U校园新视野大学英语1读写教程答案(Unit8 )

U校园新视野大学英语1读写教程答案

Unit 8 Friendship across gender and border

Section A

8-2 Text A: Gender variables in friendship: Contradiction or not?

Pre-reading activities

参考：I prefer to have friends who can share my joy and sadness.

I'm a girl. Girls like to share their secrets with each other,

because this can bring them closer. That's why I have far more

female friends than male friends. I find it easier to share my

feelings with my girl friends because I find they are sensitive to

my feelings. I have only a few male friends and they seldom

share their feelings with me. However, when I know they have a

problem, I try to talk with them and share their feelings.

Generally speaking, I think female friends are much closer and

more emotionally attached while male friends enjoy doing

activities together.

As a boy, I may be different from you when I choose and treat a

friend. Unlike you, I like to make friends with people who can

share my life attitude. I believe friendship should be based on

the compatibility of outlook. As long as we share the same

outlook on life, I don't care if my friend is male or female. That's

why I have approximately the same number of female friends

and male friends. Of course, just as you treat your male friends

and female friends differently, I also treat them in a different

way. As a boy, I do many activities with my male friends but talk

a lot with my female friends. I love my friends and I'm happy to

help them, male or female. When a female friend has a

personal problem, I'd be happy to help her make a decision as I

do to my male friends. So in general, I think there is not much

difference between male friendship and female friendship.

Reading comprehension

Reading comprehension-1

1) His female friends look straight into his eyes, sensitive to his

feelings, and listen to him with deliberate attention.

2) Because he and his male friends don't talk much; instead,

they show their friendship by what they do.

3) They expressed their feelings in actions rather than in words.

4) He realized how much he loved Jessica and what an

irreplaceable friend she was.

5) With women, he could be open, emotionally honest, and

transparent while with men, he couldn't express his caring

feelings no matter how deep the friendship was.

6) In terms of nature, men and women are born with very

different genetic tendencies. In terms of nurture, these genetic

tendencies are further encouraged by society as either

"masculine" or "feminine".

7) Men tend to be more restrained with emotional expressions

than women.

8) Because he was assured that he was a "normal guy" and it

was fine for him to treat his female friends and male friends in

different ways.

Reading comprehension-2

1) I usually don't choose a friend. They come to me. In the

beginning, they may just be my schoolmates or colleagues.

However, once we discover that we share some values or

beliefs, we become friends. I value merits such as honesty,

truthfulness, generosity, humor, faithfulness, and most

important of all, willingness to help others. I expect my friends

to have some of these virtues, if not all. This way I can learn

from them and improve my own personal qualities.

2) Yes, they can be true friends as long as the older generation

and the younger generation try their best to understand each

other. For example, I am in my 20s, but I have made some good

friends with people in their 50s or 60s. These older friends try

their best to put themselves in the shoes of younger people,

and they are more tolerant and considerate. For me, I respect

them as they have much more experience and advice to offer.

I'm also happy to provide my senior friends with novel ideas.

They appreciate it a lot. That's how our friendship develops.

It is hard for people of different generations to become true

friends. While they may share some hobbies or interests, they

often don't have much for conversation due to different

backgrounds and life experiences. Another problem is that they

don't have the same circle of friends or peers. Most important

of all, they may not share the same values and outlooks on life.

Therefore, true friends are rare between generations with a big

age gap.

3) Men and women differ a lot in their behavior and

communication styles. While their physical differences play a

basic role, there are other factors which can cause such

differences. The following are some examples:

They have different social images and roles;

They share different values of life; and

They have different emotional and rational processes.

4) Men and women have different communication styles, and

each style is advantageous in its own way. Women like to speak

out how they feel. Their direct way of communication may help

them start a friendship more easily. For women,

communication is more efficient, especially in dealing with

difficult situations. In comparison, men tend to say less but do

more for their friends. It may take a longer time for men to

make friends with others. But once they become friends, the

friendship will be more stable because it is based on actions

and mutual trust.

5) Conflicts may occur even between good friends and we need

to handle them strategically. First, I would think about the cause

of the problem and see if I have made any mistake on my part.

