own style of practice. Empowering lawyers in this way inculcates a heightened sense of personal responsibility, which in turn reinforces the drive

for individual excellence.

5.另一个核心专业价值是自治。律师事务所在理解和承认专业方面的判断的时候支付精神报偿。律师是自己的主人。在这方面,公司应该鼓励方法多样性,让每个律师有他或她自己的风格的实践。这样授权律师不断灌输高度的个人责任感,进而强化追求个人卓越。

y important to professional autonomy is that firms need to take care not to

impinge on a lawyer’s exercise of considered professional judgment, even when that

means refusing a clients. In appropriate circumstances, telling the client “No ”is an act of the highest professionalism. A lawyer is well-paid with the confidence that the firm will

stand behind him or her in such circumstances.

6.专业自主权的重要同样体现在，企业需要注意不要影响律师被认为是专业判断的行为，即使这种行为意味着拒绝客户。在适当的情况下,告诉客户“不”是一种最高的专业。律师有信心拿高薪,在这种情况下公司应该支持他或她。

, professional status encompasses adherence to ethical standards. Most lawyers

find self-worth in setting an example--both within the profession and within the larger society--as ethical actors. When management affirms the special respect due to lawyers

who act with the utmost integrity and civility in all of their professional dealings, it

provides yet another form of compensation.

7.最后,职业地位包括坚持道德标准。大多数律师像道德演员一样通过树立榜样（在职业和在更大的社会）发掘自我价值。当管理者由于律师们在他们所有的专业交易中都极为完整又端正地按照其专业标准行事而申明对其特别的尊重之时就提供了另一种形式的精神回报。

al pride 个人荣誉

Few of us make it through the rigors of a legal education without having a deeply

internalized sense of excellence for its own sake. Lawyers compensate themselves with

the powerful self-affirmation of a job well done. 没有深深内化卓越本身，很少有人能通过严格的法律教育。律师通过干好工作的强大的自我肯定来获取自我满足。

a matter of both compensation and reputation, an elite firm cannot afford to impede the drive to excellence, even when it’s not cost effective in the short term. This means,

for example,that firm management should applaud the writing and rewriting of a brief to

the highest standard even when a cynical perspective would suggest that the extra effort will have practical effect.

9.作为一种补偿和声誉，精英公司不能妨碍最求卓越，即使它在短期内不能见效。这意味着，例如，即使一个愤世嫉俗的观点会说额外的努力会有实际的效果，企业管理者也应该赞同制定以及改写的一个简短的最高标准。

celebrate superlative work product even when it seems unlikely to make a

difference in the outcome. Instead of kowtowing to client demands for super work at a

cut-rate price, deliver excellence and expect to be paid for it.

10.总是赞美最好的工作成果,即使这样最终似乎不太可能起作用。而不是磕着头为需要打折的超级服务的客户提供卓越以期望报酬。

sm 理想主义

Think back to law shool. Who remembers talking into the might about how to obtain the highest profits per equity partner? 回想法律学校,谁记得谈论到的如何让每股权合作伙伴获取最高利润的可能性?

memorable discussion covered things such as advancement of civil rights,the

provision of legal services to the poor, the development of a more equitable system of

taxation,the promulgation of international norms guaranteeing basic human dignity. Lawyers thirst for justice, and slaking that thirst if is an important element of compensation. Almost by definition, an elite law firm supports pro bono and public service effort,

thereby accomplishing the intertwined goal of compensating its professionals and

discharging its institutional obligations to society.

12.更难忘的讨论涉及到了诸如进步的公民权利,向穷人提供法律服务,更公平的税收制度的发展,国际准则的颁布保证基本的人类尊严等问题。律师渴望正义,而且设想是熟化这种渴求回报的一个重要元素。几乎由定义就决定了,一个精英律师事务所支持公益性服务和公共服务工作,从而实现补偿专业人士和履行其机构社会义务的错中复杂的目标。

ition 识别

Psychic compensation includes recognition, both formal and informal. Rendering such

compensation depends on management’s making just a little extra effort to acknowledge achievement. Celebrate important accomplishment and mark important milestones. On

occasion, elaborate dinners or parties are called for, but often casual events will serve the purpose. Never neglect to mark even relatively minor accomplishment with a

congratulatory e-mail or phone call. 心理回报包括正式和非正式的赞扬。体现这样的报偿依赖于管理者的对于承认成就的一点点额外的努力。赞美重要的成就和标记重要的里程碑。有时,精致的晚餐或聚会是被呼吁的,而不是通常意义的休闲活动可以达到目的。永远不要忽视纪念即使是对较小的成就发或打电话祝贺。

14. Institutional pride 机构荣誉

Finally,a law firm can compensate its lawyers by giving them cause to be proud to be apart of the firm. Law firms, as institution, can outlive,outperform and out contribute any

individual. We join firms in order to be a part of something bigger than ourselves. When

firm management commits itself to building the firm as an integrate institution,with

strong institutional values, and when the firm as an institution, belonging to the firm becomes its own reward. 最后,律师事务公司可以通过使其员工因为是公司的一部分而骄傲来回报他们的律师。律师事务所,作为公共机构,可以超越任何个人贡献。我们加入公司以成为一个比自己大的东西的一部分。当公司管理者致力于将其作为一个具有较强的制度价值整合机构建设公司时,公司作为一个这样的机构,属于公司成为对员工自己的奖励。

course, this requires management to foster a corporate identity that subsumes

individual egos--the greater good of the group must take precedence. And the firm as an

institution must meet highest standards in every area: excellent corporate citizenship,

superb client selfless public service,outstanding reputation.

15.当然,这需要管理者优化贯穿个体自我的企业形象,——必须优先考虑企业形象。而且公司作为一个机构必须在每个方面都满足最高标准：优秀的企业公民,出无私的客户公共服务,杰出的声誉。

sum, lawyers --or , at least, the best lawyers --don’t work for bread alone. And law firm --or, at least , elite law firms --cannot hope to effectively recruit or retain top legal

talent without an attractive package of psychic compensation, which means that law firm managers must attend to the same.

16总之,律师——或者,至少,最好的律师——不仅仅为了钱而工作。而且律师事务所——或者,至少,精英律师事务所,没有一个有吸引力的心理回报就无法有效地招募和留住高级法律人才,这意味着律师事务所经理必须同时加入。

Unit 2

"Light, refined, learned and noble, harmonious and orderly, clear and logical, the cooking of

France is, in some strange manner, intimately linked to the genius of her greatest men."

--Marcel Rouff, French journalist and writer

清淡、精致、内涵丰富而高中，和谐而有条不紊，清爽而富于逻辑，法兰西烹饪与其杰出国民的天赋之间有着紧密而奇异的联系。

—马塞尔·拉夫（法国记者、作家）

A CUISINE CRISIS 烹饪危机

1 What could be more French than an outdoor market on a sunny Sunday morning? The air is

filled with vital scents from the herbs and fruits and vegetables piled high in the greengrocers'

creative geometrics. A whiff of the Atlantic blows off the oysters on the fishmongers' bed of ice.

Wild game--hare, venison, boar--hangs from the butchers' racks, sausages and cheeses are laid

out to savor and smell.

1有什么比晴朗的星期日早晨的一个户外市场更具法国特？空气中弥漫着香草和 水果散发出的气味，而且这些水果被水果商摆成各种有创意的图形。鱼贩的冰床上的 牡蛎透露着一点点大西洋的痕迹。在肉贩的货架上挂出了一些野味：野兔、鹿肉和野 猪，而一些香肠和奶酪的摆出使这个小摊更具一番风味。

2 This, you think, is the very essence of France, until you read those little signs that tell you the

tomatoes (which are really pretty tasteless) come from Moroccan hothouses,the grapes from

South Africa, kiwis from Chile and the haricot from Kenya. You can't be sure where that boar

bit the dust.

2.直到你读到那些小标识，即西红柿（相当无味的）产自摩洛哥的温室，葡萄酒产

自南非，猕猴桃产自智利，扁豆产自肯尼亚。你认为这才是法国的精髓所在。

3 The congenial quaintness of the street market, in fact, draws directly on globalization. Emile

Zola once called "the belly of Paris", the rich, ripe, smelly center of the wholesale

food business, long since moved out of downtown to a cargo hub near Qrly airport. Quite

literally, that is now where a lot of French cooking begins--and, increasingly, where the era of

great French cuisine as something truly unique and exclusive to France is slowly coming to an

end.

3.街市上那些彼此相宜的稀奇古怪的事事实上是全球化的结果。这个富裕的、 成熟的、难闻的被埃米尔.左拉称为“巴黎的肚子”的大型食品批发中心是很久以 前从市中心搬到奥利机场附近的。毫不夸张的说，这里是现在很多法国烹饪的开 始的地方，而且渐渐地伟大的法国烹饪时代（一些真正独具特并专属法国的事物） 就要结束了

4 For generations, the French have prided themselves on their distinctiveness. Nothing has

stood for France's sense of exceptionalism more famously than its cooking. Gallic talent, taste

and techniques have been exported all over the world. And therein lies part to the problem.

From the Napa Valley to the Thames and Tokyo, non-French cooks have cracked the codes of

the best French cuisine. Meanwhile, what was mediocre elsewhere--albeit cheap and

popular--has been imported. The result: Many tourists--as well as the French themselves--no

longer see what's so special about French cooking.

4 长久以来，法国人一直为他们的与众不同感到骄傲。而能代表法国超凡特、最负盛 名的就要数她的烹饪艺术了。高卢人的才智、品味和技术已经传播到世界各地，然而， 一些问题也随之产生。从纳帕谷到泰晤士河再到东京，非法裔的厨师们破解了最上乘 法式烹饪的秘笈。与此同时，其他地方一些尽管又便宜又流行但却不怎么上档次的烹 制法也传入了法国。结果就是，很多游客——甚至法国人自己——都已经看不出法国 烹饪有任何的特别之处了。

5 The decline goes well beyond recent surveys that show growing complaints about mediocre

quality and high prices--no small concern in a country where tourisme gastronomique earned 18

billion euros in 2002, a quarter of all tourist revenues. More and more restaurateurs say that

government tax and economic policies are limiting their profits, and thereby hurting their

capacity to invest and hire more staff. They have become ensnarled in the red tape for which

France is infamous--not to mention edicts from Brussels that affect everything from sales taxes

to the bacteria in the Brie.

5 最近的调查显示越来越多的人抱怨饭莱质量平平，价格昂贵，而法国烹饪的衰落还不止于此。这在法国可不足个小问题，要知道2002年美食旅游为法国创收180亿欧元,占到全部旅游收入的1/4。越来越多的餐馆老板反映政府的税收和经济政策限制了他们的利润，也就影响了他们投资和雇佣更多人手的能力。束缚他们手脚的是令法国不那么光彩的繁琐拖拉的公事程序，更不要说那些来自欧盟的规定，从销售税到布里乳酪里含细菌的指标统统都在严格的掌控之中。

6 Not coincidentally, it was the French who taught the world that water has many very different,

very marketable tastes. At the annual agricultural fair in Paris this spring, visitors not only

enjoyed sipping wines, but olive oils--one a little nutty, another quite fruity, some of them, one

is tempted to say, just a little impudent. Even table salt has its distinctions, with fleur de sel, the

thin layer collected on the surface of salt basins in the Bordeaux region, now much appreciated.

"France is one of those countries where people can leave the table full and still be talking about

food," jokes chef Yannick Alleno, 35, who brought a new star to the restaurant of the Hotel

Meurice this year. His favorite specialty: sea bass sewn with golden threads.

6 绝非巧合的是，正是法国人教会全世界，水有多种迥异的口味，这些味道都可以卖个 好价钱。今年春天在巴黎一年一度的农业展销会上，游客们不仅可以细饮美酒，还可 以品尝橄榄油。有的橄榄油稍带坚果的味道，有的水果味很重，还有一些，你会忍不住说，味道还真有点冲。即使是餐桌上的食盐也有很多花样。一种名叫“盐之花”的 盐现在很受欢迎，它是从波尔多地区盐场表层采来的薄层盐。 35岁的厨师亚尼克，阿 勒诺开玩笑说：“在有些国家人们酒足饭饱离开餐桌后仍会接着谈论食物，法国就是 其中之一。”亚尼克今年刚刚为莫里斯饭店的餐厅等级增加了一颗星。他的绝活是金线鲈鱼。

7But the real paradox of French cooking—in France,at least—is that areistic success often

spells business disaster. Starred chefs often end up drowning in red ink as they try to maintain

the high standards that made their manes.

