高考英语阅读理解推理推断题的解题技巧


2023年12月24日发(作者:often和oftentimes区别)

高考英语阅读理解推理推断题的解题技巧

高考英语阅读理解推理题的解题技巧

《考试说明》关于阅读能力的考查不但要求学生要理解具体事实细节,也要理解抽象的含义;既要理解字面意思,又要理解其深层含义,包括的态度、观点、意图等;既要求理解文章中某句、某段的含义及全文的逻辑关系,又要求根据其含义及逻辑关系进行推断和推理。

NMET中,推理推断题的考查每年都占阅读理解试题的一半左右。推理推断试题属于高层次阅读理解题,很多考生对此类题型的解答感到很吃力,没有把握。下面结合近年高考试题,谈谈推理推断题的解题技巧,希望对大家复习备考有所帮助。

一、推理题常见的提问形式

常以infer,imply,suggest,conclude,lern,intend,men,describe,purpose等词提问。或提问中含有表示推测的情态动词,如cn,could,might,would等和其他表示可能性的动词,如probbly,most likely等。

二、推理题的解题思路

如何做好推理推断题?笔者以为,考生做题时一定要从整体上把握语篇内容,在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息间架起桥梁,透过字里行间,去体会的“弦外之音”。

首先,要求考生在阅读时,要抓住文章的主题和细节,分析文章结构,根据上下文内在联系,挖掘文章的深层含义。在进行1

推理时,考生一定要仔细阅读短文,千万不可脱离原文而仅凭个人的看法,主观臆断。

其次,对于暗含在文章中的人物的行为动机、事件的因果关系及未言明的倾向、意图、态度、观点等要进行合乎逻辑的推断、推理、分析,进一步增强理解能力,抓住材料实质性的东西。

再次,在解答推理性问题时,应清楚所要解答的问题是针对某个细节进行推断,还是针对主题思想、的意图进行推断。

针对细节的推断可运用scnning方法,迅速在阅读材料中确定推理依据的位置或范围,然后再进行推理推断。

针对主题思想作推断时,其解题的主要依据是文章的主题思想,然后再分析句子之间的逻辑关系,区分观点与例证(opinion

nd fct)、原因与结果(cuse nd effect)、主观点与次观点(min ide

nd supporting ide)。

三、推理题的解题方法

1. 抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理

做此类试题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息,即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、推断,利用逆向思维或正面推理,从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。

例20XXXX春季D篇

69. The text suggests tht not getting enough sleep

might mke you _____.

. suffer from poor helth

1

B. feel tired nd nervous

C. drem more often

D. brethe quickly

解析解题时抓住第一段fter busy dy of work nd ply, the

body needs to rest. Sleep is necessry for good helth.

During this time, the body recovers from the ctivities of

the dy. The rest tht you get while sleeping mkes it possible

for your body to prepre itself for the next dy. 中Sleep is

necessry for good helth.去理解。利用逆向思维,我们很容易推断出这一结论:一个人睡眠不足会对他的健康有害(suffer

from poor helth), 所以答案为A。

2. 整合全文(段)信息进行推断

做推理题时,有时需要在弄懂全文意思的基础上,整合与题目相关的有用信息,综合起来去推理推断,确定最佳结论。

例NMET1998 D篇

65.Which of the following is the immedite cuse of the

sinking of the Bismrck?

.The British ir strikes.

B.The dmge done by the Hood.

C.Gunfire from the British wrships.

D.Luetjens’decision to run for Frnce.

解析德国军舰Bismrck号素有“不沉舰”的美称,然而最1

后还是“葬身海底”。造成这种下沉的直接原因是什么?短文中未直接陈述。这就需要我们利用短文中的信息综合起来去推断。

德军舰第一次与英军舰交火后,But in the fight,the

Bismrck ws slightly dmged.可

见,英军舰Hood号给德军舰Bismrck号造成的损坏不足以使它下沉。故B不对。第一次交火后,德军舰Bismrck号上的指挥官Luetjens命令军舰驶向法国进行维修(Her

commnder decided to run for repirs to Frnce,which hd t

tht time been tken by the Germns.),这更不是使它下沉的直接原因。D也不对。5月26日,英国空军发现Bismrck并向Bismrck 开火(Trying to slow the Bismrck down so tht their

ships could ctch up with her,the British fired t her from

the ir.The Bismrck ws hit.),Bismrck被击中。正如文中所讲,英国空军主要是想拦截Bismrck号,使它减速,以便后面的英舰赶上。这表明英空军对Bismrck 开火也不足以使Bismrck下沉,也不对。On the morning of My 27,the lst

bttle ws fought.Four British ships fired on the Bismrck,nd she ws finlly sunk.5月27日四艘英国战舰赶到并一齐向Bismrck开火(Four British ships fired on the Bismrck),最后使她下沉(She ws finlly sunk)。这就是直接原因,故正确选项为C。