Second, I would make a friendly gesture to my friend, such as

making a phone call or sending an email to say hello or

apologize. Third, if the cold war lasts, I would make a further

friendly move in person, such as inviting my friend to have a

cup of coffee or buying my friend a gift to show how much I

care about him or her.

8-3 Text A: Language focus

Words in use

1. sequence

2. relief

3. retreated

4. restrain

5. inevitably

6. tendency

7. deliberate

8. process

9. evident

10. rigid

Word building: Practice

Word building: Practice-1

1) presently

2) costly

3) deadly

4) approximate

5) namely

6) scarce

7) bare

8) edit

9) generator

10) survive

Word building: Practice-2

1. approximate

2. deadly

3. presently

4. costly

5. generator

6. bare

7. survive

8. editing

9. namely

10. scarce

Banked cloze

1) companionship

2) scared

3) determined

4) transformed

5) uttered

6) relief

7) focused

8) stretched

9) nurtured

10) steered

Expressions in use

1) in

2) terms

3) pulled away

4) to

5) relief

6) be born with

7) in a new light

8) on a mission

9) In comparison

10) make up for

11) spilled out

12) At the time

8-4 Structure analysis & writing

Structure analysis: Practice

1) A

2) B

3) B

4) B

5) B

6) C

Structured writing: Practice

参考：College life and high school life differ in many ways. High

school offers fundamental courses such as math, physics and

English, whereas college offers more specialized courses, most

of which are related to students' majors. In high school, all

classes are arranged by the school, so students just follow a

fixed schedule; in contrast, college students can choose the

courses in which they are interested and arrange their own

schedule, so their schedule is more flexible. Moreover, high

school students acquire knowledge and skills mainly through

teacher's instructions. In contrast, besides attending lectures,

college students are expected to learn on their own, and

develop critical thinking.

8-5 Translation

Translation

Translation-1

参考：作为世界上唯一一个真正具有普遍性的世界组织，联合国已经成为处理超越国界、而且任何一个国家都无法独立解决的问题的首要论坛。联合国最初的宗旨是维护和平、保护人权、建立国际公平正义的框架以及促进经济和社会进步。近年来，联合国又面临着新的挑战，诸如气候变化、国际恐怖主义和艾滋病等。现在，解决争端及维护和平仍然是联合国最主要的任务。除此之外，联合国及其专门机构还致力于各种旨在改进世界人民生活的活动，从赈灾到教育和妇女进步，再到原子能的和平使用。联合国及其专门机构推动世界成为一个更加友好、更加宜居的地方，为全世界人民带来了福祉。

Translation-2

参考：Since the founding of the People's Republic of China,

China has persisted in the independent foreign policy of peace,

and made tremendous progress in foreign affairs. By 2011,

China had established diplomatic relations with 172 countries.

Over recent years, with the enhancement of its comprehensive

national strength, China has been playing an increasingly

important role in international affairs, and China's international

status has been further enhanced. In regional affairs, China

actively promotes all kinds of regional cooperation. It has made

important contributions in maintaining regional peace and

promoting regional development. China's diplomacy will hold

high the banner of "peace, development, cooperation and

mutual benefit". On the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful

Coexistence and through all-round and friendly cooperation

with various countries, China will make unremitting efforts to

build a harmonious world of enduring peace and common

prosperity.

Section B

8-6 Reading skills

Practice

1) Friendship in the US.

2) To describe how American friends treat each other.

3) For Americans, a friendship may be superficial, casual,

situational or deep and enduring

4) Friendship in Germany.

5) To describe the characteristics of German friendship.

6) In Germany, friendship is much more a matter of feeling and

affection.

8-7 Text B: Similarities and differences: Friendship across

cultures

Reading comprehension

Reading comprehension-1

1) A

2) A

3) D

4) A

5) B

6) B

7) C

8) D

Reading comprehension-2

1) Unlike French people, Chinese people make cross-gender

friends as well as friends of the same sex. Chinese people tend

to know almost everything about their friends, including their

family, work, and hobbies.