7 然而法国烹饪真正令人啼笑皆非的是，至少在法国，烹饪艺术上的成功往往带来生意

上的灾难。星级厨师们为了保持他们得以成名.

8 Consider the value-added taxes that were "harmonized" all over Europe during the 1990s.

They benefit fast-food chains, since the tax on takeaway is only 5.5 percent, while they penalize

sit-down restaurants, whether humble bistros or haute cuisine, which pay 19.6%. When

President Jacques Chirac in 2002, he promised to reduce the tax, but such is the nature of the

new Europe that all 25 countries will have for it to take effect--in 2006. But (a starred chef)

Daguin is deeply skeptical. "If the French were under the same fiscal regime as the United

States, we'd be able to create twice as many jobs," he says.

8.我们看看上个世纪90年代在整个欧洲被“统一”后的增值税。该税有利于快餐连锁 店，因为对外卖的征税只有5.5％，而传统餐馆则遭殃了，不管足低俗的小酒馆还是高雅的餐厅都要交付19.6％的增值税。希拉克总统2002年竞选连任时曾保证要降低税率，但要使这一措施在2006年生效，必须得到欧盟所有25个成员国的同意。有什么 办法呢，这就是新欧洲啊。政府现在正采取其他一些复杂的减税措施和权宜之计试图 安抚焦躁不安的餐馆老板，并希望借此创造更多的就业机会。但是星级厨师达甘却对此深表怀疑，“要是法国人可以享受美国的财税制度，我们就能创造两倍的就业岗位了。

9 Strict labor lawsalso figure in the equation. "Our business is high-stress times and quiet

times," says Denis Meliet, a former rugby player and a passionate restaurateur from Toulouse.

When it comes to employment, "the problem in France is that we have no flexibility

whatsoever. When we're busy it would be good if, like in England, we could hire a couple of

extra employees to help out." But the law makes that difficult.

9 另外，严格限制雇工、裁员和招临时工的劳动法也拖了后腿。“我们的生意忙一阵闲一阵的，”来自图卢兹的德尼·梅列说道。德尼曾经是橄榄球运动员，现在则一门心思扑在他的饭馆上。当谈到就业问题时，他说：“法国的问题在于根本没有灵活性。如果在活多的时候能雇一些帮手来救急，就像在英国那样，那就好了。”但是法国的法律很难允许这样做。

10 Even when government regulations appear specially formulated to support the culture of

cuisine, they often "go astray". The EU's Common Agricultural Policy, for instance, is supposed

to benefit small farmers, keep them on the land--and thus, you'd think, nurture the terroir that

gives French cooking its soul, and France much of its national identity. But activist Brigitte

Allain of the Confederation Paysanne, a farmer herself, says the CAP, in fact, does just the

reverse--favors quantity over quality. "In this system," she says, "farmers are merely providers

of staples whose sole requirement (in order to receive generous EU subsidies) is to deliver the

goods according to the rules." "If our cuisine has prestige," says Allain, "it's because we have

chefs who are interested in good products. And we have good products because we still have a

type of agriculture that we call peasant agriculture9 alongside the factory farms. Notice I say

'still', because this agriculture may not last that long."

10.即便是一些看似专为扶持烹饪文化的政府规定，实施起来也往往事与愿违。例如，欧盟的共同农业政策本该着眼于小农场主的利益，鼓励他们坚守阵地，从而悉心培育赋予法国烹饪灵魂和激发法国人国家认同感的土地。但是，法国农民联合会的活动家布丽吉特·阿兰认为，实际上，共同农业政策适得其反，因为它看重的是数量而非质量。布丽吉特本人就是农民。她认为，“在这样的体制下，农民只不过是粮食的供应者，因为，(为了能得到欧盟慷慨的补贴)他们唯一要做的只是按照规定提交产品”而那些规定对于质量和口味没有要求。“如果我们的烹饪能享誉全球，那是因为我们的厨师青睐优等货。我们有优等货，因为除了‘工厂农庄’，我们仍然有一种我们称之为‘小农农业’的农业形式。但注意我说的‘仍然’，因为这种农业可能维持不了多久了。”

11As France's great chefs worry about staying in the avant-garde, with their gold threads and

miraculous meringues, many small farmers and restaurateurs seem to be fighting a rearguard

action just to survive.

11 当法国的大厨们在担心能否凭借金线和蛋白夹心的烹饪手艺来保住法国菜在世界烹饪中的领先地位时，许多小农场主和餐馆老板正在为生计而殊死拼搏。

12 The problems afflicting French cuisine are emblematic of those that plague the economy as a

whole. Like French cuisine, the French economy still holds the occasional surprise: last week

the government announced that economic growth for 2004 should be higher than expected. But

the basic problems of bureaucracy, taxes and social reluctance to change remain a burden for

everyone. "At all levels--political, social, cultural or biological--cooking is at the forefront of

the great choices that we have to make as a society," says Raymond Blanc, born in the Jura

region of France and chef of the two-star hotel restaurant Manoir aux Quat'Saisons.

12 造成法式烹饪衰落的原因同样也是造成法国经济整体不振的原因。如同法式烹饪，法国经济仍时不时有惊人表现：上周法国政府宣布2004年经济增长将超出预期。然而官僚主义、税收以及不思变革的社会心理等问题是所有人都甩不掉的包袱。雷蒙·勃朗出生于法国汝拉地区，现为四季庄园两星级餐厅的厨师。他认为：“无论在什么层次——政治、社会、文化或者生物——烹调都是我们作为法国人这个社会整体必然做出的首选。

13 Blanc believes France is still ahead of the rest of the world in the richness of its cuisine, but

for how long? "It's as if France stopped caring about its regions and what

gives them diversity," he says. France's problem isn't the lack of creativity, but rather

a political environment that stymies initiative. If you're choked by bureaucracy and

taxes, as so much of France is, "there's not much you can do," be adds. "I can open a

business in England in five days. In France it would take three months."

13 勃朗相信，就烹饪艺术的丰富性而言，法国仍处于世界领先地位，但还能维持多久呢? 他感慨道：“法国好像已不再注重不同地区的差别和它们各自的特了。”法国的问题并不是缺乏创造性，而是它那种会扼杀主观能动性的政治环境。如果你被官僚层和税收制度压得透不过气来，而这样的情况法国到处都是，“你是没有什么办法的，”勃朗补充道，“在英国五天之内我的公司就可开张，但在法国这得需要三个月。”

Unit 3

Why not seize the pleasure at once,how often is happiness destroyed by preparation,foolish

preparations.

何不及时享乐呢？太多次幸福是因为一些愚蠢的准备而消弥于无形。

Europeans Just Want to Have Fun 享受生活—这就是欧洲人

Long vacations. Lots of dancing. So why can't we loosen up? 欧洲人有那么长的假期和那么多的和舞会，我们（美国人）为什么不能也放松一下？

1 Walking across Boulevard St. Michel in Paris last week, on the night before Bastille Day, I

bumped into an old friend--an American who has lived in the city for 25 years--who told me he

was taking up the tango. When I asked him why, he suggested I take a stroll along the Left

Bank of the Seine, opposite Ile St. Louis, and so of course I did.

1 法国国庆日前夕，我在穿过巴黎的圣米歇尔大街时，很偶然地碰到了一位老友—已经在巴黎呆了25个年头的美国人。他告诉我说自己迷上了跳探戈舞。困惑之余，我就按照他建议的那样沿圣路易岛对面的塞纳河左岸溜达了一下，一探究竟。

2 It was one big party. A drop-dead-gorgeous crowd was tangoing away in a makeshift,

open-air amphitheater. Nearby, a multiethnic group was doing the merengue. Hundreds of

others were tucking into picnics by the river as a full moon rose in a cloudless sky. Much later

that night, after a perfect fish soup in the Place des Vosges, I walked into the narrow passages of

the Marais district and stumbled upon an impromptu block party. Someone had set up a sound

system on the sidewalk, and the street was packed with people--straight and gay, young and old,

black and white--dancing to salsa.

2那是一个场面盛大的舞会。在一块临时搭建的露天圆形剧场上，一大衣着华丽的人正跳着探戈舞。不远处，不同族裔的人跳着梅仑格舞。一轮满月爬上了朗朗的夜空，另外有数百人在河边心情享受着野餐。在孚日广场喝了鲜美的鱼汤后，夜已深。我来到了玛黑区狭窄的巷子，不经意间看到了一个即兴街区派对。有人在人行道上架起了音响设备，街道上挤满了人—异性恋者、同性恋者、老老少少、各族。大家跳着萨尔萨舞。

3 Europe is enjoying itself. O.K., in late July, it always does. The weekend I was in Paris, an

estimated 500,000 kids descended on Berlin for the annual Love Parade, a carnival of techno

music, dope and sex. Meanwhile, tens of thousands of families started their treks from the damp

north of the Continent to their vacation homes in the warm south. But even when the sun isn't

shining, Europeans seem to be throwing themselves into fun and festivity with unprecedented

zeal. Each weekend, central London is one great bacchanal. Cities that for reasons of politics or

religion were once gloomily repressive--Madrid, say, or Dublin--now rock to the small hours.

In Prague the foreign visitors who get talked about are not the earnest young Americans who

flocked there in the early 1990s, but British partygoers who have flown in for the cheap beer

and pretty girls. The place that British historian Mark Mazower once called the true dark

continent--and from whose curdled soul the horrors of fascism and communism

sprang--has become Europa ludens, a community at play.

3欧洲人过得真自在。是的，七月下旬，一贯如此。我在巴黎的这个周末，估计有50万名年轻人一下子涌到了柏林，参加一年一度的“爱情大游行”。与此同时，成千上万的家庭从潮湿的欧洲北部，经长途旅行前往位于温暖南部的度假屋。但即使不是阳光明媚的天气，欧洲人仍然能够以极大的热情投入到娱乐和欢庆当中。周末的伦敦市中心简直就是一个饮酒派对。节假日受宗教政治桎梏，一度沉闷、压抑的城市，如马德里和都柏林，而今也要狂欢至凌晨两三点钟。在布拉格，人们谈论的外来游客不再是90年代初接踵而至的那些一本正经的美国年轻人，而是那些冲着廉价和漂亮妞儿慕名而至的英国派对客。这个曾经被英国史学家马克·马佐沃称作“不折不扣的黑暗大陆”—从它那腐蚀的灵魂中曾迸出过法西斯的恐怖—如今却全然变成了一个狂欢的欧洲，一个尽情享乐的社会。

4 Funny. This is how the U.S was supposed to be. In a famous series of essays collected in his

1976 book, The Cultural Contradictions of Capitalism, Daniel Bell noted how the decline of the

Protestant small-town ethic had unhinged American capitalism from its moral foundation in the

intrinsic value of work. By the 1960s, Bell argued, "the cultural justification of capitalism [had]

become hedonism, the idea of pleasure as a way of life." This magazine agreed. In a 1969 cover

story titled "California: A State of Excitement," TIME reported that, as most Americans saw it,

"the good, godless, gregarious pursuit of pleasure is what California is all about ... 'I have seen

the future,' says the newly returned visitor to California, 'and it plays.'"

4 想来可笑。这本应该是美国的模样嘛！1976年出版的丹·贝尔的《资本主义的文化矛盾》一书收录了他的一系列著名的随笔散文。在书中，他指出了新教狭隘价值观的衰败如何使美国资本主义脱离了它在劳动内在价值中的道德基础。早在20世纪60年代，贝尔就指出“文化层面上的对资本主义的拨乱反正就是享乐主义，让娱乐成为一种生活方式。”《时代》周刊一篇题为《加利福尼亚：激情之州》的封面专题报道说，正如大多数人所认为的那样，“美好的、非宗教性的、集体的快乐追求成为加州一切活动的缩影…‘我已经看到了未来，’一位刚从加州回来的游客说，‘玩是行得通的。’”

5 But the American future didn't turn out as we expected. While Europeans cut the hours they

spend at the office or factory--in France it is illegal to work more than 35 hours a week--and

lengthened their vacations, Americans were concluding that you could be happy only if you

work hard and play hard. So they began to stay at their jobs longer than ever and then, in

jam-packed weekends at places like the Hamptons on Long Island, invented the uniquely

American concept of scheduled joy, filling a day off with one appointment after another, as if it

were no different from one at the office. American conservatives, meanwhile, came to believe

that Europeans' desire to devote themselves to the pleasures of life and--the shame of it!--six

weeks annual vacation was evidence of a lack of seriousness and would, in any event, end in

economic tears.

