八年级上册第三第四单元知识点

一、重点短语

1. more outgoing 更外向 14. in fact 事实上；实际上

2. as…as… 与……一样 ……

15. make friends 交朋友

3. the singing competition 唱歌比赛 16. the other 其他的

4. be similar to 与……相像的 /类似的

17. touch one ’s heart 感动某人

5. the same as 和……相同；与 ……一致 18. be talented in music 有音乐天赋

6. be different from 与……不同 19. be good at 擅长……

7. care about 关心；介意 20. be good with 善于与 ……相处

8. be like a mirror 像一面镜子 21. have fun doing sth. 享受做某事的乐趣

9. the most important 最重要的 22. be good at doing sth 擅长做某事

10. as long as 只要；既然 23. make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事

11. bring out 使显现；使表现出 24. want to do sth. 想要做某事

12. get better grades 取得更好的成绩

13. reach for 伸手取

二．重点句型

1. Both Sam and Tom can play the drums, but Sam plays them better than Tom.

萨姆和汤姆都会打鼓，但是萨姆比汤姆打得要好一些。

both:

(1) 表示“两者都 ”， both 用在含有 be动词的句中，应放在 be 动词的后面；用在含有行为动词的句中，应放在行为动词的前面。

(2) both …and…表示“两者都 ”，and在句中连接并列成分，如主语、谓语、表语、宾语等， 位置比较灵活。

Both New York and London have traffic problems. (连接主语 )

The secretary both speaks and writes Spanish.( 连接谓语 )

2. Tara works as hard as Tina. 塔拉学习和蒂娜一样努力。

as...as意为 “与……一样……” ，as...as中间接形容词或副词的原级。

He is as tall as his father. 他和他爸爸一样高。

Tom gets up as early as Jim. 汤姆起得和吉姆一样早。

注意：

(1) 其否定式为 not as/so +adj./adv. +as。

Lucy isn’t as outgoing as Mary. 露西不如玛丽外向。

This dictionary is not as/so useful as you think.

(2) 若有修饰成分， 如 twice, three times, half, a quarter等，则须置于第一个 as之前。

Your bag is twice as expensive as mine. 你的包比我的贵一倍。

3. You can tell that Lisa really wanted to win, though. 不过，你能看得出来，丽萨确实想赢。

win 此处用作不及物动词，意为 “赢；获胜 ”。

win 还可用作及物动词，意为 “赢得；在……中获胜 ”，此时其后的宾语为比赛的项目、奖品或战 争等。

He won the first prize.

Who won the race？

辨析：win 与 beat

① win 表示“赢得；获胜 ”，用作及物动词时，其宾语为比赛的项目、奖品或战争等。

We won the basketball game.

② beat表示“打赢；战胜 ”，用于比赛时，其宾语为所战胜的对手。

Li Lei beat all the runners in the 100-metre race.

(2) though此处作副词，意为 “不过；可是；然而 ”，通常用于句末，前面用逗号与句子隔开。

Jim said that he would come; he didn’t, though.

拓展：though作连词，意为 “虽然；尽管 ”，相当于 although。

Though he has no money, he lives very happily.

注意：although/though与 but 不能同时出现在一个句子中。

Though he has no money, he lives very happily. =He has no money, but he lives very happily.

4. But the most important thing is to learn something new and have fun.

但是最重要的是学到一些新东西并获得乐趣。

(1) the most important意为“最重要的 ”，是 important 的最高级形式。important 的比较级为 more important，形容词的最高级形式前必须有定冠词 the。

I think English is the most important of all the subjects.

The most important thing is to work hard.

(2) have fun意为“获得乐趣；玩得高兴 ”。

It ’s a good place to have fun.

拓展：have fun doing sth.意为“做某事很有趣 ”。

Did you have fun visiting that country？

5. I think a good friend makes me laugh. 我认为好朋友会让我发笑。

(1) make sb. do sth.意为“让某人做某事 ”

His father always makes him get up before five o ’clock.

拓展：make 的用法：

① make加名词

make food 做饭

make the bed 铺床

make money 赚钱

② make + sb./sth. + adj. 使某人感到 ……；使……处于某种状态

The soft music makes Tina sleepy.

