图说英语:字母字母组合发音系统总结

图说英语：字母字母组合发音系统总结

学好英语的前提是掌握足够的词汇，而对学习英语的人来说，记忆单词是一件枯草乏味的事，而且记了忘，再记再忘，使学习者倍受打击。本文用表格形式列举了字母及字母组合与发音的关系，并附有例词，对个别例外的发音也有详细的说明，简单实用。如果你能认真阅读我总结的《字母及字母组合与发音的规律》，相信你不会再为记单词发愁。本文能有效地帮助你迅速扩大你的词汇量。

一、元音及48个音标对照表:

音标有48个，其中元音20个，20个元音音标中又分12单元音和8个双元音；辅音音标28个；其中又分11个清辅音和17个浊辅音。

单元音：根据发音部位的不同又分前元音、中元音、后元音

前元音：[i:] [ i ] [e] [æ]；

中元音 [ʌ] [ə:] [ə ]；

后元音 [α:] [ɔ] [ɔ:] [u] [u:]

双元音：合口双元音[ei] [ai] [au] [ɔi] [əu]； 集中双元音[iə] [eə] [uə]

元音、辅音对照表

长元音5

12 个单元音

元音

8 个双元音

短元音8

[ei]

[i] [ə]

[i:] [ə:] [ɔ:] [u:]

[ɔ]

[α:]

[u] [ʌ] [æ] [e]

[ai] [au] [ɔi] [əu]

[t]

[d]

[n]

[j]

[k]

[g]

[ŋ]

[l]

[f]

[v]

[iə] [eə] [uə]

[∫]

[ʒ]

[tʃ]

清辅音 10对 [p]

浊辅音

辅音 3 个鼻音

3 个似拼音

2 个半元音

[b]

[m]

[w]

[s] [θ]

[z] [ð]

[tr] [ts]

[dʒ] [dr] [dz]

[h](清辅音) [r]

注：[h]、 [r]、 [l]，由于它们三个的发音非常相似，所以称之为似拼音。

二、字母组合及发音

字母和及组合

读音

[ei]

[æ]

a [ə ]

[ɔ]

[α:]

ai/ay

air

al

ar

are

au(gh)

[ei]

[ i ]

[eə]

[ɔ]

[α:]

[ə]

[eə]

[ɔ:]

说明

在重读开音节中

在重读闭音节中

在非重读音节中

前面是辅音[w]

后面是ss, st, sk, th, f, n

在重读音节中

在非重读音节中

但在f, m前发[α:]

在重读音节中

在非重读音节中

a, same, labour

cat, pack, plan

about, again, woman, China

wash, what, want

class, fast, ask, bath, staff, dance

afraid, gain, wait, day, play, way

mountain, portrait, Sunday, holiday

air, chair, hair

wall, call, talk, walk, half, palm

car, farm, party

grammar, sugar, particular

care, dare, rare

cause, August, fault; daughter, caught, taught

例词

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aw

b

[ɔ:]

[b]

[/]

[k]

[s]

前面是字母m

后面是a, o, u

后是辅音字母

后面是字母e, i, y

在某些单词中

在重读开音节中

在重读闭音节中

在非重读音节中

在前缀或后缀中

两个单词中

前面是清音([t]除外)

前是元/浊音([d]除外)

前面是[t]或[d]

在重读音节中

在非重读音节中

在词首或词尾多发[g]

在词中间

在词尾

在有些词中

在重读开音节中

在重读闭音节和非重读2

law, claw, saw

bed, book, club

comb, tomb, climb

cap, cool, cut

clean, class, cream

centre, nice, city, bicycle

child, change, teach, check

school, chemistry, headache, stomach

back, clock, pocket

desk, red, hard

bridge, fridge, judge

we, he she, these

pen, best, well

silence, open

decision, behind, careless

beat, meat, sea, breathe

head, breakfast, peasant, breath

great, steak（肉排，牛排）

hear, clear, dear, near

heard, early, learn, pearl

heart

pear, bear, wear swear

worked, jumped, washed

lived, stayed, closed

wanted, needed

three, need, green

deer, beer, engineer

receive, ceiling

term, serve, verb

teacher, paper, perform

here, mere

there, where

feudal（封建的）, neutral（中立的）

new, few, newspaper; flew, blew, jewelry

fast, wife, leaf

girl, great, big

guest, guide, league, dialogue

language

large, page, village

hope, hard, help

hour, honour

I, like, nine, fine

hit, think, habit

c

ch

ck

d

dge

[tʃ]