5然而，美国的未来并未变成我们所期望的样子。欧洲人现在缩短了他们在办公室或工厂里的工作时间并延长了假期（在法国，一周的工作时间超过了35小时则被视为违法），但是美国人却得出结论：只有拼命工作、拼命玩儿，才能感到快乐。于是，他们的工作时间变得越来越长了。之后，他们到像长岛的汉普顿区那样的地方度过一个人满为患的周末，并创造了独一无二的美国式的休闲理念—排在时间表上的快乐假期，即用一个接一个约会把休息日塞得满满的，好像与办公室的预约没有什么区别似的。与此同时，美国的保守派认为，欧洲人对享乐生活的渴求（真可耻！）和每年六周的假期证明了欧洲人缺乏严肃认真的态度。他们还认为，欧洲人尽早会为经济（衰退）而悔恨流泪的。

6 Why do Europeans and Americans differ so much in their attitude toward work and leisure?

I can think of two reasons. First, the crowded confines of Western Europe and the expansive

space of North America have led to varied consumer preferences. Broadly speaking,

Americansvalue stuff--SUVs, 7,000-sq.-ft. houses--more than they value time, while for

Europeans it's the opposite. Second, as Bell predicted, America's sense of itself as a religious

nation has revived. At least in the puritanical version of Christianity that has always appealed to

Americans, religion comes packaged with the stern message that hard work is good for the soul.

Modern Europe has avoided so melancholy a lesson.

6为什么欧洲人和美国人对待工作和休闲 的态度会截然不同呢？我认为原因有两点。首先，西欧拥挤的环境与北美宽广的空间造就了不同的消息取向。总体来说，与珍惜时间的程度相比，美国人更看重物质，比如：运动型多功能车、7000平方英尺的房子，而欧洲人正好相反。其次，正如贝尔所预言的那样，美国作为一个宗教国家的自我意识开始复苏了。最起码，基督教的清教教旨教义对美国人一直都有感召力，宗教中宣传这样一条严厉的训条：勤奋工作有益于灵魂。然而，现代欧洲却一直规避这条令人抑郁的训条。

7 Whatever the explanation, the idea of a work-life balance is a staple of European discourse,

studied in think tanks, mulled over by policymakers. In the U.S., the term, when it's used at all,

is said with the sort of sneer reserved for those who eat quiche. But it might still catch on.

When Bill Keller was named executive editor of the New York Times last week, he encouraged

the staff to do "a little more savoring" of life, spending time with their families or viewing art.

7不管如何解释，工作与生活的平衡总是欧洲人的主要谈资，同时也是智囊团和政策制定者研究和考虑的主题。在美国，人们使用这个说法以时总是带着几分针对那些吃蛋奶火腿馅饼的有闲人士才会表现出来的冷嘲热讽的态度。但是，它可能还是会流行起来。时任《纽约时报》执行主编的比尔·凯勒曾鼓励员工们要给生活增加一些彩，多陪陪家人或去欣赏艺术。

8 Even better, they could take up the tango.

8他们要是能学跳探戈就更好了。

Unit 4

1"I love you, Bob." "I love you, too, Nancy." It was and I was hearing my parents' voices through the thin wall separating my bedroom from theirs. Their loving

reassurances were sweet,touching-and surprising.

1我爱你,鲍勃。”“我也爱你,南希。“这是2点,我听到父母的声音通过薄壁分离从他们的卧室。他们的爱保证甜,触摸和惊讶。

2 My parents married on September 14, 1940, after a brief courtship. She was nearing

30 and knew it was time to start a family. The handsome, well-educated man who

came by the office where she worked looked like a good bet. He was captivated by her

figure, her blue eyes. The romance didn't last long.

2我的父母结婚于1940年9月14日,经过短暂的求爱。她已接30,知道是时候开始一个家庭。英俊的,受过良好教育的人的办公室里,她看上去像一个不错的选择。他被她迷住了,她的蓝眼睛。浪漫并没有持续多久。

3 Seeds of difference sprouted almost immediately. She liked to travel; he hated the

thought. He loved golf; she did not. He was a Republican, while she was an ardent

Democrat. They fought atthe bridge table, at the dinner table, over money, over the

perceived failings of their in-laws. To make matters worse, they owned a business

together, and the everyday frustrations of life at the office came to roost at home.

3差异几乎立刻发芽的种子。她喜欢旅行,他讨厌的思想。他喜欢打高尔夫球,她没有。他是共和党人,而她是一个热心的民主党人。他们在桥表,在餐桌上,在金钱上,察觉他们的亲家的失败。更糟的是,他们拥有一个业务在一起,每天的生活挫折在办公室来栖息在家里。

4 There was a hope that they would change once they retired, and the furious winds did

calm somewhat, but what remained steeled itself into bright, hard bitterness. I always

thought we'd my mother would begin, before launching into a precise listing of my

father's faults. The litany was recited so often that I can reel it off by heart today. As he

listened, my father would mutter angry threats and curses. It was a miserable duet.

4有一个希望,他们将改变一旦他们退休,与激情的风确实有所平静,但仍下定决心到明亮,艰难的痛苦。我一直认为我们母亲将开始,前一个准确的清单我父亲的缺点。背诵以至于我今天可以滔滔不绝地在心中。听着,我父亲还愤怒的威胁和诅咒。这是一个悲惨的二重奏。

5It wasn't the happiest marriage, but as their 60th anniversary approached, my sister and I decided to throw a party. Sixty years was a long time, after all; why not try to make the best of things? We'd provide the cake, the balloons, the toasts, and they'd abide by one

rule: no fighting. The truce was honored. We had a wonderful day. In hindsight it was an important celebration, because soon after, things began to change for my parents. As

debilitating dementia settled in,their marriage was about the only thing they wouldn't lose

5.这不是最幸福的婚姻,但是当他们结婚60周年的临近,我的妹妹和我决定举行宴会。六十年是很长一段时间,毕竟,为什么不尝试做出最好的东西呢?我们会提供蛋糕,气球,祝酒,他

们也遵循一个规则:没有战斗。停战是荣幸。我们有一个愉快的一天。事后看来,这是一个重要的庆典,因为不久之后,事情开始改变我的父母。退行性痴呆定居,他们的婚姻是他们唯一不会输。

6 It began when their memories started to fade. Added to the frequent house-wide hunts for glasses and car keys were the groceries left behind on the counter, notices of bills left unpaid. Soon my parents couldn't remember names of friends, then of their grandchildren. Finally they didn't remember that they had grandchildren.

6它始于他们的记忆开始消退。添加到频繁house-wide寻眼镜和车钥匙是杂货遗留在柜台上,通知的账单未付。不久,我的父母不记得名字的朋友,然后他们的孙子。最后他们不记得他们曾孙子。

7These crises would have at one time set them at each other's throats, but now they acted as a team, helping each other with searches, consoling each other with "everyone does

that" or "it's nothing;" "you're just tired." They found new roles-bolstering each other

against the fear of loss.

7.这些危机将有一次他们在对方的喉咙,但现在他们作为一个团队,互相帮助与搜索,彼此安慰与“每个人有产假”,或“没什么,你只是累了。“他们发现新的roles-bolstering彼此对损失的恐惧。

8 Financial control was the next thing to go. For all of their marriage, my parents

stubbornly kept separate accounts. Sharing being unthinkable, they'd devised financial

arrangements so elaborate that they could trigger war at any time. He, for example, was

to pay for everything outside the house, she for whatever went on inside. The who-pays

dilemma was so complex for one trip that they finally gave up traveling entirely.

8.财务控制是接下来要走。他们的婚姻,我的父母固执地保持独立账户。共享是不可想象的,他们设计了财务安排如此精心设计的,在任何时候他们可能会引发战争。例如,他支付一切在房子外面,她无论内部。谁来困境非常复杂,一次,他们终于彻底放弃了旅行。

9 I took over the books. Now no one knew how things got paid. Next I hired a

housekeeper. Cooking and cleaning, chores my mother had long complained about, were suddenly gone. Finally-on doctor's orders-we cleared the house of alcohol, the fuel that

turned more than one quarrel into a raging fight.

9.我接管了书。现在没有人知道事情是怎么支付。接下来,我雇了一个管家。做饭和清洁,家务我妈妈一直抱怨,突然消失了。终于在医生的订单我们扫清了酒精,燃料,一个以上的争吵变成了激烈的战斗。

10 You could say my parents' lives had been whittled away, that they could no longer

engage in the business of living. But at the same time, something that had been buried

deep was coming up and taking shape. I saw it when my father came home after a brief

hospital stay.

10.你可以说我父母的生活被削弱,他们的生活再也不能从事的业务。但与此同时,被深埋和成形。我看到我父亲回家的时候经过短暂的住院。

11 We'd tried to explain my father's absence to my mother, but because of her memory,

she could not keep it in her head why he had disappeared. She asked again and again

where he was, and again and again we told her. And each day her anxiety grew.

11.我们试图解释我父亲的缺席我的母亲,但由于她的记忆,她不能把它放在她的头为什么他已经消失了。她问他一次又一次,我们一次又一次地告诉她。每天和她的焦虑了。

12 When I finally brought him home, we opened the front door to see my mother sitting on the

sofa. As he stepped into the room, she rose with a cry. I stayed back as he slowly walked toward her and she toward him. As they approached each other on legs rickety

with age, her hands fluttered over his face. "Oh, there you are," she said. "There you are." 12.当我终于带他回家,我们打开前门,看到妈妈坐在沙发上。当他走进房间的时候,她哭了。我住在他慢慢走向她,她向他。当他们接近对方腿上摇摇晃晃的随着年龄的增长,她的手飘落在他的脸上。“哦,你就在那里,”她说。“你就在那里。”

13 I don't doubt that if my mother and father magically regained their old vigor, they'd

be back fighting. But I now see that something came of all those years of shared days-days of sitting at the same table, waking to the same sun, working and raising children

together. Even the very fury they lavished on each other was a brick in this unseen

structure that reveals itself increasingly as the world around them falls apart.

13.我不怀疑,如果我的母亲和父亲奇迹般地恢复了活力,他们会打回来。但我现在看到的东西是那些年的共享days-days坐在同一个表,醒着同样的阳光,一起工作和抚养孩子。甚至非常愤怒,他们挥霍在彼此在这看不见的砖结构,揭示了本身越来越像周围的世界分崩离析。

14 In the early morning I once again heard the voices through the wall. "Where are we?" my father asked. "I don't know," my mother softly replied. How lucky they are, I thought, to have each other.

14.清晨我再次听到的声音穿过墙壁。“我们在哪里?”我父亲问。“我不知道,”我母亲轻声回答道。 他们是多么的幸运,我想,对方。

Unit 5

Mantal and physical health are affected byan individual's ability to adapt to stress.

对压力的适应能力影响着个人的身心健康。

Stress and Health压力和健康

1 Stress affects everyone to some fact,approximately 67% of adults indicate that they

experience “great stress” at least one day a ors,the sources of stress,come in many

forms,and even positive life events can increase our stress levels.

1每个人或多或少都会受到压力的影响。实际上，大约67%的成年人表示他们每周至少有一天会感到“巨大的压力”。压力的来源各种各样，就连生活中积极的事情都会让我们倍感压力。

2 At moderate levels,stress can motivate us to reach our goals and keep life

r,when stressors are severe or chronic,our bodies may not be able to adapt

successfully. Stress can compromise immune functioning,leading to a host of diseases of

fact,stress has been linked to between 50% and 70% of all r,stress

in associated with negative health behavior,such as alcohol and other drug use ,and to

psychological problems,such as depression and gh all humans have the same

physiological system for responding to stress,stress reactivity varies across

addition,the way we think about or perceive stressful situations has a significant impact on how

our bodies ,there sre large individual differences in responses to stress.