③ make sb./sth. + n. 使某人成为 ……

The party made her a good teacher.

④ make sb./sth. + 过去分词 让某人被 ……

I made myself understood by all the students.

⑤ make sb./sth. + do sth. 使某人做某事 (不能带不定式符号 to)

Wars make the peace go away.

注意：当 make用于被动语态时，必须带不定式符号 to.

We were made to work all night.

I was made to repeat the story.

(2) 辨析：laugh与 smile

① laugh一般表示 “出声地 (大)笑”，不但有面部表情，而且还有声音。

意为“嘲笑……；因……而发笑 ”。

Don ’t laugh when you have a meal.

② smile一般表示 “无声地微笑 ”，指的是面部表情。

意为“向……微笑”。

He smiled at me.

6. Yes, and a good friend is talented in music, too.

talented为形容词，意为 “有才能的，有才干的 ”，其比较级形式为 more talented。be talented in为固定搭配，表示

“在……方面有天赋 ”。

She is a talented musician. 她是一名天才音乐家。

The boy is talented in dancing. 这个男孩很有舞蹈天赋。

7. I ’m quieter and more serious than most kids. 我比大多数的孩子更文静更稳重。

serious为形容词，意为 “严肃的；稳重的 ”。

My math teacher is very serious in class.

拓展：

① nothing serious意为 “没有什么严重的 ”。

② be 意为“对……认真”。

Is she serious about giving up her job？

8. That ’s why I like reading books and studying harder in class.

那就是我在课堂上喜欢读书、学习更刻苦的原因。

That’ 意为“那就是 ……的原因 ”，why 引导的句子作表语，是表语从句。

That ’s why I don ’t want to leave here. I got up late, and that ’s why I missed the bus.

9. I ’m shy so it ’s not easy for me to make friends. 我很腼腆。因此对我来说交朋友不是很容易。

“It ’s+ 形容词 +for sb. to do sth.” 是固定结构，意为“做某事对某人来说是 ……的”。结构中的 it 是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语。 句中的形容词为描述事物特征的词， 如 difficult，easy， hard，important，dangerous，necessary，possible等。

It ’s very important for us to eat a lot of vegetables every day.

It ’s dangerous for a child to stay at home alone.

10. But I think friends are like books—you don’t need a lot of them as long as they’re good.

但是我认为朋友就像书一样 ——你不需要很多。只要它们好就行。

as long as意为“只要；既然 ”，引导条件状语从句，主句为一般将来时或含有情态动词 can时，所引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来。

You can leave here as long as you tell the truth.

You will get good grades as long as you work hard.

11. However, Larry often helps to bring out the best in me. 然而，拉里经常帮助我表现出最好的 一面。

bring out 意为“使显现；使表现出 ”。

I want to bring out the meaning of the poem.

我想阐明一下这首诗的意义。

拓展：

① bring out 还意为 “出版；生产 ”。

The company is bringing out a new sports car.

② bring out the best/worst in sb. 把某人最好 /最坏的一面展现出来

Please tell me how to bring out the best in me.

12. I don ’t really care if my friends are the same as me or different. 我真的不介意我的朋友是与我一样还是不同。

if 作连词，意为 “是否”，引导宾语从句，常用于 ask，know，wonder，find out 等动词 (短语)之后。

I don ’t know if he is at home.

He asks me if I like music.

14. A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart.

真正的朋友是一个可以援手帮助 并感动你心扉的人。

(1) reach for sth.意为“伸手取某物 ”，reach此处作不及物动词，意为 “伸手 ”。

He reaches for the box, but he is too short.

拓展：reach作及物动词，意为 “到达；抵达 ”。

When will you reach Beijing？

辨析：reach, get to与 arrive

① reach为及物动词，后面直接接宾语。

They reached Hangzhou yesterday.

② get to后接地点名词，如果接

there，here或 home等地点副词， to 必须省略。

How did you get to the station？

③ arrive 为不及物动词，后接地点名词时必须加介词 at 或 in。到达国家、城市等大的地方用 in；到达学校、商店等小的地方用 at。接 there，here或 home等地点副词时不用介词 in 或 at。

I arrived at the company three hours ago.

They arrived in Hangzhou yesterday.

