here和there用法

枉言勿语dm9911

in here和in there正确吗？

——通过文学作品看here/there用法

here/there是也是我们生活中最常用的单词，它的用法主要有哪些呢？还有，上学时老师说，它们是副词，前面不能加介词in，这种说法对吗？要解决这些问题，我们从它的词性来分析，从名著中到例句。

一、here/there 作为 副词

这个词性是我们最常用的，主要在句中主要作状语、定语和表语（主要在be动词之后，也有人说be动词后here/there为形容词），例：

1. At that moment he felt him stop moving but the weight was still there. 《老人与海》

2. “I wish the boy was here,” he said aloud and…《老人与海》

3. And so we have come here today to dramatize a shameful condition. 《我有一个梦》

3. ''for Mrs. Long has just been here, and she told me all about it.'' 《傲慢与偏见》

2. I had to sit there and listen to that crap. 《麦田里的守望者》

3. “No, don’t let’s go there. They’ll be in a stew getting ready for the barbecue

tomorrow and besides—” 《飘》

二、here/there 作为 感叹词

作为感叹词，主要常见于口语中，例：

1. Hi, there! 你好! 《走遍美国》

2. Here, I'll hold this for you. 《阿甘正传》

三、here/there作为 名词（也有的人和书上把这种用法说成是代词。）

这种用法本也是常见的，但是我们却很少去分析，尤其在讨论到其前是否可加介词in时，很多人都说不行，因为here/there是副词，特别是老师在上课上多数这样说，一直导至对许多英语学习者认为in here和in there是错误的用法；其实这是一种非常错误的说法，in here和in there 在英语作品中是非常常用的。下面分别计论一前面加介词的常见情况：

（一）around here/there, from here/there, over here/there

枉言勿语dm9911

这些词组是我们英语中非常常见的，但是很多人却很少思考和分析；他们并没有意思到around, from, over 都是介词，所以其后的here/there应该是名词。

1. And their intermarrying has made them different from other folks around here.《飘》

2. "I can't turn around here, Mac. This here's a one-way. 《麦田》

3. The dolphin look greener from there and …《老人与海》

4. Just compare me with those rag-tags over there and you’ll appreciate me more.《飘》

（二）out of here/there

这个用法也是我们在英语作品中非常常见的，out of 为介词，所以些外的here/there也是名词，例：

1. You may be getting the hell out of here, but I have to stick around long enough

to graduate.麦田

2. You crossed the line. Wheel this meat out of here. 《阿凡达》

3. Fall back now, get out of there. 《阿凡达》

（三）in here 和 in there

每当说到here/there之间能否加介词in时，很多人，尤其是一些教师总会这样说：here/there是副词，前而不能加介词，所以不能加in，例如go there, come here。这样的错误的说法一直影响着人们，所以第当出现in here或in there时，多数人认为是错误的，都说应该去掉in。实际上，in here和in there不但是正确的，而且在英语作品中是很常见的，例如：

1. "Phoebe, have you been smoking a cigarette in here? Tell me the truth, please,

young lady." 《麦田》

2. He will fool them again this morning, in there, in the midst …《独身男子》

既然这样，in here/there和here/there的用法有什么区别呢？in here 指“在这里面”，here 仅表示“在这儿”，换言之，in here表达的“在这儿，这里”比here表达的范围更小、更具体。同样，in there与 in here 的用法差不多，意思指“在那儿里面”，表达的意思比there更小、更具体。例：

枉言勿语dm9911

3. It’s cold here. 这儿很冷。（指一个较大的范围。）

4. It’s cold in here. 这里面很冷。（指一个较小、更具体的范围，比如一个房间内。）

英语文学作品中的例子更是举不胜举：

5. The field-folk shut in there traded northward and westward… 《德伯家的苔丝》

6. He's in there now with his law books finding out the law of libel. 《尤里西斯》

7. Mrs. Reed said calmly，'Take her away to the red room and lock her in

there．'And so I was carried upstairs，arms waving and legs kicking．《简爱》

8. "And stop worrying, Crookshanks will be sleeping in my dormitory and

Scabbers in yours, what's the problem? Poor Crookshanks, that witch said he'd been in

there for ages; no one wanted him." 《哈利波特与阿兹卡班的囚徒》

9. "Huck, you just wait till we get "《汤姆·索亚历险记》

10. “Dad, did you start the wash?” I shouted out my door.

“Um, no,” he shouted back, sounding guilty. “Did you want me to?”

“No, I got it. Were you looking for something in my room?”

“No. Why?”

“I can’t find . . . a shirt. . . .”

“I haven’t been in there.” 《暮光之城3－月食》

注：除了习惯上可以和以上的这些介词连用外，一般是不能和at 连用的。

所以，由上可以得出：there 除了副词，还有名词的词性，若笼统地说前面不能加介词绝对是错的，例如 around there/here, over there/here，就像home 一样，前面也是可以加介词的，如at home,或in home; 我们平常说的前面不能加介词，是说它作为副词时，前面不能加介词to，如go to there（错）。