2适度的压力能激励我们为目标而奋斗并使我们的生活充满乐趣。然而当压力过大并持续出现时，我们的身体或许就不能适应了。压力会危及免疫功能并导致一系列新陈代谢紊乱等病症。事实上，50％到70％的疾病都与压力有关。另外，压力也与酗酒、等不良行为以及忧郁焦虑等心理问题密切相关。虽然人类面对压力作出反应的生理系统是相同的，但是不同的个体却有着不同的反应行为。而且我们思考和感知压力的方式也会影响我们的身体对压力产生的反应。因此，个体对压力的反应是非常不同的。

3This section sill review the concepts,causes and consequences of 1 illustrates the

many factors involved in individual reactions to ,stressors,such as daily hassles and

major life events,will be thd physiological responses to stress and the impact of

these effects on physical and mental health will be y,individual differences in

physiological and cognitive response to stress and the implications of these individual

differences for health and wellness will be discussed.

3这一节将回顾压力的概念，其产生的原因和后果。图1列出了影响个体对压力作出反应的因素。首先列出的是压力的来源，比如日常口角和人生大事。然后探讨的是人们对压力作出的生理反应以及由此带来的对人身心的影响。最后讨论的则是人们对压力作出的生理反应和认知反应的个体差异以及这些差异给身心健康带来的影响。

4The first step in managing stress is to recognize the causes and to be aware of the

need to recognize the factors in your life that cause fy the things that

make you feel “stressed out”.Everything from minor irritations,such as traffic jams,to major life

change,such as births,deaths,or job loss,can be stressors.A stress overload of too many demands

on your time can make you feel that you are no longer in may feel so overwhelmed

that you become izing the causes and effects of stress is important for

learning how to manage it.

4应对压力的第一步是认清压力产生的原因和压力过大时表现出的症状。你需要知道生活中的哪些因素会使你感受到压力，并出那些让你“倍受压力”的事物。从交通堵塞这样的恼人小事到出生、死亡或失业等重大的人生变化，每件事情都可能成为压力的来源。同时有太多事要做时，压力会让你感到力不从心，甚至极度沮丧。认清压力产生的原因和带来的结果有助于我们更好地应对压力。

5Stress has a variety of are many kinds of nmental stressors

include heat,noise,overcrowding,climate,and logical stressors are such things as

drugs,caffeine,tobacco,injury,infection or disease,and physical effort.

5压力的来源多种多样，压力的种类也各不相同。环境压力源包括炎热、吵闹、熙攘的人、气候和地势。生理压力源则包括各种药品、、烟草、受伤、传染病或疾病，以及身体劳累。

6Emotional stressors are the most frequent and important people refer to these

as psychosocial include life-changing events,such as a change in work hours or

line of work,family illnesses,deaths of relatives or friends,and increased

school,pressures such as grades,term papers,and oral presentations induce stress.

6最常见和最重要的是情绪压力源。一些人也将它称作社会心理压力源。它包括改变生活的各种事件，例如工作时间变更或转换行业、家人生病、亲朋好友去世以及责任增加。对学生来说，成绩、考试和课堂讲演都会带来压力。

7Stressors vary in e stressors vary in magnitude and duration,many experts

categorize them by stressors create major emotional turmoil or require

tremendous amounts of category includes personal major health

problems or death in the family,divorce/separation,financial problems,legal problems) and

jib/schllo-related pressures or major age-related

college,marriage,career,retirement).Minor stressors are generally viewed as shorter-term or less

category includes events or problems such as traffic hassles,peer/work

relations,time pressures,and family stressors can alter daily pattern of stress

and impair our ability to handle the minor stressors of life,whileminor stressors can accumulate

and create more significant is important to be aware of both types of stressors.

7压力源的严重程度也各不相同。因为压力源在强弱程度和持续时间上都有变化，所以许多专家都按照严重程度来区分它们。主要的压力源会导致大的情绪起伏，需要进行大的情绪调整。这一类的压力源包括个人危机(如：家人的重大健康问题或去世、离婚／分居、金融危机、触犯法律等)和工作／学习危机或成长过渡期的变化(如：上大学、结婚、工作、退休等)。次要的压力源往往持续时间较短或程度较弱。这一类的压力源包括如交通争执、与同龄人／同事的关系、时间压力和家庭口角等问题。主要压力源会影响我们每天的压力状况，并削弱我们应对生活中次要压力的能力，而次要压力源的积累也可能会导致一些更大的问题出现。人们必须清楚地认识这两种压力源。

8Negative,amgiguous,and uncontrollable events are usually the most gh stress

can come from both positive and negative events,negative ones generally cause more distress

because negative stressors usually have harsher consequences and little ve

stressors,on the other hand,usually have enough benefit to make them

example,although the stress of getting ready for a wedding may be tremendous,it is not as bad

as the negative stress associated with losing a job.

8负面、莫名其妙和不可控制的事情往往会给人带来最大的压力。虽然正面事件和负面事件都会带来压力，但是一般说来，负面事件带来的压力会更甚，因为负面压力源常常会造成更严峻的后果却不能带来一点好处。相比之下，正面压力源通常会带来足够的好处从而使承受压力变成一件值得的事。举例来说，虽然准备婚礼的压力可能会是巨大的，但再怎么也不会大到像失业那样。

9Ambiguous stressors are harder to accept than are more clearly defined most

cases,if the cause of a stress or problem can be identified,active measures can be taken to

improve the example,if you are stressed about a project at work or school,you can

use specific strategies to help you complete the task on brought on by a relationship

with friends or co-workers,on the other hand ,may be harded to some cases,it is

not possible to determine the primary source or cause of the situations are more

problematic because fewer clear-cut solutions exist.

9不明确的压力源比已清楚界定的压力源更难令人接受。大多数情况下，如果能到产生压力的原因，人们就会积极采取措施来改善状况。比方说，如果你正因为工作或学习上的某个项目而感到压力重重，你就可能到有针对性的方法使自己能在规定时间内完成任务。但另一方面，由朋友或同事关系带来的压力就没这么容易理解了。很多时候根本就不到问题的主要源头或原因。这种状况下的压力更棘手，因为明确的解决办法真是少之又少。

10Another factor that makes events stressful is a lack of brought on by

illness,accidents,or natural disaster fit into this e little can be done to change

the situation,these events leave usfeeling the stressor is something that can be dealt

with more directly,efforts at minimizing the stress are likely to be effective.

10无法控制局面是产生压力的另一个原因，包括疾病、意外或是属于这类事件的自然灾害。因为无法改变现状，这类事件常令我们觉得无能为力。如果能更直接地应对压力，减少压力的努力则大有可能生效。

11 The nature and magnitude of stressors change during the life ing on your

perspective,some periods in life are more stressful than others,but each phase has its own

challenges and argue that adolescence represents the more stressful time of

c changes in a person's body and numerous psychosocial challenges must be

e provides additional mental challenges as well as financial pressures and the

pressures of living the early adult years,tremendous pressures and

responsibilities force you to juggle career and family adulthood presents still

other new challenges such as coping with declining functioning or gh the nature

of the stressor changes,the presence of stress remains consistent.

11压力的性质和严重程度的变化会伴随人的一生。一个人看问题的视角决定了他／她生命中哪些阶段压力最大，而生命的每个阶段又有着各自的经历和挑战。有人认为青春期是人的一生中压力最大的时候。这时候人必须适应身心的巨大变化。大学阶段，人又面临着心理上的其他挑战，同时也要面对经济压力和独立生活的压力。在刚成人的时候，巨大的压力和责任使你不得不兼顾事业和家庭责任。进入中老年生理机能的衰退或疾病又会带来新的挑战。虽然压力源的性质发生了变化，但压力本身都是始终存在的。

12College presents unique challenges and college students,schoolwork can be a

full-time job,and those who have to work outside of school must handle the stresses of both

gh the college years are often thought of as a break from the stresses of the real

world,college life has its own stressors,obvious sources of stress include taking exams,spesking

in public,and becoming comfortable with talking to ts are often living

independently of family for the first time while negotiating new relationships-with

roommates,dating pareners,and so people entering college are also faced with a less

structured environment and with the need to control their own schedules .Though this

environment has a number of advantages , students are faced with a greater need to manage

their stress effectively.

12大学生活带来了独特的挑战和压力。对大学生来说，学习可以是（生活的）全部，但边读书边打工的学生就得处理来自双方面的压力了。虽然一般人认为大学是远离现实社会压力的绝佳时机，但大学生活也有其自身特有的压力源，显而易见的压力源有考试、公开讲演和怎样与教授自如交谈等。学生们常常是第一次离开家独立生活，同时要处理新的人际关系——和室友相处、约会对象等。进入大学后，年轻人还将面对一个相对宽松的环境，需要培养自主安排时间的能力。虽然这样的环境有很多优点，但也为学生们处理由此带来的压力提出了更高的要求。

13 In addition to the traditional challenges of college,the new generation of students faces

stressors that were not typical for college students in the ing to the American

Council on Education,only 40% of todaydre students now work to support their studies,and

many go back to school after spending time in the working students are likely to

have additional pressures not characteristic of the typical college r,more of

today's students are the first in their families to go to may place additional pressure

on these students to s as a result of some of these factors,rates from the

American Collgeg Health Association indicated that 10% of college students are diagnosed

with another study,53% of the students reported feeling depressed at some point

during their college careers and 9% have reported considering gh more people

are receiving care for mental heslth problems than in the past,the vast majority are still not

receiving adequate sity counseling centers are typically understaffed and unable to

handle the increasing number of college students seeking mental health service.

13除了传统压力之外，新一代的大学生还面临着新的压力源。据美国教育委员

会统计，高中毕业后只有40％的学生会入学注册为全日生学习。一旦进入大学，更多的学生会选择打工来赚取学费，另一些人则工作一段时间后再到大学去学习。这些学生承受的压力比其他的大学生要大。进一步讲，如今的大学生大多是家中第一个上大学的人，这个现实将给他们的成功之路增加更多的压力。或许正是由于这些因素，大学生的心理健康问题日益突现。美国大学健康协会的研究结果表明有10%的大学生被诊断为抑郁症。另一项研究成果则表明，有53%的学生在大学期间都有过抑郁的感觉，还有9％的学生曾经想过要自杀。虽然与过去相比，现在有更多的人正在接受心理健康，但是绝大多数人仍享受不到充分的。大学心理咨询中心通常人手不足，难以应对不断增长的需要心理健康服务的学生人数。

Unit 6

What do Chinses immigrants and their descendents seek in Amerian?Read the extract below

taken from The Joy Luck Club by Amy is the story of four Chinese women born and

raised in China before 1949 and their four American-born daughters.

在美国的中国移民和他们的子孙、后代在寻求着什么?下文是谭恩美代表作《喜福会》的节选。这部小说讲述的是四个1949年后移居美国的中国女性和她们各自在美国出生的女儿的故事。

Feather from A Thousand Li Away千里鹅毛

Amy Tan谭恩美

1 The old woman remembered a swan she had bought many years ago in Shanghai for a foolish

sum. This bird, boasted the market vendor, was once a duck that stretched its neck in hopes of

becoming a goose. And now look, it is too beautiful to eat.

1这位老太太至今记得，多年前，她在上海，曾傻乎乎地出了个大价钱，在菜市上买下一只“天鹅”。这只被小贩吹得天花乱坠的家禽，曾像丑小鸭般拼命伸着脖子，企图能成为一只真正的天鹅。而后来，它果真变得那么优雅、动人，简直让人舍不得宰了吃。

2 Then the woman and the swan sailed across an ocean many thousands of li wide, stretching

their necks toward her journey, she cooed to the swan, “In America, I will have a

daughter just like me. But over there, nobody will say her worth is measured by the loudness of

her husband’s belch. Over there, nobody will look down on her because I will make her speak

only perfect American English. And over there, she will always be too full to swallow any

sorrow. She will know my meaning because I will give her this swan, a creature that became

more than what was hoped for."

2后来，这个女人带着天鹅离乡背井，越江过海，直奔美国。在滔滔的海面上，她和它，都伸直了脖子朝美国的方向眺望着。“到了美国，我就要生个女儿，她会很像我。但在美国，她却无须仰仗丈夫鼻息度日。在美国，不会有人歧视她，因为，我会让她说一口流利漂亮的美式英语。她将应有尽有，无忧无虑。她会领略我的一番苦心，我要她成为一只比期望中还要好上一百倍的漂亮的天鹅!”在驶往美国的旅途中，她轻声对那只天鹅私语着。

3 But when she arrived in the new country the immigration officials pulled the swan away from

her, leaving the woman fluttering her arms and with only one swan feather for a memory. And

she had to fill out so many forms she forgot why she had come and what she had left behind.