(2) touch及物动词，意为“感动；触摸”。

The sad story touched us.

He touched his son’s head lightly.

三．语法讲解 - 形容词与副词的比较级

1．规则变化

单音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾-er，-est来构成比较级和最高级。

tall（高的）- taller - tallest

以不发音的e结尾的单音节词和少数以-le结尾的双音节词只加-r，-st。

nice（好的） - nicer - nicest

以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-er，-est。

big（大的） - bigger - biggest

“以辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，改y为i，再加-er，-est。

easy（容易的） - easier - easiest

少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节词末尾加-er，-est。

clever（聪明的）- cleverer - cleverest

其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加more，most来构成比较级和最高级

important（重要的）- more important - most important

2．不规则变化

good（好的）well（健康的） better best

bad（坏的）ill（有病的） worse worst

old（老的） older/elder oldest/eldest

much/many（多的） more most

little（少的） less least

far（远的） farther/further farthest/furthest

3．比较级基本句型：（把A和B进行比较，than是比较级的标志）

（1）A + be动词 + 形容词比较级 + than + B

Tina is taller than Tara.

缇娜比塔拉更高。

I’m more outgoing than my sister.

我比我妹妹更加外向。

（2）A + 谓语动词 + 副词比较级 + than + B

She sings more loudly than Tara.

她比塔拉唱得更大声。

She can run faster and jump higher than me.

她比我跑得快，跳得高。

She works harder than me.

她比我工作更努力。

She always gets up earlier than me.

她总是比我起得早。

Lisa sang better than Nelly.

丽萨比內莉唱得更好。

（3） as + adj./adv.(原级) + as … “和…一样…”

否定：… not as/so+adj./adv.(原级)+as …

“不如……那样……”

I work as hard as Tina.

我和缇娜工作一样努力。

You are not as friendly as your sister.

你不如你妹妹那样友好。

= Your sister is more friendly than you.

你妹妹比你友好。

= You are less friendly than your sister.

【注意】

对比对象保持一致。

Her hair is longer than yours.(→your hair)

= She has longer hair than you. 她的头发比你的常。

原级常与very，so, too, quite，pretty, really等连用。

比较级常与much, a lot ，a little, a bit等连用.

much more beautiful漂亮得多

a little more beautiful漂亮一点点

4．比较级的特殊句型

（1）比较级＋and＋比较级：越来越……

Our life will be better and better.

我们的生活将会变得越来越好。

It is getting more and more popular to eat birthday cakes.

吃蛋糕正变得越来越流行。

（2）The 比较级…, the＋比较级…：越…就越…

The harder you study , the better grades you will get.

你越努力学习，你就能得到越好的成绩。

The more , the better .

越多越好。

（3）Who / Which + be +比较级 , A or B ?

Who is taller,Tom or John?

汤姆和约翰，谁更高？

Which is easier, English or Chinese?

哪个更容易，英语还是汉语？

四、单元写作

（本单元学习形容词和副词的比较级，写作的话题主要围绕对两个人进行比较）

请根据问题提示写一篇70词左右的英语短文，向大家介绍一下你对交朋友的看法。提示问题：

1. 你对朋友的看法是什么？

2. 你和你最好的朋友有哪些相同和不同之处？

3. 你认为朋友之间应该怎样相处？

【参考范文】

One possible version:

I don’t think it’s necessary for friends to be the same. My best friend is Linda. We are classmates. In some ways we are the

same, but in some ways , she is very different from me. She is much quieter and taller than me. She always has long hair but

I like short hair. I’m good at math but Linda does well in English and Chinese. She is better at singing and dancing. Her

hobbies are similar to mine. We both like reading. We both like playing tennis, too. We often get good grades in class. We

like to do our homework together after school and we always help each other. As friends, I think we should help and truly

care about each other. We can also share happiness and sadness with each other.

一、短语归纳

far 到目前为止，迄今为止 kinds of ... 各种各样的......

problem 没什么，别客气 a role 发挥作用，有影响

... in common 有相同特征（想法、兴趣等方 up 编造（故事、谎言等）

面）相同 example=eg 例如，

up to由…决定/是…的职责 ... seriously 认真对待

everybody并不是每个人 show 才艺表演

to 离......近 the world 世界各地，全世界

and more 越来越...... true （梦想、希望）实现，达到

sb. do sth. 观看某人做某事 up 编造（故事、谎言等）

watch sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事 ... seriously 认真对待......,重视......