[k]

[k]

[d]

[dʒ]

[i:]

[e]

[ə]

[i]

[i:]

e

ea [e]

[ei/e]

[iə]

[ə:]

[α:]

[eə]

[t]

ear

-ed

ee

eer

ei

er

ere

eu

ew

f

g

gu

ge

h

i

[d]

[id]

[i:]

[iə]

[i:]

[ə:]

[ə]

[iə]

[eə]

[ju:]

[ju:/u:]

[f]

[g]

[g]

[gw]

[dʒ]

[h]

[/]

[ai]

[i]

音节中

ie

igh

ir

ire

j

kn

l

m(n)

n

ng

[i:]

[ai]

[ai]

[ə:]

[aiə]

[dʒ]

[n]

[l]

[m]

[n]

[ŋ]

[ŋ]

[əu]

o

[ɔ]

[ə]

oa

oar

oi/oy

[əu]

[ɔ:]

[ɔi]

[u]

oo

[u:]

[ʌ]

or

ore

ough

[ɔ:]

[ə]

[ɔ:/ɔə]

[ɔ:]

[auə/uə]

our

[ɔ:]

[ə:]

[ə]

ow

p

ph

qu

r

[au]

[əu]

[p]

[f]

[kw]

[r]

[s]

s

[z]

在非重读音节中

在词首

在清辅音之后

在两个元音之间

在元音和浊辅音之后

3

在词尾

在重读音节中

在词首

后面是[k]或[g]

在重读开音节中

在某些词中

在重读闭音节中

在非重读音节中

教室、卧室、好、脚、站在木毛上，遇到老K发短音

在两个单词中

在重读音节中

在非重读音节中

在重读音节中

field, niece, piece, believe

die, lie, pie

night, fight, right, light

girl, first, dirty, bird

fire, tire, hire

jacket, job, July

know, knife, knock

love, silk, fool

maid, name, film; autumn

line, neck, fan

think, English, finger

thing, wrong, young

no, note, over

piano, photo, potato, tomato

not, shop, commune

second, kingdom, propose /prə`pəuz/

boat, coat, road

board, roar

oil, voice, boy, joy

classroom, bedroom（长词发短音）, good, foot,

stood (understood), wood, wool, took, book,

look, cook, cookie

too, school, root, food, room（短词发长音）

blood, flood

horse, sport, northern

actor, doctor, tractor

more, store, before

fought, bought, thought

our, sour, flour; tour/uə/

four, course, your

journey, journal, journalist

labour, colour, favour

how, down, now

show, follow, know, window

pig, sleep, spring

physics, phrase, telephone

quake, queen, quick, question（但queue/kju:/）

rose, run, grow

six, seat, secret

works, lamps, months

those, Chinese, season

boys, has, rooms

sc

sh

sion

sure

t, tt

tch

th

tion

ture

[s]

[sk]

[∫]

[∫ən]

[ʒən]

[ʒə]

[t]

[t∫]

[θ]

[ð]

[∫ən]

[t∫ən]

[t∫ə]

[ju:]

[ʌ]

[u]

[ə]

[ə:]

[ə]

[juə]

[ə]

[v]

[w]

[/]

[w]

[h]

[ks]

[gz]

[ai]

[i]

[j]

[z]

在元音字母e, i之前

前面是元音字母

在实词中

在虚词和部分代词中

前面是s

在重读开音节中

在重读闭音节中

在某些词中

在某些非重读音节中

在重读音节中

在非重读音节中

在重读音节中

在非重读音节中

在某些词中

在字母o之前

后面是元音且重读

scene, science, scissors

she, shall, finish

version说法，译文, discussion, impression

television, decision, occasion

pleasure, treasure, measure

tell, meet, letter

catch, fetch, watch

three, youth, method

with, the, this

liberation, nation, production

question, suggestion

picture, lecture, culture

student, use, mule

sun, but, bus, uncle

full, pull, put, bush

autumn, suppose, difficult

hurt, turn, nurse, Thursday

Saturday, murmur

pure, cure, endure忍受

figure, injure

very, seven, travel

wake, sweat, wide

sword, answer, write

what, white, wheat

who, whose, whole

fox, six, expert

exam, exact, exist

在元音字母a, o, u之前 scarf, scold, sculpture

u

ur

ure

v

w

wh

x

y

z

在词尾或中，元音字母，my, shy, sky, sly

与i的读音规则相同

city, system, bicycle

在词首，作为辅音字母 yes, yellow, yard

zero, zoo, amaze

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