3然而她的脚一踩上这片新的国土，移民局便强令她与天鹅分手了。她无奈地向它挥扬着双臂，然而天鹅留给她的，只是一根羽毛。随后，她又对着必须填写的一大堆表格。她已经完全忘记了，为什么她要千里迢迢来到美国，还有，在自己身后，她舍弃的又是什么。

4 Now the woman was she had a daughter who grew up speaking only English and

swallowing more Coca-Cola than a long time now the woman had wanted to give

her daughter the single swan feather and tell her, "This feather may look worthless, but it comes

from afar and carries with it all my good intentions. "And she waited, year after year, until she

could tell her daughter this in perfect American English.

4现在这个女人已垂垂老矣。她有了三个女儿。女儿已长大成人了，只会说英语，咽下的可口可乐要多于悲伤。好久以来，这个老妇一直想把这根天鹅羽毛留给女儿，并跟她说：“这根羽毛也许看似很普通，然而所谓千里鹅毛一片心呀!”如是冬去春来，年复一年，她一直期待着有一天，她能以流畅的美式英语，把这个故事告诉她的女儿。

5 Jing-mei Woo ——吴精美的故事

My mother believed you could be anything you wanted to be in could open a

restaurant．You could work for the government and get good retirement benefits．You could be

rich．You could become famous．

5妈相信，在美国，任何梦想都能成为现实。你可以做一切你想做的：开家餐馆，或者在政府部门工作，以期得到很高的退休金。你可以不用付一个子儿，就买到一幢房子。你有可能发财，也有可能出人头地，反正，到处是机会。

6 "Of course you can be a talented child or what they call a wonder girl, too．" My mother told

me when I was nine．"You can be best at anything．What does Auntie Lindo know?Her

daughter,she is only best tricky. "

6在我九岁时，妈就对我说：“你也能成为天才。你会样样事都应付得很出的。琳达阿姨算什么? 她那女儿，只不过心眼多一点而已。”

7 America was where all my mother's hopes lay. She had come here after losing

everything: her mother and father, her home, her first husband, and two daughters,

twin baby girls. But she never looked back with regret. There were so many ways

for things to get better.

7妈将一切希望都寄托在美国这片土地上。她丧失了一切：双亲、家园、她的前夫和一对孪生女儿，但她从不悔恨过往。眼前，她有太多的打算，以便将生活安排得更好。

8 We didn't immediately pick the right kind of prodigy. At first my mother thought I

could be a Chinese Shirley Temple. We'd watch Shirley's old movies on TV as though they were training films. My mother would poke my arm and say, "Ni kan. You watch." And I would see Shirley tapping her feet, or singing a sailor song, or pursing her lips into a

very round O while saying "Oh, my goodness."

8至于我将成为哪方面的天才，我妈并不急于立时拍板定案。起初，她认为我完全可以成为一个中国的秀兰·邓波儿。我们看电视里秀兰·邓波儿的旧片子，好像当做培训片来看一样。每每这时，妈便会抬起我的手臂往屏幕频频挥动：“你看，”——这用的是汉语。而我，也确实看见秀兰在跳踢踏舞，或在演唱一支水手歌，有时，则将嘴唇撅成个圆圆的“O”字，说一声“哦，我的上帝。”

9" Ni kan," my mother said, as Shirley's eyes flooded with tears. "You already know how. Don't need talent for crying!"

9当屏幕上的秀兰双眼满噙着晶莹的泪珠时，妈又说了：“你看，你早就会哭了。哭不需要什么天分!”

10 Soon after my mother got this idea about Shirley Temple, she took me to the beauty

training school in the Mission District and put me in the hands of a student who could

barely hold the scissors without shaking. Instead of getting big fat curls, I emerged with

an uneven mass of crinkly black fuzz. My mother dragged me off to the bathroom and

tried to wet down my hair,as if I had done this on purpose.

10立时，妈有了培养目标了。她把我带到附近一家美容培训班开办的理发店，把我交到一个学员手里。这个学生，甚至连剪刀都拿不稳，经她一番折腾，我的头发没有变成一头漂亮的卷发，反而成了一堆稀浓不均的黑鬈毛。妈将我拽出来，拉到卫生间，企图把我的头发弄湿再弄直，仿佛我是故意和她作对似的。

11The instructor of the beauty training school had to lop off these soggy clumps to make my hair even again. "Peter Pan is very popular these days" the instructor assured my

mother. I now had bad hair the length of a boy's, with curly bangs that hung at a slant two inches above my eyebrows. I liked the haircut, and it made me actually look forward to my future fame.

11美容培训班的指导老师不得不亲自出马，再操起剪刀来把我头上那湿漉漉的一团团剪掉。“彼得·潘的式样，近日是非常流行的，”那位指导老师向妈吹嘘着。我的头发，已剪成个男孩子样，前面留着笔直的刘海，离我眉毛两英寸高。我挺喜欢这个发型，它令我确信，我将前途无量。

12 In fact, in the beginning I was just as excited as my mother, maybe even more so. I

pictured this prodigy part of me as many different images, and I tried each one on for size. I was a dainty ballerina girl standing by the curtain, waiting to hear the music that

would send me floating on my tiptoes. I was like the Christ child lifted out of the straw

manger, crying with holy indignity. I was Cinderella stepping from her pumpkin carriage with sparkly cartoon music filling the air.

12确实刚开始，我跟妈一样兴奋，或许要更兴奋。我憧憬着自己各种不同的天才形象，犹如一位已在天幕一侧摆好优美姿势的芭蕾舞演员，只等着音乐的响起，即踮起足尖翩然起舞。我就像降生在马槽里的圣婴，带着神圣而羞辱的哭声；我就是从南瓜马车上下来的灰姑娘，周围回响着动听的卡通音乐.

13In all of my imaginings I was filled with a sense that I would soon become perfect: My mother and father would adore me. I would be beyond reproach. I would never feel the

need to sulk, or to clamor for anything.

13反正我觉得，我很快就会变得十分完美：父母会称赞我，我再不会挨骂，我 会应有尽有，不用为着没有能得到某样心仪的东西而赌气不快。

14But sometimes the prodigy in me became impatient. "If you don't hurry up and get me out of

here, I'm disappearing for good," it warned. "And then you'll always be nothing."

14然而看来，天才本身对我，颇有点不耐烦了：“你再不成才，我就走了，再 也不来光顾你了，”它警告着，“这一来，你就什么也没有了。”

15Every night after dinner my mother and I would sit at the Formica topped kitchen table. She

would present new tests, taking her examples from stories of amazing children that she read in

Ripley's Believe It or Not or Good Housekeeping, Reader's digest, or any of a dozen other magazines she kept in a pile in our bathroom. My mother got these

magazines from people whose houses she cleaned. And since she cleaned many houses

each week, we had a great assortment. She would look through them all, searching for

stories about remarkable children.

15每天晚饭后，我和妈就坐在厨房桌边，她每天给我作一些新的智力测试，这些测试题目，是她从《信不信由你》、《好管家》、《读者文摘》等杂志里收罗来的。我们的浴室里有一大堆这样的旧杂志，那是妈从她做清洁工的那些住户家里要来的。每周，她为好几户住户做清洁工。因此这里有各式各样的旧杂志，她从中搜寻着各种有关天才孩子的故

事。

16 The first night she brought out a story about a three-year-old boy who knew the

capitals of all the states and even the most of the European countries.A teacher was

quoted as saying that the little boy could also pronounce the names of the foreign cities

correctly.

16开始这种测试的当晚，她就给我讲了一个三岁神童的故事，他能熟练地背出各州的首府，甚至大部分欧洲国家的名字。另一位教师证明，这小男孩能准确无误地拼出外国城市的名字。

17"What's the capital of Finland?” my mother asked me, looking at the story.

17“芬兰的首都是哪儿?”于是，母亲看着杂志上的故事开始问我了。

18All I knew was the capital of California, because Sacramento was the name of the

street we lived on in Chinatown. "Nairobi!" I guessed, saying the most foreign word I

could think of. She checked to see if that might be one way to pronounce Helsinki before showing me the answer.

18天呀，我只知道加州的首府!因为我们在唐人街上住的街名，就叫萨克拉门托。“内罗毕!”只能瞎蒙了，我冒出一个莫名其妙的，所能想象得出的最奇特的外国名字。在告诉我答案之前，她开始查，试图弄清楚这是不是“赫尔辛基”的另一种读法。

19The tests got harder - multiplying numbers in my head, finding the queen of hearts in a deck

of cards, trying to stand on my head without using my hands, predicting the daily

temperatures in Los Angeles, New York, and London.

19测试的题目越来越复杂了：心算乘法，在一副扑克牌里抽出红心皇后，不用手而用头做倒立动作，预测洛杉矶、纽约和伦敦的气温。

20One night I had to look at a page from the Bible for three minutes and then report

everything I could remember. "Now Jehoshaphat had riches and honor in hat's all I remember, Ma," I said.

20还有一次，妈让我读三分钟《圣经》，然后说出我所读过的内容。“现在，约沙法有丰厚的财富和荣誉„妈，我只记得这一句。”我说道。

21And after seeing, once again, my mother's disappointed face, something inside me began to die. I hated the tests, the raised hopes and failed expectations. Before going to bed

that night I looked in the mirror above the bathroom sink, and I saw only my face staring back - and understood that it would always be this ordinary face - I began to cry. Such a

sad, ugly girl! I made high - pitched noises like a crazed animal, trying to scratch out the face in the mirror.

21再次看到妈失望的眼神之后，我内心对成才的激动和向往，也消失了。我开始憎恨这样的测试，每一次都足以满怀希望开始，以失望而告终。那晚上床之前，我站在浴室的洗脸盆镜子前，看到一张普普通通，毫无出众之处的哭丧着的脸，而且以后也一直会是这样——我哭了。多么难过和丑陋的女孩我尖叫着，跺脚，就像一只发怒的小兽，拼命去抓镜中那个丑女孩的脸。

22And then I saw what seemed to be the prodigy side of me - a face I had never seen

before. I looked at my reflection, blinking so that I could see more clearly. The girl

staring back at me was angry, powerful. She and I were the same. I had new thoughts,

willful thoughts - or rather, thoughts filled with lots of won'ts. I won't let her change me, I promised myself. I won't be what I'm not.

22随后，我似乎发现了自己真正天才的一面，眨眨眼睛，我清楚地看着镜中的女孩，她愤怒又强大，这个女孩就是我。此时我有了一个新的顽固的念头，或者说一个要（对母亲）说很多“不”的念头。我就是我，我不愿让她来任意改变我。我向自己起誓，我要永远保持原来的我。

Unit 7

Of all ruins ,that of a fine man is the saddest.

The Bum流浪汉

William Somerset Maugham 威廉·萨默塞特·毛姆

1 I had come to Vera Cruz from Mexico City to catch one of the Ward Company's white cool

ships to Yucatan;and found to my dismay that, a dock strike having been declared over-night,

my ship would not put in. I was stuck in Vera Cruz.

1我从墨西哥城来到维拉克鲁斯，打算搭乘沃德公司的白凉船去尤卡坦州，却沮丧地发现一夜之间码头工人宣布罢工，我的船不能进港靠岸，我被困在了维拉克鲁斯。

2 I took a room in the Hotel Diligencias overlooking the plaza and spent the morning looking at

the sights of the seen all that was to be seen,I sat down in the coolness of the

arcade that surrounded the square and ordered a drink.I watched the people crossing the

square;Negroes,Indians,Creoles,and Spanish,the lotley people of the Spanish Main;and they

varied in color from ebony to ivory.

2我在德里琴西亚旅馆订了一间俯瞰广场的房间。整个上午就在城里观光游览。看完了所有该看的东西，我在广场周围阴凉的拱廊下面坐下，要了一杯饮料。我看着人们在广场上穿梭，黑人、印度人、克里奥耳人、西班牙人，还有来自美洲大陆加勒比海沿岸的混人种；他们的肤从黑到象牙，深浅不一。

3 My attention was attracted by a beggar who had hair and beard of a red so vivid that it was

wore only a pair of trousers and a cotton singlet,but they were tatters grimy and

foul,that barely held together.I have never seen anyone so thin;his legs,his naked arms were but

skin and bone,and through the rents of his singlet you saw every rib of his wasted body;you

could count the bones of his dust-covered feet.