二、典句必背

①Can I ask you some questions? 我能问你一些问题吗？

②It has the most comfortable seats. 它有最舒服的座位。

③How do you like it so far? 到目前为止你认为它怎么样？

④Which is the worst clothes store in town? 城镇里最差的服装店是哪一家？

⑤Everyone is good at something. 每个人都各有所长。

⑥It’s always interesting to watch other people show their talents.观看别人展示他们的天赋总是很有趣。

⑦All these shows have one thing in common.所有这些节目有一个共同之处。

⑧That’s up to you to decide. 这由你来决定。

三、用法集萃

(1)It’s the closest to home.它离家最近。

close作形容词时，意为“（空间时间上）近的”，常构成固定搭配be close to，意为“离...近”。

The supermarket is close to my house. 超市离我家很近。

【拓展】close作形容词时，还可意为“（关系）密切的，亲密的”。

She is a close friend of theirs. 她是他们的挚友。

close还可用作及物动词，意为“关，关闭”，常指关闭门、窗等。

Please close the window before leaving the office.离开办公室前请将窗户关上。

(2)Can I ask you some questions?我可以问你一些问题吗?

some的用法:

在通常情况下，some用于肯定句，而在否定句和疑问句中则改用any。

There are some letters for you. 有一些信是你的。

Are there any letters for me? 有我的信吗?

但是，在表示请求或建议的疑问句中，希望得到肯定回答时，通常要用some而不用any。

May I have some paper? 我可以拿些纸吗?

Can you lend me some money? 你能借点钱给我吗?

(3)How do you like it so far? 到目前为止，你觉得它怎么样?

far表示“到目前为止；至今”（ =until now），强调动作一直持续到现在，谓语动词常用现在完成时。

So far they have not found a way to fight the virus.迄今为止，他们还没有到一种对抗该病毒的方法。

(4)What do you think of 970AM? 你认为调幅970兆赫（电台）怎么样？

“What do you think of ...”与“How do you like ...?”同义，意为“你认为..... 怎么样？” 这是询问对方对某人/物看法的常用句型，答语往往是对某人/物的评价。

What do think of sth.? =What do you think about sth.? 你认为某事（物）怎么样？

【拓展】 think短语

think of 想起，想出

think over 仔细考虑

think about 考虑

Think it over and you’ll find a way.仔细考虑，你会有办法的。

I’m thinking about buying a car. 我正在考虑买辆车。

(5)How far is it from your home? 从你家(到这里)有多远?

how far意思是“多远”，主要对距离提问。

—How far is it from Beijing to Guangzhou? 从北京到广州有多远?

—It’s about 2000 kilometers. 大约两千千米。

【拓展】how long“多久”，用于对一段时间提问。

—How long did he stay here? 他在这儿待了多久?—About two hours. 大约两个小时。

how often “每隔多久”，主要用来对频度副词或状语提问。

—How often does he come here?他（每隔）多久来这里一次?—Once a month.每月一次。

how soon“再过多久”，主要用来对表示将来的一段时间提问。

—How soon will he be back?他要多久才回来？—In an hour. 1小时以后。

(6)Talent shows are getting more and more popular. 才艺展示越来越受欢迎。

more and more popular意为“越来越受欢迎”。

“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越...”，当形容词为多音节单词时，应用“more and more +形容词”的结构。

The weather gets warmer and warmer. 天气变得越来越暖和。

Our school is becoming more and more beautiful. 我们的学校正变得越来越漂亮。

【拓展】

“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越...，越...”。

The more you practise, the better you will speak English. 你练得越多，你英语就会讲得越好。

(7)Now, there are similar shows around the world, such as China’s Got Talent. 现在，世界各地也有类似的节目，比如中国达人秀。