3. 利用语境的褒贬性进行信息推断

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几乎每篇文章的语境都有一定褒贬性,这种褒贬性反映了主人公的特定心理和情绪状态及的写作意图,因此利用好文章的语境褒贬性就能在把握主旨文意的基础上对文章进行准确的逻辑推断。认真阅读原文并出反映语境褒贬性及变化的标志性词汇或句子,对我们掌握文章主旨文意,了解主人公的心理特点及进展变化,从而正确地进行逻辑推断很有好处。

例NMET2000年阅读理解B篇

59.The writer’s purpose in writing this story is

________.

.to tell n interesting experience

B.to show the esiest wy out of difficulty

C.to describe the trouble fcing newly mrried womn

D.to explin the difficulty of lerning to cook from

books

从原文中…s I ws not experienced in cooking , I

thought if dozen ws good , two dozen would be better ,

so I doubled everything .…I hd been defeted , I put the

dough in the rubbish bin outside so I wouldn’t hve to fce

Doug lughing t my work , …I don’t know who ws more

embrrssed(尴尬)by the whole thing Doug or me. 可看出文章叙述了一位新婚主妇按烹调书做发面失败的尴尬经历。但是全文充满了一种讽刺幽默的笔调, 文章最后一句带俏皮感,说明主1

人公心情并不沉重,而是感到有点好笑,所以答案应选。写作目的是自述一次有趣的经历。选项B肯定为错误答案,因为它与本文首句(The esy wy out isn’t lwys esiest)不合; D反映写作目的是解释从书本上学烹饪的困难,也不对,因为并未详细介绍主人公从书本上学烹饪是如何力不从心的; 主人公并不会天天面对这种烦恼,选项C为错误答案。虽然全文语境含贬义,但文章的言外之意需要读者对写作意图做深层挖掘,若不然就会被误导而作出错误推断。

4. 根据文章的结论推断的态度

态度、倾向是指对陈述的观点是赞同、反对还是犹XX不定,对记叙或描写的人、物或事件等是赞颂、同情、冷漠还是厌恶、憎恨。的这种思想倾向和感情彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间,或流露于修饰的词语之中。因此,在推断过程中,应特别注意文中的措辞,尤其是表达感情彩的形容词。

例Why isn’t your newspper reporting ny good news?ll I red bout is murder,bribery(行贿),nd deth.Frnkly,I’m sick of ll this bd news.

This uthor’s ttitude towrds the newspper reporting is

to ______ .

.complin B.pologize

C.muse D.inform

解析一是向读者说明这份报纸上只登载坏新闻,如凶杀、行1

贿受贿和死亡等;二是在字里行间流露出自己的抱怨情绪(对坏新闻厌恶透了),故应选。

5. 根据上下文的逻辑得出结论

逻辑结论是指严格根据文章中所陈述的事实、论点、例证等一系列论据材料进行推理,从而得出合乎逻辑的结论,而不是根据自己的经验、态度、观点或爱好去理解文章的内涵。做这类题时,应把握的写作思路,预测下文可能进展的内容。文章可按事件进展的经过描写,也可按因果关系, 对比关系来描写。

例We re in the computer ge.We often see computers

t work.They re especilly useful in utomtic control,dt

processing(数据处理)nd solving complicted problems.nd

they re finding their wy into the home.The prt plyed by

computers is becoming even more importnt with ech

pssing dy.

More nd cleverer computers will continue to

pper.They will run fster,hve more functions nd work

much more skillfully.They will tke over more tsks from us,helping to chnge the fce of our world.Some people even

think tht sooner or lter computers will replce us.

However...

Which of the following sttements will best continue

the third prgrph?

1

.Computers will soon stop developing.

B.Mny people like computers very much.

C.Computers re s clever s mn.

D.I do not think computers will replce us completely.

解析本文采纳了对比关系法来描写,前面描写了计算机的长处,但用However 一词预示着将引出相反的观点,故答案为D。

6. 结合已有的知识进行推断

知识推断是根据文章中所阐述的细节,运用自己掌握的基础知识进行分析、推敲,从而得出符合文章原义的结论的一种推断方法。知识推断题一般都是针对细节。解答此类题,不仅需要我们有一定的社会基础知识,而且还需要对细节以及有关背景知识有一个充分的理解。

例NMET1996 篇

53. fter reding the story wht cn we infer bout the

hospitl?