3我的注意力被一名乞丐吸引了。他有着一头红的头发和胡须，那种红生动得让人惊讶。他只穿了一条裤子和一件棉质汗衫，但这些破衣烂衫污秽不堪，发出一股恶臭，几乎不能蔽体。我还从未看到过如此消瘦的人，他的双腿、他裸露的胳膊只剩下皮包骨头，透过他汗衫的破缝，你看得见他瘦弱身体上的每一根肋骨，你可以数得清他沾满尘土的双脚上的骨头。

4 He was the only one of the beggars who did not did not even hold out his hand,he

merely looked at you,but with such wretchedness in his eyes,such despair in his attitude,it was

dreadful;he stood on and an ,silent and immobile,gazing steadfastly,and then,if you took no

notice of him,he moved slowly to the next table.I had nothing to give him and when he came to

me,so that he should not wait in vain,I shook my head.

4他是乞丐中唯一一个不说话的人，他甚至不伸手，他只是看着你，双眼透着不幸，神态如此绝望，令人感到可怕。他一直站着，一声不吭，一动不动，眼神直勾勾的。如果没有人理他，他就慢慢地挪到邻桌。我没有东西可以给他，所以当他来到我面前时，我摇摇头，免得他白等一场。

5 Buthe paid no stood in front of me,for as long as he stood at the other

tables,looking at me with tragic eyes.I have never seen such a wreck of was

something terrifying in his did not look quite length he passed on.

5但他却无视这一点。他站在我面前，停留时间和在其他桌子前一样长，他用悲伤的双眼看着我，我从来没有看到过如此衰败的人。他的外表有种令人恐惧的东西，而且他看起来神志不清。最后他走开了。

6 It was still very hot,towards evening a breath of air coming in through the windows tempted

me into the plaza.I saw once more that stange,red-bearded fellow and watched him stand

motionless,with the crushed and piteous air,before one table after did not stop before

nime.I supposed he remembered me from the morning and having failed to get anything from

me then thought it useless to try again.

6天还是很热，快到傍晚的时候，有一丝风透过窗户吹了进来，诱使我来到了广场。我再次看到了那个奇怪的红胡子家伙，看着他一动不动地站在桌子面前，一桌接一桌地走，显得颓丧又可怜。他没有在我的桌子前停留，我猜他从早晨开始就记住我了，因为没有从我这里要到东西，便觉得再来也是无用。

7 Since there was nothing else to do,I stayed on till the thinning cromd suggested it was

bed-time.I had suddenly a strange feeling that I had seen him before.I felt sure that I had come

across him,but when and where I could not tell.

7既然无事可做，我便在广场待着，直到渐渐稀疏的人暗示我就寝时间到了。我突然有一种奇怪的感觉我以前见过他。我确信我见过他，但我说不清是在什么时候和什么地方。

8 I spent my second day at Vera Cruz as I had spent the I watched for the coming of

the red-haired beggar,and as he stood at the tables near mine I examined him with attention.I

felt certain now that I had seen him somewhere.I even felt certain that I had known him and

talked to him,but I still could recall none of the more he passed my table

without stopping and when his eyes met mine I looked in them for some gleam of

g. I racked my brains.I went over in my mind the possible occasions when I

might have met to be able to place min exasperated me as it does when you try to

remerber a name that is on the tip of your tongue and yet eludes day wore on.

8我在维拉克鲁斯度过的第二天和第一天差不多。但我留意着红头发乞丐的到来，而当他站在我附近的桌边时，我用心打量了他。我现在确信我在哪里见过他，我甚至确信我认识他，还和他说过话，但是仍然想不出是在什么场合。他再次经过我的桌子，依然没有停留。当他的目光和我的相遇时，我在他的眼中寻往事记忆的流露，但还是什么也没

有。我绞尽脑汁，在脑海里反复搜寻我可能遇见他的场合。因为想不起能和他对上号的任何场合，我非常恼火，这就和你竭力想记起一个就在嘴边的姓名却怎么也想不起的时候一样。这一天在慢慢地过去。

9 It was Sunday and the plaza was more crowded than ever,As usual the red-haired beggar

came along,a terrifying figure in his was standing in front of a table only two from

mine,without a I saw the policeman who at intervals tried to protect the public

from the importunities of all these beggars sneak round a column and give him a resounding

whack with his thin body winced,but he made no protest and showed no

cruel stripe had whipped my memory and suddenly I remembered.

9这天是星期天，广场上比往常拥挤。红发乞丐像往常一样走来，形象可怕，一言不发。他站在离我只有两张桌子距离的另一张桌子前面，没有任何手势。接着我看到一名警察，他不时地出现以保护大家免受乞丐纠缠强乞之苦。这名警察从柱子后面溜出来，用他的皮鞭使劲抽了红发乞丐一下，清脆而响亮。他瘦弱的身体退缩了一下，但是他没有表示反抗，也没有表现出怨恨。残忍的鞭子打开了我的记忆之门，我突然想起来了。

10 Not his name;that escaped me still,but everything must have recognized me,for I

have not changed very nuch in twenty years,and that was why after that first morning he had

never paused in front of my ,it was twenty years since I had known him.I was

spending a winter in Rome and every evening I used to dine in a restaurant in the Via Sistina

where you got excellent macaroni and a good bottle of was frequented by a little band

of English and American art students,and one or two writers;and we used to stay late into the

night engaeed in interminable arguments upon art and was only a boy then,he

could not have been more than 22;and with his blue eyes,straight nose,and red hair he was

pleasing to look at.I remembered that he spoke a great deal of Central America,he had had a job

with the American Fruit Company,but had thrown it over because he wanted to be a

was not popular among us because he was arrogant and we were none of us old enough to take

the arrogance of youth with thought us poor fish and did not hesitate to tell us

would not show us his work,because our praise meant nothing to him and he despised our

censure,his vanity was enormous.

10不是他的名字，那名字我还是没想起来，但除此之外我全想起来了。他肯定已经认出我了，因为这20年来我没有太大的变化，而这正是第一个上午之后他再也没有在我的桌子前停留原因。是的，我认识他有20年了。那是个冬季，我在罗马。每天晚上，我总在西斯蒂娜路上的一家餐馆吃饭，在那里你可以品尝到优质的通心粉和上好的葡萄酒。一英国和美国的文科大学生，还有一两位作家，经常光顾这家饭店。我们经常就艺术和文学话题展开无休止的争论，直到深夜。他那时只是个大男孩，不超过22岁。他长得很好看，蓝眼睛、高鼻梁、红头发。我记得他讲过很多中美洲的事情，他在美国水果公司有一份工作，但放弃了，因为他想成为一名作家。他在我们这人中不太有人缘，因为他傲慢。而我们中间没有一个人年长到有足够的宽容来接受他的傲慢。他认为我们是些愚蠢又可怜的人，而且还会毫无顾忌地告诉我们。他不愿意给我们看他的作品，因为我们的赞美对他毫无意义，他也蔑视我们的批评，非常自负。

11 I recalled his high spirits,his vitality,his confidence in the future,and his

was impossible that it was the same man,and yet I wassure of it.I stood up,paid for my

drink,and went out into the plaza to find thoughts were in a turmoil.I was aghast.I

could never have imagined that he was reduced to his frightful misery.I asked myself what had

hopes deferred had broken the dust?Iasked myself if nothing could be done.I

walded round the light was waning and I was afraid I had lost I passed the

church and was him sitting on the steps.I went up to him.

11我回想起那时他高涨的情绪、他的活力、他对未来的信心，还有他的冷漠。这个红发乞丐就是他，这怎么可能？然而我确信就是他。我起身付了账，走进广场去他。我的思绪一片混乱。我感到惊恐。我真想不到他会沦落到这般可怕的悲惨境地。我问自己发生了什么事，是什么样的希望迟迟不能实现摧毁了他的精神，是什么样的失意将他击垮，是什么样的幻想破灭将他逼向屈辱?我问自己是否已经无计可施。我绕着广场走着。天渐渐暗了下来，我担心会不到他。接着，我在经过教堂时，看见他坐在教堂的台阶上，于是我向他走去。

12 “Do you remember Rome?”I said.

12“你记得罗马吗?”我说道。

13 He did not did not took no more notice of me than if I were not standing

before him.I did not know what to do.I took a yellow-backed note out of my pocket and pressed

it in his hand,he did not give it a his hand moved a little,the thin claw-like fingers

closed on the note and scrunched it up;he made it into a little ball and then flicked it into the air

so that it fell among the jangling buzzards.I turned my head instinctively and saw one of them

seize it in his beak and fly off followed by two others screaming behind I looked back

the man was gone.

13他一动不动，也不回答。他看都不看我，就好像我没有站在他面前一样。我不知道该怎么办了。我从口袋里掏出一张黄背面的钞票，塞在他一只手里，他看也没看。但他的那只手微微动了动。那瘦得像爪子一样的手指收拢后握住钞票把它揉成一团，然后仍向空中，正好落在一聒噪不安的之中。我本能地一扭头，看见一只叼住钞票飞走了，另外有两只跟在后面尖叫着飞过。当我回过头来时，人已经不见了。

14 I stayed three more days in Vera Cruz.I never saw him again.

14我在维拉克鲁斯又待了三天，但再也没见到他。

Unit 8

An Intelligent Transportation System(ITS) is a complex engineering design in which sensors

are embedded in roads collecting traffic information data are transmitted to a central

computer via the web which also connects all the analysis of the data will help

reduce the frustration and danger in traveling and manage traffic and traffic-related

emergencies.

智能交通系统是一套复杂的技术设计，在该系统中，传感器嵌在道路之内用于搜集交通信息。这些数据通过网络被传送到一台中央计算机上，网络还把所有传感器连接起来。这样进行数据分析有助于减少旅行困难和风险，也有助于管理交通和与交通相关的紧急

事件。

Intelligent Transportation System—ITS 智能交通系统

Scott Franke 斯科特·弗兰克

1 Personal transportation is truly a marvel of the twentieth es in many fields of

technology have made automobiles and channels of transportation available to almost

r,the freeways in major cities,on which so many people depend for getting them

to work or school every day,were not designed for the amount of traffic they are now required

to e of this there are many problems with heavy traffic and we experience

difficulty in quickly responding to problems that occur.

1个人交通工具确实是20世纪的一大奇迹。许多技术领域的进步使得几乎每个人都能汽车和采用其他交通工具。在一些大城市，许多人每天依赖高速公路上班或上学，但是，这些路的设计流量已经不能承载现在的需要，交通的繁忙产生了许多问题，而我们对突发问题却难以做出快速反应。

2 Even with the technology embedded in today's automobiles,driving can be a frustrating and

potentially deadly is especially true in large metropolitan cities,where the

criss-crossing network of highways creates an amazingly complex system,just waiting for

something to go things will go wrong,there's no avoiding that,the system depends

on far too many elements.

2即使借助当今汽车所配置的技术，驾驶汽车仍有可能是令人烦躁并具有潜在致使性的经历。尤其是在大都市里，纵横交错的高速公路网络缔造了复杂得令人诧异的系统，随时都可能出问题。而且问题的确不可避免，因为该系统依赖于太多的因素。

3 However,there are still things that can be done to minimize the risk and effects of the

lly the solution for reducing traffic has been to widen ,this

merely postpones the problem;the number of people and cars on freeways will continue to

increase.A national program called Intelligent Transportation System(ITS) attempts to solve

these problems through engineering and achieves this by combining the

hardware,software,and networking necessary to gather,process,and distribute information

importand to the parties involved.

3然而，在尽量减少风险和事故的影响方面我们仍然大有可为。要减少交通流量，一般的解决办法就是拓宽高速公路。但是，这仅仅是暂时缓解矛盾；公路上的人数和车辆数将继续增加。一项被称为智能交通系统（ITS）的国家计划试图通过工程技术来解决这些问题。ITS为达到这一目标，结合了硬件、软件和网络，用于收集、处理和向有关方面发布重要的信息。

4 The official goals of all ITS organizations are to improve the safety and efficiency of traveling

on city are serious issues and have an effect on citizens of large cities on a daily

there is an accident on the road,the response time of medical services is extremely

s can make the difference between life and death;Emergency Medical

Service(EMS) need to be on the scene right after the accident has the system is

integrated into the transportation infrastructure so thatEMS is alerted within seconds of a traffic

accident,many lives can be saved.

