Outstandingscien

Outstanding scientist and founder of China's space industry（杰出科学家、中国航天事业奠基人）

Outstanding scientist and founder of China's space industry

Tsien Hsueshen (1911.12.11 2009.10.31), male, Han nationality,

Houston China outstanding member of the Communist Party, loyal

communist fighter, the founder of world-renowned scientist and

outstanding of China's aerospace industry experts; served as

vice chairman, China people's Political Consultative

Conference of the sixth, seventh, Eighth National Committee of

China science and Technology Association honorary chairman,

vice chairman of the CPPCC National Committee other important

duties; Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai was awarded the rank of

lieutenant general.

Comrade Tsien Hsueshen is one of the important human

spaceflight technology pioneer and founder, is a world-class

aviation authority, air dynamics of the third generation of Zhi

profile, is the founder of engineering control theory, is the

most outstanding scientist in twentieth Century leaders of

Applied Mathematics and mechanics, twentieth Century called

him in the fields of Applied Science, in 40s the last century

has become the most outstanding representative and his mentor

von Carmen Aerospace racing together bridle to bridle in the

field, and to "engineering cybernetics" published in academic

achievement marked substantially beyond science master von

Carmen, has become one of the most rare brilliant stars and many

other fields of Science in twentieth Century the stars; Comrade

Tsien Hsueshen is the new China growth made immeasurable

contributions to the older generation of scientists Group the

greatest impact and exploits the most outstanding figures, is

the new China returned patriotic most representative national

builders, is a new China history of great people scientists;

known as the "father of space China" and "Chinese missile"

father, "king of the rocket", "the father of China automation

control". The State Council and the Central Military Commission

awarded the "national outstanding contribution to the

scientists," the honorary title, by the CPC Central Committee

and the State Council and the Central Military Commission

issued the "two bombs and one satellite" meritorious service

medal.

Tsien Hsueshen was born in Shanghai in 1911 December. His

ancestral home is Zhejiang, Hangzhou. In 1923 September to

enter the high school affiliated to Beijing Normal University,

Jiaotong University 1929 September admitted to the Department

of mechanical engineering, 1934 June admitted to Tsinghua

University students at public expense, the following year in

September to enter the Aviation Department of Massachusetts

Institute of Technology in 1936 September to study in the United

States, the United States Department of California Institute

of Technology, the world famous aerodynamics Professor von

Carmen has a doctorate, master's degree in Aeronautical

Engineering and aviation, mathematics. 1938 July to 1955 August,

Tsien Hsueshen engaged in research in the field of aerodynamics,

solid mechanics and the rockets and missiles in the United

States, and together with the tutor high-speed air dynamics

research and establish "Carmen - money" approximation formula,

which was twenty-eight years old when he became the world famous

aerodynamics.

In 1950, comrade Tsien Hsueshen began to return to the

motherland, when the United States Navy secretaries Kimble

claimed: "Tsien Hsueshen wherever you go, is worth 5 divisions,

I would rather kill him in the United States, don't let him out."

Comrade Tsien Hsueshen was persecuted by the United States

government, under house arrest and lost freedom.

In October 1955, after Premier Zhou Enlai with the United States

in diplomatic negotiations on continuous efforts, even ahead

of schedule to release 11 captured during the Korean War of

American prisoners of war in exchange, comrade Tsien Hsueshen

finally broke through all obstacles to return to the motherland,

since April 1958, he served as a long-term development of rocket

missiles and spacecraft technology leadership positions, for

the development of rockets and China missile technology is put

forward for the implementation of development of Chinese

rockets, missiles and aerospace industry has made tremendous

contributions to the indelible important scheme.

At the beginning of 1956, Tsien Hsueshen to the CPC Central

Committee and the State Council proposed the establishment of

"book" views of China National Aviation Industry; the same year,

the State Council and the Central Military Commission according

to his suggestion, the leading aviation industry committee

established missiles, aviation and scientific research, and

appointed him to the committee.

In 1956, Tsien Hsueshen was ordered to form China's first rocket

and Missile Institute, the Fifth Institute of defense and the

first president.

