加拿大英文介绍

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Canada

Canada is a North American country consisting of ten

provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part

of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east

to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic

Ocean. It is the world's second largest country by total area.

Canada's common border with the United States to the south and

northwest is the longest in the world.

Canada occupies a major northern portion of North America,

sharing the land borders with the contiguous United States to

the south and the U.S. state of Alaska to the northwest,

stretching from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific

Ocean in the west; to the north lies the Arctic Ocean. By total

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area (including its waters), Canada is the second-largest

country in the world, after Russia. By land area, Canada ranks

fourth.

Canada has one third of the world's supply of fresh water.

There are five great lakes in the south, and there are many

others, especially in the north. Most of the electricity is

produced by water. The country has a great deal of coal, oil

and natural gas, and these are all exploited for energy. Much

of the country is covered by forests, and wood is cut and sold

all over the world. Canada is also the world's biggest producer

of the kind of paper which is used for newspapers. Fishing is

also very important for Canadians. Fish from east and west

coasts is sold to many other countries.

About 40% of the Canadian population are of British descent,

while 27% are of French origin. Another 20% are of other

European background, about 10% are Asian origin, and some 3%

are of aboriginal or Métis (mixed aboriginal and European)

background.

Canada is a federation of ten provinces (Alberta, British

Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador,

Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, and

Saskatchewan) and three territories (Northwest Territories,

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Yukon, and Nunavut). It is governed as a parliamentary

democracy and a constitutional monarchy with Queen Elizabeth

II as its head of state. One of the world's highly developed

countries, Canada has a diversified economy that is reliant

upon its abundant natural resources and upon

trade—particularly with the United States, with which Canada

has had a long and complex relationship. It is a member of the

G7, G8, G20, NATO, OECD, WTO, Commonwealth, Francophonie, OAS,

APEC, and UN. With the eighth-highest Human Development Index

globally, it has one of the highest standards of living in the

world.

The national flag of Canada, also known as the Maple Leaf,

and l'Unifolié (French for "the one-leafed"), is a red flag with

a white square in its centre, featuring a stylized 11-pointed

red maple leaf. The width of the Maple Leaf flag is twice the

height. The white field is a Canadian pale (a square central

band in a vertical triband flag, named after this flag), and

each bordering red field is exactly half its size.

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Canada's two official languages are English and French.

English and French have equal status in federal courts,

Parliament, and in all federal institutions. Citizens have the

right, where there is sufficient demand, to receive federal

government services in either English or French, and

official-language minorities are guaranteed their own schools

in all provinces and territories.

Ottawa is the capital of Canada, the second largest city in

the Province of Ontario, and the fourth largest city in the

country. Located in the Ottawa Valley, the city lies in the

eastern portion of Southern Ontario on the Ottawa River, a major

waterway forming the local boundary between the provinces of

Ontario and Quebec.

Toronto is the provincial capital of Ontario and the largest

city in Canada. It is located in Southern Ontario on the

northwestern shore of Lake Ontario. With over 2.5 million

residents, it is the fifth most populous city in North America.

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Its metropolitan area with over 5 million residents is the

seventh largest urban region in North America.

The Niagara Falls is the most powerful waterfalls in North

America. These voluminous waterfalls are situated on the

Niagara River, which drains Lake Erie into Lake Ontario and

forms the international border between the Canadian province

of Ontario and the U.S. state of New York. The Niagara Falls

is renowned both for their beauty and as a valuable source of

hydroelectric power.

Vancouver is a coastal harbor city in Canada. Located in the

Lower Mainland, Greater Vancouver is the third-largest

metropolitan area in the country and most populous in Western

Canada. While forestry remains its largest industry, Vancouver

is well known as an urban centre surrounded by nature, making

tourism its second-largest industry. Vancouver has ranked

highly in worldwide "livable city" rankings for more than a

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decade according to business magazine assessments and it was

also acknowledged by Economist Intelligence Unit as the first

city to rank among the top-ten of the world's most livable

cities for five straight years. It has hosted many

international conferences and events.

Banff National Park is Canada's oldest national park,

established in 1885 in the Rocky Mountains. The park, located

110–180 kilometers west of Calgary in the province of Alberta,

encompasses 6,641 square kilometers of mountainous terrain,

with numerous glaciers and ice fields, dense coniferous forest,

and alpine landscapes.

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