4所有ITS机构的官方目标是发送城市高速公路上的行驶安全和效率。这些问题很严重，并且每天都对大城市的市民产生影响。当路上发生意外事故时，医疗服务的响应时间极其重要，几秒钟之差就可以造成生死之别。一旦发生意外，紧急医疗服务（EMS）必须马上赶到现场。如果把该系统融入交通基础设施，使得EMS在交通意外发生后的几秒种内收到警报，那么许多人就能得救。

5 The next step to make transportation safer is to reduce the risks that can cause such

includes reducing traffic congestion,chearing accidents more quichly,and

routinely checking the transportation channels for dangerous areas or problem

is that it would require a massive workforce to successfully implement this sort of program in a

major city like Los Angeles.

5使运输系统更为安全的下一个步骤是减少可引发此类事故的风险，包括减少交通堵塞、更迅速地清理交通事故现场、并定期检查运输渠道是否存在危险地带或是否有障碍物。问题是在洛杉矶这样的大城市，要成功实施这样的计划需要大量的劳力。

6Luckily,there is a better proposes to work towards solving these problems

through the application of does this by combining sensors to gather important

information about traffic and accidents,a data network to transfer that information,and a base of

operations with mainframe computers to process and distribute this network

of sensors and computers can provide instant and comprehensible access to a large set of

complicated data.

6幸运的是，解决这个问题有一个更好的办法。ITS倾向于通过技术的应用来逐渐解决这些问题。为实现这一设想，ITS综合运用几个步骤：先用传感器收集交通及交通事故的重要信息，然后将其通过数据网络传输，最后通过大型计算机中央处理器作为操作基础处理、分发这些信息，这具由传感器和计算机组成的网络为人们获取大量的复杂数据提供即时、简易的途径。

7 To understand how an ITS system would operate,it is helpful to look at how all the parts work

,there is the information gathering ,many cameras and sensors around

the whole city study and collect data 24 hours a data can be visual or infrared images

of traffic,or electronic sensors that measure traffic speed and density.

7要了解ITS系统如何运作，就得看看各个部分如何一起工作。首先是信息收集阶段，在这一阶段，遍布整个城市的照相机和传感器全天候24小时调查、收集数据。这些数据既有交通状况的视觉或红外图像，也有电子感应器测量出的交通速度和密度。

8 It is important for the computers and engineers studying the data that the visual images be not

only clear and crisp,but that the visual coverage of the freeway is as complets as an

accident happens on a part of the road that is not visible,the whole system is pretty much

ed cameras can provide information that a conventional visible light camera might

siss,however,they also require different processing than regular cameras.

8对于研究数据的计算机和工程技术人员来说，不仅图像要清晰明了，而且视野也要尽可能完整地覆盖高速公路，这些都很重要。如果事故发生在监控覆盖不到的路段，那么整

个系统就几乎毫无用处。红外相机能够记录传统的光感相机可能会遗漏的信息，但处理这些信息的方式也需要有别于普通相机。

9 Besides cameras,loop detectors can be used to determine traffic flow and are

loops of metal wire under the road;a small computer monitors the change in inductance in the

loop caused by the magnetic field of a metal object(in this case a car) passing measuring

the time it takes for each car to pass by and the number of cars that pass by in a given amount

of time,a computer can determine the average speed and density of traffic on the

r,these computers cannot perform a useful function without the data form the

sensors.

9除了相机，回路探测器也可以用来测定交通流量和密度。这种探测器包括埋于路面之下的金属丝一路、一部小型电脑——用来监测由此处通过的金属物体（此处即指汽车）的磁场所引起的回路电磁感应变化。通过测量每辆汽车通过所花费的时间和特定时间内通过的汽车数量，计算机可以测定公路交通的平均速度和平均密度。但是，如果没有传感器的数据，这些计算机便无法发挥有效作用。

10 Once this information-gathering hardware has been put in place,all the information needs to

be transmitted is a massive undertaking;imagine connecting a huge number of

sensors spread out over the freeway system of an entire city!For security reasons,this network is

typically kept separate from any existing networks.A wireless network is an option,but because

of the immense quantity of data that needs to be transt=mitted and the speed at which it needs

to be available,optical cables are usually requires careful engineering to determine the

best way to lay out the optical cable and space the mini-server computers that will help

combine and transmit all this data to the computers where it can be processed.

10 一旦收集信息的硬件安装到位，就需要把所有信息都传输出去。试想一下：把分布在整个城市高速公路系统里如此之多的传感器连接起来，这是一项多么艰巨的任务！出于安全考虑，这个网络通常要和其他现有的网络分开。无线网络是一种选择，但由于需要传输的数据数量之大，速度之快，因而通常只能使用光缆。我们必须通过仔细的工程测算来确定铺设光缆的最佳方式，并确定安放微型服务器计算机的最佳方式，这样才能将信息整合并送达计算机进行处理。

11 When all the data have been collected and the network is in place to transmit it,there needs

to be a central station to collect and process that station needs to be equipped with a

powerful mainframe computer and a lot of storage the data first comes in ,it is

stored in short-term memory for computer must analyze frames of

video,collections of traffic speed and density,and input from the engineers monitoring all of its

of this information has to be processed patterns or breaks in patterns;something that

would hint at congestion or an ss to say,this requires very sophisticated

hardware and software for the andlysis,storage and display of such information.

11当所有数据都收集完毕，信息传输网络准备就绪，我们需要一个中央机站收集和处理数据。此站需要配备强大的主机和大量的存储空间。当数据初次送达时，它被储存在短时存储区进行处理。计算机必须分析视频的主要内容、交通速度和密度的数据，还要分析

监测结果的工程师所输入的信息。所有信息都必须参照之前几秒钟和几分钟的等量数据进行处理，以便寻特定的交通模式或特定模式的间隙；这些模式或模式间隙会提示拥塞或事故的发生。不用说，要分析、存储、显示这样的信息需要非常复杂的硬件和软件。

12 After the important information has been gathered,the results must be stored in permanent or

semi-permanent memory for long-term having this depository available,programs

can look for problems in daily or weekly traffic analysis could show that a certain

time of the ers and workers could then instruct the system to reroute certain

incoming lanes to a different route to reduce the gly,the computer

software,with only a minor necessary input of an engineer,could do this whole process

possibilities this offers in helping reduce traffic congestion are

astounding,but it is important that the engineer is able to accurately and quickly monitor the

entire system.

12收集好重要信息后，结果必须存储在永久或半永久的存储区以便进行长期分析。有了这样的存储方式，程序可以在每日或每周的交通模式中寻问题。后期分析会显示特定路段在一天中的某段时间有几个小时会变得非常拥挤。然后，工程师和工人能够命令系统重新设定车道方向以减少堵塞。令人惊讶的是，这个计算机程序仅需一名工程师的简单输入工作，便可使整个过程自动运行。它有助于减少交通堵塞的可能性大得令人惊奇。但关键是工程师是否能够准确并迅速地监测整个系统。

13 ITS is the next level in developing high capacity transportation freeway systems that are

both efficient and United States governments is backing ITS as a more useful method

to solve the traffic problem than just building more l large US cities,such as Los

Angeles,Chicago,and San Antonio,already have systems in place that fulfill the most important

functions of ITS and improvements are constantly being worked -wide,similar systems

have been adopted in Europe,Japan,and ments and politicians recognize that

we need to make the highways smarter,not just wider.

13 ITS下一步的目标是研发出既有效又安全的高容量运输高速公路系统。美国政府支持将ITS作为解决交通问题的更有效方法，而不是修更多的路。美国的一些大城市，如洛杉矶、芝加哥和圣安东尼奥，已经装有能发挥ITS最重要职能的系统，同时系统的改进也在不断地进行。从世界范围看，类似的系统已经在欧洲、日本和海澳大利亚采用。各国政府和政要都认识到，我们要使公路更加智能化，而不仅仅是修得更宽。

Unit 9

If the supply of houses cannot be increased and the demand for them cannot be restricted,how is

it possible to lower their prices?If house prices continue to rise,affordable housing will remain a

dream for many.

如果住房供应不增长，而住房需求又得不到限制，那房价怎么可能下降？如果房价持续增长，那么对大多数美国人来说，购房只是一个遥不可及的梦。

Is Affordable Housing Becoming An Oxymoron? 廉价房是自相矛盾的说法吗？

Hal R. Vavian H.R.瓦里安

1 It seems that houses are now so expensive that no one can afford to own

course,economists know better . In the short run , the supply of housing in most areas is

more or less the price of housing is determined primarily by the demand side of the market-by how much people are willing to pay for housing. In the last few years, we have seen historically low mortgaga rates, which feed directly into housing demand. In many urban centers, where land-use restrictions mark it difficult to increase the

supply of housing, prices have been pushed up to unprecedented levels.

1房子似乎现在这么贵,没有人能负担得起一个的。当然,经济学家们知道更多。在短期内,住房的供应大部分地区或多或少是固定的。因此屋价格的,首先取决于其需求方面的多少人愿意支付的住房。在过去的几年中,我们已经看到抵押贷款有史以来的低利率,这直接进入房屋需求饲料。在许多城市中心,透过土地使用限制马克很难增加供应的住房,价格已经被推到前所未有的水平。

2Whether these low mortgaga rates have created a housing price bubble has been a

matter of debate. There is no universally accepted definition of a “bubble” in economics, but the idea is that a significant part of the demand for housing is based on an expectation of future appreciation. The more prices go up, the more people want to buy so as to

reap the gain from expected future price appreciation, pushing price up even more.

2无论这些低利率已经创造了一个抵押房价泡沫已经被争论的焦点。没有公认的定义的“泡沫”在经济学上,但这个想法是一个重要的一部分,住宅需求是基于未来的期望的感激之情。更多的价格上涨,越来越多的人想买,收获所得预期未来价格上涨推动价格甚至更多。

3 It is quite possible that there is some“froth”in the market,to use Alan Greenspan's

term,particularly on the even when the froth subsides,housing will remain quite

expensive in those anything be done?

3引用艾伦·格林斯潘的话来说，市场中很可能存在一些“泡沫”，特别是在沿海地区。但即使泡沫奶，那些地区的住房仍然相当昂贵。有什么解决办法吗？

4 Some municipalities have started subsidized housing programs that provide various types of

assistance to new unately,such programs just increase demand even

more,pushing prices fact,in an ideal market with a constant supply of housing,a 10%

subsidy offered to a broad segment of the market would simply push housing prices up by

10%.The out-of-pocket,after-subsidy price would end up right shere it started.

4一些城市已经启动住房补贴计划，为新的业主提供各种类型的资助。不幸的是，这些计划恰恰进一步扩大需要，推动房价上涨。事实上，在一个持续供应住房的理想市场，对大部分买卖提供10%的实战，只会使房价上涨10%。这种先自付、后补贴的房价政策，其结果又回到了起点。

5 If you really wanted to push housing prices down,you would increase taxes on

ous to the imposition of a subsidy,a 10% increase in property taxes would push

housing prices down by 10% .Of course,the total cost of the housing(purchase price plus the

present value of the taxes) would be unchanged,so this really does not solve the housing cost

problem either.

5如果你真想让房价下降，你会增收房产税。与强行补贴类似，房产税增加10%会使房价下跌10%。当然，住房的总费用（购买价加上税的当前价值）将保持不变，所以这也没有真正解决住房费用问题。

6 In Californis,tax policy has played a significant role in housing price ition

13,passed in 1978,limited property tax increases to 2% a year for owner-occupied

when the house is sold,the property tax assessment is based on the sale means the

new owner typically faces a significantly higher property tax bill than the old owner.

6在加利福尼亚州，税收政策在房价动态变化方面已发挥出重大作用。1978年通过的13号议案将业主自住房的房产税增幅限制在每年2%。但是当住房出售时，房产税是根据售价评估的。这意味着新业主通常面临着显著高于旧业主的房产税。

7 Proposition 13 has been called a “tax on moving”.Indeed it is,since a homeowner in

Californis is much better off remodeling than is a lot cheaper to add a bedroom to a

three-bedroom house than to buy a similar four-bedroom house because of the tas treatment of

renovations as compared with new the same reason,empty-nesters have strong tax

incentives to keep their houses,regardless of whether they need all that space.

