罗经国《新编英国文学选读》(第4版)-章节题库-第7章 18世纪(1688～1798

一、填空题

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第7章 18世纪(1688～1798)

1. Henry Fielding has been regarded as “_____”, for his contribution to the

establishment of the form of the modern novel.（吉林大学2007研）

【答案】Father of the English Novel

【解析】亨利·菲尔丁被誉为“英国小说之父”。

2. Author: _____ Title: _____.（南京大学2007研）

At other times, the like battles have been fought between the Yahoos of

several neighborhoods, without any visible cause: those of one district watching

all opportunities to surprise the next, before they are prepared. But if they find

their project has miscarried, they return home, and, for want of enemies, engage

in what I call a civil war among themselves.

【答案】Jonathan Swift;

Gulliver’s Travels

【解析】题中文段节选自乔纳森的《格列佛游记》。其通过幻想旅行中不可置信的奇遇和体验，及其尖锐地讽刺了英国统治者的腐败和愚行，无情地揭露了社会各领域的黑暗和罪恶。

3. Xury and Friday are characters in the novel entitled _____ written by _____.（大连外国语大学2008研）

【答案】Robinson Crusoe, Daniel Defoe

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【解析】“Xury”和“Friday”是笛福的代表作《鲁宾逊漂流记》中的人物。

4. Jonathan Swift’s

A Tale of a Tub is a devastating attack on _____ and even on

_____ itself.（国际关系学院2009研）

【答案】the three branches of the church; Christianity

【解析】《木桶的故事》表面上讲的是三兄弟背弃父亲遗嘱的故事，实际上讽刺了罗马天主教、清教和英国国教，甚至是对整个基督教的嘲讽。

5. In _____, we find particularly Blake’s hate of the church and the clergy. In the

poem

A Little Boy Lost, he attacks religious persecution.

【答案】Songs of Experience

【解析】威廉·布莱克一生都保持着宗教、政治和艺术上的激进倾向。《经验之歌》中布莱克表达了他对教堂和牧师的憎恨。《一个丢失的男孩》抨击了宗教迫害。

6. Samuel Johnson compiled _____ which became the foundation of all the

subsequent English dictionaries.

【答案】A Dictionary of the English Language

【解析】塞缪尔·约翰逊编纂了《英文大辞典》，他是编纂词典的第一个英国人。他的词典在当时产生了很大的影响。对英语的规范化起了一定作用。

7. _____ found its representative writers in the field of poetry, such as Edward Young

and Thomas Gray, but it manifested itself chiefly in the novels of Laurence Sterne

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and Oliver Goldsmith.

【答案】Sentimentalism

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【解析】感伤主义是18世纪中叶英国诞生的一个新的文学流派。它的产生源自于某些启蒙运动家对社会现实的极大不满。这一时期的感伤主义作家包括：托马斯·格雷、劳伦斯·斯特恩、奥立弗·哥尔德史密斯等。

8. _____ was Samuel Richardson’s first novel. It is also the first epistolary novel in

English literature.

【答案】Pamela

【解析】《帕米拉》是塞缪尔·理查生的第一部小说，也是英国文学史上第一部书信体小说。

9. The appearance and development of sentimentalist poetry marks the midway in

the transition from classicism to its opposite, _____, in English poetry.

【答案】romanticism

【解析】感伤主义的出现与发展标志着英国诗歌由古典主义向浪漫主义的过渡。

10. The main literary stream of the 18th century was _____ what the writers

described were mainly social realities.

【答案】realism

【解析】18世纪主要的文学潮流是现实主义。启蒙时期的现实主义，是文艺复兴时期现实主义的继续，但又有新的发展。它的特征在于具有更多的政论性，作家们都有意识地把他们自己的政治思想贯穿在文学作品之中。

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11. The 18th century produced the first English novelists, who fall into two groups,

one is the sentimental novelists; the other is the _____ novelists.

【答案】realist

【解析】18世纪英国小说家可分为：感伤主义小说家和现实主义小说家。

12. In the 18th century, the landless peasants went to the cities and became

workers who owned nothing but labor and had to work long hours for low

wages. This was one of the sources of _____.

【答案】the new industrial proletariat

【解析】18世纪被剥夺土地的农民涌入城市，他们一无所有，只能以廉价出卖劳动力为生。他们是新兴的工业无产阶级的重要来源。

13. Joseph Addison and Richard Steele developed the form of letter-writing to the

verge of the _____ novel.

【答案】epistolary

【解析】约瑟夫·艾迪生和理查德·斯梯尔（Richard Steele）经常一起被提起，两人最重要的贡献是创办两份著名的杂志《闲谈者》（Tatler）与《旁观者》（Spectator）以及发展了书信体写作形式。

14. _____ is undoubtedly the greatest poet Scotland has ever produced. His

Poems

Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect is of great significance.

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【答案】Robert Burns

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【解析】罗伯特·彭斯是一位苏格兰的诗人，被认为是苏格兰的民族诗人，1786年他出版了《主要用苏格兰方言写的诗》（Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect），彭斯的名气由此大增。

15. _____ was the most remarkable satirist in the 18th century who criticized the new

bourgeois-aristocratic society of his age without mercy.

【答案】Jonathan Swift

【解析】乔纳森·斯威夫特是英国18世纪著名的散文家、讽刺小说家。他以辛辣的笔触毫不留情地讽刺批判当时的英国社会。

16. Thomas Gray’s highly-praised poem _____ shows the poet’s sympathy for the

poor, and condemns the great ones who despise the poor and bring sufferings

to the common people.

【答案】An Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard

【解析】托马斯·格雷是“感伤主义”诗派中一位重要诗人。《墓地挽歌》是格雷最优秀的诗篇，在诗中，他抒发了对穷人与无名卒的同情，并嘲讽了那些轻视穷人并给穷人带来苦难的“伟人”。

17. In the 18th century, _____ found its expression chiefly in poetry. The most

important representative poets are William Blake and _____.

【答案】Pre-Romanticism; Robert Burns

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莱克、罗伯特·彭斯。

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【解析】18世纪的英国诗歌中开始出现浪漫主义的痕迹，最具代表性的诗人是：威廉·布18. The enlighteners believed that reason should be the only basis of one’s

thinking and action. That is why the eighteenth century in England has been

called _____.

【答案】the Age of Reason

【解析】18世纪的英国是一个启蒙主义时代，或称为理性时代。启蒙主义者宣扬理性、平等与科学。他们提出要用当代的哲学与艺术思想的晨光启迪世界，主张理性是一切思想与行动的唯一原因。

19. The English drama of the 18th century does not reach the same high level as its

novel. One of the main reasons is that _____ of 1737 which drove Henry Fielding

out of the theatre which restricted the freedom of expression by dramatists.

【答案】Licensing Act

【解析】18世纪英国戏剧没有像小说那样得到很好的发展。其中原因之一就是1737年5月，政府通过“剧院检查法案”，封闭大批剧院，大大地限制了戏剧家们表达的自由。

20. _____ wrote some patriotic poems, in which he expressed his deep love for his

motherland, such as

My Heart’s in the Highlands.

【答案】Robert Burns

【解析】罗伯特·彭斯是苏格兰的民族诗人。他的诗歌充满了激进的民主、自由的思想他 6 / 45