. It is children’s hospitl.

B. It hs strict rules bout visiting hours.

C. The conditions there ren’t very good.

D. The nurses nd doctors there don’t work hrd.

解析本文讲述了一位母亲采纳拖地计谋混进病房探视女儿的故事。由常识可知医院内拖地并非医生护士的工作,选项D不对。C项与文中的It’s fine hospitl意思相矛盾。项依据不1

充分,女儿未必都是儿童。正确答案是B。文中I told her bout

the hospitl rules, nd she will not expect us until tomorrow.

则暗示此规章在探视时间上是严格规定的,而且在实际生活中我们都知道医院探视病人是有严格的制度的。

如何做高考英语阅读理解推断题

高考英语阅读理解中的推断题,要求考生在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上,作出一定的推断和推理,从而得出文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题,做这类题目时,同学们要严格依据所陈述的细节、事实以及的措词、态度和语气,出能够表露思想倾向和感情彩的词句,然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理推断,从而得出符合逻辑的结论。根据近几年高考英语推断题的考查情况,本文拟就对隐含意义的推断、观点的推断、写作目的推断以及材料出处的推断等四种典型的推断题类型进行分析,以帮助同学们熟练应对。

一、如何推断隐含意义

1.推断隐含意义的提问方式It cn be inferred from the

text tht. ccording to…, we cn infer tht .From the text we

know tht …is most likely .When the writer tlks bout …,

wht the writer relly mens is .The writer suggests

tht .The story implies tht .We cn infer [conclude] from

the pssge tht .这类题干中通常常含有infer, suggest, imply,

conclude, intend, purpose, be likely to…等标志性词语。2. 干1

扰项的设置特点在通常情况下,这类试题的干扰项具有以下特点:或是文章中直接用于表达细节的信息,或是文章中无关紧要或片面推出的结论,或是与文章内容完全相反的结论,或是不合常理或不合逻辑的结论等。

3. 答题误区同学们在做类题目时,很容易误选文段中直接用于表达信息的选项或表示片面结论的选项。

4. 技巧点拨一是要全面分析所有相关信息,切忌片面思考,得出片面结论。二是要忠实原文,切忌脱离原文,凭空臆断。三是注意不要选择表层信息答案,应该立足由已知推断未知。

实例分析(XX卷)

stronger rgument comes from reserch into school

results. Girls grow up erlier thn boys, tend to be more

orderly nd re likely to be better t lnguges. In mixed clss,

boys who might do well in single-sex clss become

discourged nd tke on the rule of troublemker. Certinly in

the UK this sitution hs gretly lrmed(惊动) the government

for it to be encourging co-eductionl schools to hve some

single-sex clsses. In the UK the best schools re ll single-sex,

strongly suggesting tht co-eduction is not the best nswer.

This my, however, not be s simple s it looks. It my simply

be tht the fmous old schools tht ttrct the best students

hppen to be single-sex, rther thn tht being single-sex

1

mkes them better schools.

●t the end of the pssge the writer suggests tht

________.

. single-sex schools re the best schools in the UK

B. being single-sex does not necessrily mke school

better

C. co-eductionl schools re better for both sexes in

personl development

D. becuse boys cnnot compete with girls in study, they

go to single-sex schools

解题思路分析】答案选 B。在排列In mixed clss, boys

who might do well in single-sex clss become discourged

nd tke on the rule of troublemker和In the UK the best

schools re ll single-sex等事实后,得出了It my simply be tht

the fmous old schools tht ttrct the best students hppen to

be single-sex, rther thn tht being single-sex mkes them

better schools 这个结论。要做对上面这道题,正确理解文章末尾这句结论性的句子至关重要。这里尤其要注意句中的

rther thn这个关键性词语,它的意思是“而不是”,用于否定或排除其后引出的内容。故只有选项B

最合适。

二、如何推断观点1. 提问方式The writer’s ttitude

1

towrd… is______.The writer thought tht______.The writer

ccording to the uthor ______.2. 干扰选项此类试题的干扰项通常具有以下特点:或是自己的某种看法或观点,或是社会的一种普遍种倾向,或是与本文无关或与相反的观点或看法等。3. 答题误区:容易误选与自己的看法相吻合的选项。4. 技巧点拨:注意在文中的措辞,尤其是表达感情彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子,才能推断出的弦外之音。

实例分析(XX卷)

Just s crying cn be helthy, not crying—holding bck

ters of nger, pin or suffering—cn be bd for physicl(身体的)

helth. Studies hve shown tht too much control of

emotions cn led to high blood pressure, hert problems nd

some other illnesses. If you hve helth problem, doctors

will certinly not sk you to cry. But when you feel like crying,

don’t fight it. It’s nturl—nd helthy—emotionl

response(反应).