He presided over the completion of the "build" jet and rocket

technology planning, participated in the short-range missiles

and short-range missiles and China first man-made earth

satellite, using the direct leadership of the short-range

missile carrier atomic bomb Liangdan combination test,

participated in the development of the Chinese short-range

missile carrying an atomic bomb Liangdan combination test.

Participate in the formulation of the development plan Chinese

first star aviation development, established the engineering

cybernetics and systems science.

In the field of control science, in 1954, Tsien Hsueshen

published the academic works of engineering cybernetics, which

caused a sensation in the control field, and formed the climax

of the research of control science in the 50s and 60s of last

century. In 1957, the project control theory was awarded the

first prize of the natural science prize of Chinese Academy of

sciences. In September of the same year, the International

Federation of automatic control (IFAC) was established, and

Tsien Hsueshen was elected as the executive director of the

first IFAC board. He has also become the only Chinese in the

organization's first board of directors.

Since April 1958, he has long served as a technical leader in

the development of rockets, missiles and spacecraft, and has

made significant contributions to the development of China's

rockets, missiles and space missions. Tsien Hsueshen was vice

chairman of the CPPCC National Committee, member of the

Department of mathematics and chemistry of the Chinese Academy

of Sciences, honorary chairman of the China Aerospace society

and chairman of the China Association for science and

technology. In October 1991, the State Council and the Central

Military Commission awarded Tsien Hsueshen the honorary title

of "national outstanding contribution scientist" and "first

class hero model medal".

In the field of applied mechanics, Tsien Hsueshen's pioneering

research in aerodynamics and solid mechanics, reveals some

temperature changes of compressible boundary layer, and the

concept of the earliest in the transonic flow problem is

introduced in the upper and lower critical Maher number. In 1953,

Tsien Hsueshen formally proposed the concept of physical

mechanics, and advocated the determination of macroscopic

mechanical characteristics from the microscopic law of matter,

and opened up a new field of high temperature and high pressure.

Hu Jintao visits Tsien Hsueshen in system engineering and

system science, Tsien Hsueshen put forward the concept of

national economic construction design department in early 80s,

is committed to the promotion and application of aerospace

system engineering concept to the whole country and the

construction of national economy, and from the social forms and

open complex giant system, discusses the social system. He

developed methodologies for systems and open complex giant

systems.

In the field of jet propulsion and space technology, in 40s

Tsien Hsueshen proposed ratog, the runway distance is shortened;

in 1949, he proposed the concept of a passenger aircraft and

rocket about nuclear rocket; in 1962, he proposed to use a frame

is provided with a jet engine of large aircraft as the first

stage vehicle, equipped with a rocket the engine with a plane

as the second stage vehicle the space transportation system

concept.

In the field of thinking science, Tsien Hsueshen proposed the

creation of thinking science and technology departments at the

beginning of 80s, that is thinking science consciousness and

brain, spirit and material, subjective and objective

scientific research, promote scientific thinking is the need

of computer technology revolution. He advocated the

development of thinking science and artificial intelligence,

intelligent computer work together, and will study the system

scientific method applied to scientific thinking, put forward

the concept of system thinking; in addition, in the aspect of

human science, science and technology system, Tsien Hsueshen

also made important contributions.

Comrade Tsien Hsueshen joined the Communist Party China in 1959,

has served as director of the Institute of mechanics, China,

Vice Minister of the Ministry of machinery industry seventh,

deputy director of the national defense science and Industry

Committee, honorary chairman of China Technology Association

vice chairman, China people's Political Consultative

Conference of the sixth, seventh, eighth National Committee of

the division of physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Committee,

honorary chairman of the society of aerospace Chinese China,

people's Liberation Army General Armament Department of

science and Technology Committee of senior adviser and other

important duties; he also served as chairman of the first,

second session of China Institute of automation; in October

1991 the state Council and the Central Military Commission

Tsien Hsueshen awarded the "national outstanding contribution

scientists" and the honorary title of hero medal.

In Tsien Hsueshen's mind, the country is heavy, the house is

light, the science is heaviest, and fame is the lightest. Five

years back road,

Ten years developed." Money is always the treasure of knowledge,

the banner of science, the model of the Chinese nation's

intellectuals and the great people's scientists.