7 13号议案被称为“搬家税”。事实上确实如此，因为对于加州房主来说，改造原有住房要比搬离原住房实惠得多。对比装修和买卖的税收费用，在原有三间卧室的房子里再添加一间卧室要比买一套类似的四间卧室的房子便宜得多。出于同样的原因，“空巢一族”不管是否需要那么多空间，税收使他们产生了很强的要保留他们住房的动机。

8 The result is that fewer houses come on the market than would otherwise be the case,pushing

prices up even more for the limited stock of housing that is course,if you intend to

move out of state,these considerations are not so California,the best thing for

empty-nesters to do is to sell their nests and migrate to seems to have become a

pretty common practice,at least in some demographic groups.

8 其结果是，进入市场的住房比其他情况下更少，房价上涨更快，因为可购买的住房存量有限。当然，如果你打算搬离这个州，就不必考虑这些因素了。在加州，“空巢一族”的最佳做法是卖掉住房搬往俄勒冈州。这似乎已经成为相当普遍的做法，至少在某些特定体中已经相当普遍。

9 So what is the answer to high home prices?Basic economics tells us that for housing prices to

fall we have to see a reduction in demand or an increase in the supply of is some

hope on the demand interest rates rise,we should see some moderation on

demand;indeed,it appears that housing prices are flattening out in some areas.

9 那么，高房价的问题怎么解决？基础经济学告诉我们，要想房价下降，我们必须减少住房需求或增加住房供给。在需求方面还有希望做到。随着利率的上升，我们会看到需求减缓；的确，一些地区的房价趋势开始趋于平缓。

10 Ultimately,the only reliable way to make housing more affordable is to increase the

a new house requires land zoned for cannot make more land,so we

either have to use the land we have more intensively or we have to build houses farther from

of these options are urban California,traffic has become increasingly

congested,putting a linit on how far away from their jobs people can use restrictions

are tight in many desirable residential areas,and political forces are aligned against relaxing

these restriction.

10最后，要使人们买得起房，唯一可靠的方法是增加住房供应量。但是，建一座新房子需要一块被划为住房用地的土地。我们不能制造更多的土地，因此，我们必须加强现有土地的使用，或者在离工作更远的地方建房子。这两个选项都不吸引人。在加州的城市里，交通日益拥挤，这就限制了人们的依据与工作场所间的距离。在许多理想的住宅区，土地的使用受到严格的限制，而且各种政治力量一致反对放宽这些限制。

11 Imagine someone who scrimps and saves to buy his dream house in an area zoned for

one-acre last thing he wants to see is his neighbor's lot being subdivided to build two

or three new only would it affect his quality of life,but,even more important,it

would also affect the value of his laws and land use restrictions are unpopular

among those seeking less-costly housing since they push up the by the same

token,once a searcher becomes an owner,he often becomes a fevent supporter of such

Pogo put it, “We have met the enemy and he is us.”

11 想象一下，有人精打细算省下钱，在一块一英亩的地皮上买下了他理想的住房。他最不想看到他邻居家的地被二次侵害，建成两三座新房子。这亲做不仅会影响到他的生活质量，更重要的是，也将影响他住房的价值。因为土地划分法和土地使用限制推高了房价，所以寻求便宜住房的人不喜欢。但出于同样原因，一旦这位寻房者成了房主，他往往变成这些限制政策的狂热支持者。正如谱戈所说的那样：“我们所遇到的敌人就是我们自己。”

Unit 10

The shortage of science and technology graduates threatens the US economy,and Washington's

help is badly needed to tackle the problem.

科技人才短缺危及美国经济，而解决这个问题急需政府求助。

America's Failure in Science Education美国理科教育的失败

1 For anyone concerned about strengthening America's long-term leadership in science, the

nation's elementary schools are an obvious place to start. But brace yourself for what you'll

depressing reality is that when it comes to educating the next generation in these

subjects,America is no longer a world fact,US students have fallen far behind their

competitors in much of Western Europe and in Asian nations like Japan and the Republic of

Korea.

1 对于那些关注如何增强美国再科技方面长期领导力的人来说，教育无疑是首先要考虑的阵地。可是你要对结果做好心理准备。显示令人沮丧，在下一代理科教育方面，美国已经不再领先于世界。事实上，美国学生远远落后于大部分西欧国家和日本、韩国等发达亚洲国家的学生。

2 This trend has disturbing implications not just for the future of the American technological

leadership but for the broader y, “we have developed a shortage of highly

skilled workers and a surplus of lesser-skilled workers,”warned Federal Reserve Board

Chairman Alan Greenspan in a March 12 address the apparent imbalance between the supply of

such workers and the burgeoning demand for them, ”Greenspan added.

2 对于美国未来科技领导力乃至美国整体经济而言，这均是一个令人堪忧的事实。美联储主席艾伦 格林斯潘3月12号再波士顿学院的演讲中已经提出警告：“目前高技能劳动力短缺，低技能劳动力已经供过于求。”而问题还在加剧。格林斯潘接着说：“高技能毕业生数量明显不足以应对高技能劳动力的需求，两者之间呈现出显著的不平衡状态。”

3 As a result, “the future strength of the US science and engineering workforce is

imperiled,”the National Science Board warned in a sweeping report issued last year.

3 而结果呢,正如全国科学委员会去年一份总结报告说的那样：美国 未来理工类人才实力将岌岌可危。

4 Global competition 全球竞争

Until now,America has compensated for its failure to adequately educate the next generation

by importing 2000,a stunning 38% of US jobs requiring a Ph.D. in science or

technology were filled by people who were born abroad,up from 24% in 1990,according to the

rly,doctoral positions at the nation's leading universities are often filled with foreign

students.

4 至今，美国已经通过输入人才的方式来弥补其在下一代教育方面的失败。据全国科学委员会报道：2000年，美国38%需要理工博士学位的工作是由外国人做的，远远高于1990年的24%，这是个令人震惊的事实。无独有偶，美国名牌大学的波矢学位也通常是外国学生在读。

5 However,because the “the global competition for science and engineering talent is

intensifying…the US may not be able to rely on the international market to fill our unmet

needs,”warns the ,as globalization accelerates,bright young Indian or Chinese

scientists may well have better opportunities at home than in the US.

5 然而，正如全国科学委员会警告：由于全球对理工人才的竞争在加剧，美国不能依赖国际市场来满足国内不足的需求。随着全球化的加速，年轻聪慧的印度科学家和中国科学家在本国完全有更好的机会。

6 The consequences of this coulD be e the quality of a nation's workforce has

such a huge influence on productivity,effective school reform could easily stimulate the

economy more than conventional strategies,such as the Bush tax er what would

happen if the US could raise the performance of its high school students on math and science to

the levels of Western Europe within a ing to Eric ek,a senior fellow at

the Hoover Institution at Stanford University,US gross domestic product growth would then be

4% higher than otherwise by 2025 and 10% higher in 30 years.

6 由此产生的影响是巨大的。劳动力素质对于一个国家生产力有重大影响，所以比起常规策略，比如布什政府采取的减税方案，有效的教育改革更能刺激经济发展，如果十年之内美国中学生数理成绩提升到西欧中学生的水平，设想一下情况会怎样。斯坦福大学胡佛研究院高级研究人员埃里克 A 哈努谢克认为：如果这样，到2025年，美国GDP会上升4%；30年后，上升10%。

7 That may not sound like Hanushek figures that the 4% annual increase alone would

be enough to offset the entire cost of America's pubile K-12 school system for the same year.

7 这听上去好像并不怎么样，可是哈努谢克指出：4%的年增幅就等于美国全年从幼儿园到高中全部公立教育计划的全部经费。

8 Science left behind 幕后的科技

Here's where the problem begins with science education:By the timeUS students reach their

senior year of high school,they rank below their counterparts in 17 other countries in math and

science literacy,according to the Third International Mathematics and Science Study,completed

in 1996-1997,the largest international study of student achievement ever

physics,US high school seniors last among 16 countries tested.

8 美国理科教育的问题就是这么产生的L美国高中生的理科水平低于其他17个国家高中生。这是1996-1997年完成的第三次国际数学和科学调查得出的结果。该调查是有史以来进行的最大规模的学业表现调查。在被调查的16个国家中，美国高中生的物理水平倒数第一。

9 Ironically,President Bush's education-reform initiative,No Child Left Behind,may be

exacerbating the problem,at least for e NCLB now requires that students be tested

just in reading and math(science tests won't be added until 2007), “some teachers are being told

to stop teaching science and get back to reading and math,”complains Gerald

Wheeler,executive director of the National Science Teachers Assn.,which represents more than

50000 science teachers.

9 布什总统名为“一个都不能落下”的教育改革方案可能让情况变得更糟糕，至少目前看来如此，这点真的颇带讽刺意味。这个教改方案只测试学生阅读和数学水平（2007年才加上科学测试）。杰拉尔德 惠勒抱怨道：“有人让老师不要教科学，于是就教阅读和数学算了。”杰拉尔德是代表美国50,000名科学教师的机构——美国国家科学教师协会的执行董事。

10 One result is that most high school graduates aren't adequately prepared for college-level

science ,the NSTA reports that just 26% of 2003 high school graduates scored

high enough on the ACT science test to have a good chance of completing a first –year college

science 's one reason why enrollments of US students in science and engineering

majors has been flat or declining—even as demand for many of these skills increases.

10 结果呢。大多数高中毕业生无法胜任大学理科课程。美国国家科学教师协会报告说，2003年毕业的中学生，只有26%高考时在理科课程取得高分，从而有能力完成大一的理科课程。因而被录取到理工专业的美国学生人数近几年呈持平或缩减的趋势，尽管需要理工技能的岗位在增加。

11 Ill-equipped teachers 教师素质偏低

The upshot:The US now ranks below 13 other countries—including Japan,Germany, and

Kepublic of Korea—in the percentage of 24-year olds with a college degree in these

subjects,down from third place 25 years don't have to be a scientist to recognize that

the status quo is a recipe for big trouble—or that reversing this slide will require stronger

federal leadership and more money.

11 其结果：拥有理工专业本科学位的大学毕业生比例，美国的排名由25年前的第三滑到了如今的第十四，落后于日本，德国和韩国。你无需成为科学家也能明白目前的情况令人担忧，而需要改变和扭转局面，联邦政府必须加强领导和投资。

12 Consider one root cause of the problem:the severe shortage of qualified science

astonishing 28% of those who teacher at least one science class in 7th to 12th grades don't have

a major or minor in science,according to Richard M. Ingersool,an education professor at the

University of er,even those who have a science degree are often teaching

outside their area of the physical sciences—including chemistry and physics—60%

of the instructors don't have a major or minor in the subjects they teach.

12请考虑一下这个问题的根本原因：高素质理科教师严重不足。令人震惊的是，再教一门以上理科课程的中学教师中，竟有28%的人不是 主修或辅修理科专业出身的，这个结果出自于宾夕法尼亚大学教育学教授理查德 M 英格索尔的调查。更有甚者，即使有些老师拥有理科学位，所教的课程也与其专业大不相干。在自然科学方面，包括化学和物理，高达60%的教师没有主修或辅修过他们所教授的课程。

13 Earlier this year,The Teaching Commission,headed by former IBM Chairman Louis

Gerstner,argued in a report that the US must pay science teachers more if it hopes to solve this

that isn't likely to happen without leadership from things stand

now,science graduates simply have too many lucrative alternatives to teaching.

13 今年年初，由IBM总裁路易斯 格斯特纳领导的教学委员会在一份报告中提到：要解决这个歌问题，必须提高理科教师的报酬。这一点没有联邦政府的有力领导是无法达成的。现在的情况往往是理科毕业生有更多赚钱的工作机会，因此不愿意当教师。

14 As America sleeps,other nations that have long since recognized the critical importance of

science and technology education to their futures are moving US has grasped this

lesson in many Olympic sports,where strong national program have been established to ensure

that America has world-class the nation applies the same approach to science

education,it stands to lose far more than a few gold could ultimately squander its

leadership of the world economy.

14，美国举步不前时，其他早就意识到科技教育对未来举足轻重的国家却在前进之中，在奥运会的多个项目中美国已经接受教训，推行强大的举国计划以确保美国拥有的世界顶尖的运动员。在理科教育方面，如果美国不采纳同样的方法，最终失去的就不仅仅是几枚金牌，而是世界经济的领导地位。