Germans base their friendship mainly on affection while English

people on shared activity. In comparison, the friendship of

Chinese people can be built on both. Sometimes, it may be built

on mutual interests; Chinese people may ask their friends to

help with their business or work.

Chinese people and English people are similar in many ways

when making friends. But unlike English people who develop

friendships outside the family, many Chinese people have old

family friends, who are actually very close and like family

members.

2) According to my experience, it is not easy to make friends

with foreign people, especially in the beginning. First, they may

not share the same values due to cultural differences. Second,

they may like different food and sports as they come from

different ethnic groups or grow up in different parts of the

world. Third, they may have difficulties in communication as

they speak different languages. All these may be barriers to

making friends with people from other countries.

No, I have no difficulty in making friends with people from

other countries. No matter where people come from, the desire

for friendship is the same. Besides, people from different

countries are willing to share the best part of their culture. And

by talking to people from different cultures, you can always

learn something new. This way, it is much easier to strike a

conversation and explore interesting topics together.

3) I like the seemingly casual and friendly way Americans treat

their friends. For one thing, friendship is to help make our

leisure life more colorful and relaxing. There are countless

people in this world, but we can encounter only a limited

number. So it would be nice to be friendly to each other and

make each other happy. For another, intimate friendship

develops from casual friendship. We should first reach out to

offer care and support to a potential friend, and then over time

we may build a deeper friendship.

I don't like the seemingly casual way in which Americans treat

their friends. First, friendship means willingness to listen to,

care about, and help each other. If friends treat each other in a

casual manner, why did they become friends in the first place?

Second, the casual way in which Americans treat their friends

may be misleading. Not everyone can become true friends. True

friends will have mutual understanding and will do what is best

for each other. When you fail to do what you are expected as a

friend, your friends may feel disappointed or even hurt. So we'd

better take friendship seriously.

4) Yes, I like to maintain "distinct boundaries" for friendship.

Everybody has some privacy or secrets which they don't want

to share with other people, not even with their friends.

Sometimes friendship doesn't last forever, so the boundaries

may protect you from being hurt if the relation ends one day.

Besides, friendship, in my view, should focus on sharing feelings

and hobbies instead of work problems or family matters. If you

ask your friends to share your problems and burdens, it will

eventually hurt your friendship.

I don't like the idea of friendship with "distinct boundaries".

First, true friends should trust each other and there is nothing

they cannot share. For example, if you know each other's family,

the two families can become friends too. This will in turn

strengthen your friendship. Second, "A friend in need is a friend

indeed". If you have a problem at work, you can share it with

your friends, and they may be happy to help. Third, the more

you share with your friends, the more you will have in common.

"Distinct boundaries" will only undermine your relationship.

5) There are many ways to strengthen friendship. For example,

you can:

see your friends more often and talk to them whenever

possible;

give them gifts on special occasions to show that you care

about them;

be there for help in times of difficulty so that they can always

have someone to count on;

invite them to join you for outdoor activities and share the fun

experience; and

call them or send them messages regularly to keep each other

updated.

8-8 Text B: Language focus

Words in use

1) compatible

2) integrated

3) diverse

4) constitute

5) significance

6) guarantee

7) complicated

8) keen

9) enhance

10) extend

Expressions in use

1) a range of

2) back and forth

3) showered with

4) debt of gratitude,debt of thanks

5) feel at home,be at home

6) come into being

7) apply to

8) A lack of

Sentence structure

Sentence structure-1

1) Much to my surprise

2) To the general manager's delight

3) Much to my cousin's disappointment

Sentence structure-2

1) not so much to make an apology as to defend himself

2) not so much on luck as on hard work

3) not so much a discussion as a long speech by herself

8-9 Collocation

Practice

1) value

2) friendship

3) make

4) friends

5) begin

6) friendship

7) enduring

8) friendship

9) shared

10) activities

11) emotional

12) expressions

13) emotional

14) feelings

15) emotionally

16) honest

17) enhance

18) friendship

19) distinct

20) boundaries

21) situational

22) friendship

23) one-to-one

24) relationship

25) cross-gender

26) friendships

27) keen

28) awareness

29) specialized

30) interests

31) private

32) relationships