●ccording to the uthor, which of the following

sttements is true?

. Crying is the best wy to get help from others.

B. Fighting bck ters my cuse some helth problems.

C. We will never know our deep feelings unless we cry.

D. We must cry if we wnt to reduce pressure.

1

解题思路分析】答案选B。在文章中说Studies show tht too

much control cn led to high blood press, hert problems nd

other illnesses,即过多地忍住情感(如忍住不哭等ch control

cn led to high blood press, )有可能会导致健康问题。这里虽然用了Studies show… (研究表明……)这样的字眼,但在此显然是为增加说服力而特意采纳的一种表现手法,也就是说,研究所表明的结果就是的观点,故最佳答案为B。

三、如何推断写作目的

1. 提问方式(1) 考查整篇文章The writer writes this

pssge in order to _____.The writer’s purpose of writing this

pssge is to _____.Wht is the purpose of writing this rticle?

In writing the pssge, the uthor intends to _____.(2) 考查某处细节的写作意图The writer uses the exmple of…to show

tht _____.The writer uses the two questions t the beginning

of the pssge to _____.…re mentioned in the first prgrph to

_____.常见的写作目的归纳不同的文章可能有不同的写作目的,

但写作目的通常有以下三种:

(1)to entertin reders(娱乐读者,让人发笑)(2) to

persude reders(说服读者接受某种观点)(3) to inform reders(告知读者某些信息)。技巧点拨 (1) 根据文体类别推断写作目的这就要求我们了解在历年高考阅读题中,不同文体与三种目的的大致对应关系,这有助于做好此类试题。第一种写作目的(to

1

entertin reders)常见于故事类的文章。如全国卷曾有一篇阅读文章,虚构了两个宇航员在太空工作的情形,一个宇航员Joe做完了修理工作后要回到飞船上,用力敲了多次飞船的门,但门都没开,最后才传来这样一句话“Who’s there ?”“It’s me !

Who else could it be ?”Joe生气地大喊。在这一问一答中的写作目的就跃然纸上:因为太空处于真空状态,不能传播声音,因此本文纯属虚构,写作目的是想令人发笑(to mke people

lugh)。而全国卷的另一篇阅读文章,则更多地选择那些可以显示两个主人公的笨拙的细节,目的是为了表现事情的有趣(to

tell n interesting experience),从而达到娱乐读者的目的。第二种写作目的(to persude reders to sell product or

service),或是要通过对旅游景点﹑报刊杂志﹑影片﹑电视节目等的介绍来达到他的写作目的:吸引更多的游客﹑读者或订户﹑观众等(to ttrct more visitors / reders / udience)。如XX卷曾有篇阅读理解文章介绍了四种杂志的内容和价格,其目的是to

get more reders to subscribe。另一篇全国卷的阅读理解文章则介绍了一种被称为“篮子里的聚会”的家庭服务计划,文章内容包括服务的创意﹑服务的内容以及服务的价格和,由此我们可以推断出的写作目的是:to sell service。第三种写作目的(to inform reders)多见于科普类﹑新闻报道类﹑文化类或社会类的文章,了解这类文章的写作目的有赖于对文章主题的正确把握,阅读时有必要准文章的主题句,或较好地对主题1

加以归纳.如全国卷有篇阅读文章,一开始我们就读到了这样的一个问题:“Excused from recycling becuse you live in

high rise with rubbish chute?”这是介绍新产品或新思路的一种常见手法,可由此初步推断写作意图,在接下来的两个段落对这种废物回收装置作了具体的描述,并在最后一段告诉了我们这种装置的最大优点,把握了这些关键信息,我们也就明白了的意图:to introduce recycling system for high rises.卷的一篇阅读文章,一开始给出了文章的主题句In toy stores, wht

is old is new gin之后从genertionl effect , economic fctors

和mrketing techniques三个方面分析了20世纪80年代的玩具又再重新热销的原因,这就是写本文的目的:to nlyze the

reppernce of toys populr in the 1980’

从写用手法来推断写作目的请看一个实例(XX卷)

“Hve you ever been out on bot nd felt it lifted up

by wve? Or hve you jumped in the wter nd felt the rush

of energy s wves cme over you?” sked Jmie Tylor of the

Wve Energy Group t the University of Edinburgh.“There is

certinly lot of energy in wves,” he sid.

