analytical chemistry 综述

analytical chemistry 综述

Analytical chemistry is a branch of chemistry that focuses on the

identification, quantification, and separation of chemical

compounds. It involves the development and application of

techniques to analyze and understand the composition and

properties of substances.

One of the primary goals in analytical chemistry is to obtain

accurate and precise measurements of various chemical substances

present in a sample. This requires the use of various analytical

techniques such as spectroscopy, chromatography,

electrochemistry, and mass spectrometry. These techniques help in

the identification and quantification of different compounds, ions,

and functional groups in a sample.

Another important aspect of analytical chemistry is the

development of methods and instrumentation for sample

preparation and analysis. Sample preparation involves the

extraction, purification, and concentration of analytes from

complex matrices, while analysis involves the measurement and

interpretation of the obtained data. This includes the use of

calibration curves, standard reference materials, and statistical

analysis to ensure the reliability and validity of the results.

Analytical chemistry plays a crucial role in various fields such as

environmental science, pharmaceuticals, forensics, food analysis,

and materials science. In environmental science, analytical

chemistry is used to detect and monitor pollutants in air, water, and

soil. In pharmaceuticals, it is employed to determine the purity and

potency of drugs. In forensics, it helps in the analysis of evidence

at crime scenes. In food analysis, it is used to ensure the safety and

quality of food products. In materials science, it helps in the

characterization and quality control of materials used in industries.

In recent years, analytical chemistry has also seen advancements in

the development of miniaturized and portable analytical devices

known as lab-on-a-chip or microfluidic devices. These devices

offer the advantages of smaller sample volumes, faster analysis

times, and higher sensitivity, making them ideal for point-of-care

testing and on-site analysis.

Overall, analytical chemistry is a diverse and interdisciplinary field

that plays a crucial role in understanding and controlling the

composition and properties of various substances. Its applications

are wide-ranging and have a significant impact on various

industries and scientific research.