辨析：look like, take after, be similar to

look like 表示“看起来...”主要指“外观上像”，常用来描述外貌。

You look like your father. 你看起来像你爸爸。

take after 意为“长得像，行为、性格等像”，尤其是像自己的长辈，可解释为be similar to。

Mary really takes after her mother.玛丽的确长得像她的妈妈。

be similar to 用法广泛，一般用在相近的物品或情境的对比上。

My pen is similar to yours.我的钢笔和你的相似。

辨析：for example, such as

for example 只以同类人或物中的“一个”为例，作插入语，用逗号隔开，可置于句首、句中、句末。

Noise, for example, is a kind of pollution.例如，噪声就是一种污染。

such as 常列举同类人或物中的几个例子，不能穷尽，可和and so on连用。

I have many hobbies such as reading, dancing and singing.我有很多爱好，比如读书、跳舞和唱歌。

(8)All these shows have one thing 所有的这些节目都有一个共同点...

in common“有相同特征；（想法、兴趣等方面）相同”

have nothing in common“没有共同点”

The two sisters have nothing in common.这两妹没有什么共同之处。

(9)That’s up to you to decide.那由你来决定。

be up to意为“是...的职责，由....决定”。在英语中be up to有很多种用法：

be up to sb. 表示“胜任， 适于（做某事）”，后面接名词、代词或动名词等。

He is not really up to seeing any visitors. 他真的不适合见任何访问者。

be up to sb. 由某人决定

Whether we will go to the park is up to your brother.我们是否去公园由你哥哥决定。

It is up to sb. to do sth.应由某人做某事，it作形式主语。

It is up to me to get the four of us moving. 该由我来召集我们四个人动起来。

(10) When people watch the show, they usually play a role in deciding the winner.

人们看这样的节目时，通常承担着评判优胜者的角。

play a role意为“发挥作用；有影响”。如果要进一步引出具体的内容，后面应用介词in，表示“在某事/某个方面起到作用或承担某种角”，后跟名词、代词或动名词。

The media playa major role in influencing people's opinions.媒体在影响舆论方面发挥着重要作用。

(11)Some think that the lives of the performers are made up. 有些人认为那些表演者的生活状况都是编造出来的。

make up意为“编造，组成”。句中的“are made up”属于被动语态结构，其构成为“be+过去分词”，表示“被......”。

The whole story is made up. 整个故事完全是虚构的

I think it’s very unkind of you to make up stories about him. 我认为你编造他的谣言很不厚道。

四、语法聚焦

形容词与副词最高级的基本用法

1.三者或三者以上的人或事物进行比较，其中一个在某方面超过其他几个时用最高级。形容词的最高级前一般要加定冠词the，后带含of或in的表示范围的短语（如of all、of he three 、in the world 等）。

He is the most outgoing of all.

他是所有人中最外向的。

2.在表达“第几（长、大，远...）”时，序数词后用形容词的最高级形式。

He is the second tallest boy in his class.

他是班上第二高的男孩。

3.在表达“最.....之一”时， 用最高级。“one of the+形容词的最高级+可数名词复数”。

Chongqing is one of the biggest cities in our country.

重庆是我们国家最大的城市之一。

4.在表达“某人的最...的....”时，最高级前省略定冠词the，即“某人的+形容词的最高级+名词”。

Linda is my younger sister’s best friend.

琳达是我妹妹最好的朋友。

五、参考作文

（一）

What’s the best restaurant?

What’s the best restaurant in town? We did a survey (调查) and this is what we learned. Better Than Home is

the best restaurant. It is the most popular. It has the most comfortable seats and the most delicious food, but the

food is the most expensive. Blue Sky has the freshest food. But it has the longest waiting time. It also has the best

service. Students’ Home has the worst and cheapest food. It is the closest to school. It plays the most interesting

music.

If you’re hungry, I think you can go to Better Than Home and Blue Sky.

（二）

I live in a beautiful town . There are three supermarkets around here. They are Sunshine Supermarket, Kaiji Supermarket

and Morning Supermarket. Sunshine Supermarket has the best quality and friendly service. But things there are a little

expensive. Kaiji Supermarket has good quality. Its things are cheap, too. But it has unfriendly service . Morning

Supermarket has better quality than Kaiji Supermarket. And it has the cheapest things of the three. Also, it has friendlier

servicr than the other two.I like Sunshine Supermarket and Morning Supermarket. I often go to the two supermarkets to buy

things. I don’t like Kaiji Supermarket because it doesn’t have a good service.