●The writer uses the two questions t the beginning of

the pssge to ______.

. test the reders’knowledge bout wves

B. drw the reders’ ttention to the topic

1

C. show Jmie Tylor’s importnce

D. invite the reders to nswer them

分析】在文章开头提出问题让读者思考,或是简单介绍与主题有关的其他事物,目的往往是为了引出主题(to drw the

reders’ ttention to the topic / to serve s n introduction to

the discussion),故选B),故选。四、如何推断文章出处 1. 提问方式推断文章出处的设题形式有:The pssge is most likely

to be tken from______. Where would this pssge most

probbly pper? The pssge is most likely prt of______. 2. 解题技巧这类问题应从文章的内容或结构来推断其出处:(1)报纸:前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称。(2)广告:因其格式特别,容易辨认。(3)产品说明:器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式,而药品的服用说明会告知服用时间、次数、药量等。实例分析(全国卷)实例分析(全国卷)Do you lwys understnd

the directions on bottle of medicine? Do you know wht

is ment by “Tke only s directed?” Red the following

directions nd see if you understnd them. To reduce pin,

tke two tblets(药片) with wter, followed by one tblet every

eight hours, s required. For night-time nd erly morning

relief (缓解疼痛) tke two tblets t bedtime. Do not tke more

thn six tblets in twenty-four hours. For children six to

twelve yers old, give hlf the mount (量). For children under

1

six yers old, sk your doctor’s dvice. Reduce the mount if

you suffer from rest lessness or sleeplessness fter tking

the medicine.

●This text is most probbly tken from ______.

.

textbook

B. newsreel

C. doctor’s notebook

D. bottle of medicine 解题思路分析】此题极易误选D。的确,人们常在药瓶上的说明中看到文章直接引语部分的文字内容,但是像第一段这样的内容不可能出现在药瓶上。由此可见,这一段文章应选自教科书中有关如何读服药说明的课文,故选。五、一点特别说明阅读理解中的推断题通常涉及的是的看法、意图与态度,即本人在文章字里行间所表达的观点或看法,此时千万不要误认为是在问“你”(考生)的想法。

请看一个例子(全国卷):Mybe ten-yer-old Elizbeth put

it best when she sid to her fther. “But, Dd, you cn’t be

helthy if you’re ded.” Dd, in hurry to get home before

drk so he could go for run, hd forgotten to wer his sfety

belt— mistke 75% of the US popultion mke every dy. The

big question is why.

●Why did Elizbeth sy to her fther, “But, Dd, you cn’1

t be helthy if you’re ded?

. He ws driving t gret speed.

B. He ws running cross the street.

C. He didn’t wer his sfety belt

解题思路分析】10岁的女儿对父亲说:“爸爸,你若死了,也就不可能健康了。”女儿为什么这样说呢?下文告诉我们:父亲匆匆忙忙在天黑之前开车赶回家,以便跑步锻炼身体,但却在开车回家时忘记系

安全带。显然女儿是在责备父亲未系安全带开车,即答案选

C。

如何做高考英语阅读理解推断题

高考英语阅读理解中的推断题,要求考生在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上,作出一定的推断和推理,从而得出文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题,做这类题目时,同学们要严格依据所陈述的细节、事实以及的措词、态度和语气,出能够表露思想倾向和感情彩的词句,然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理推断,从而得出符合逻辑的结论。根据近几年高考英语推断题的考查情况,本文拟就对隐含意义的推断、观点的推断、写作目的推断以及材料出处的推断等四种典型的推断题类型进行分析,以帮助同学们熟练应对。

一、如何推断隐含意义

1.推断隐含意义的提问方式It cn be inferred from the

1

text tht. ccording to…, we cn infer tht .From the text we

know tht …is most likely .When the writer tlks bout …,

wht the writer relly mens is .The writer suggests tht .The

story implies tht .We cn infer [conclude] from the pssge

tht .这类题干中通常常含有infer, suggest, imply, conclude,

intend, purpose, be likely to…等标志性词语。2. 干扰项的设置特点在通常情况下,这类试题的干扰项具有以下特点:或是文章中直接用于表达细节的信息,或是文章中无关紧要或片面推出的结论,或是与文章内容完全相反的结论,或是不合常理或不合逻辑的结论等。

3. 答题误区同学们在做类题目时,很容易误选文段中直接用于表达信息的选项或表示片面结论的选项。

4. 技巧点拨一是要全面分析所有相关信息,切忌片面思考,得出片面结论。二是要忠实原文,切忌脱离原文,凭空臆断。三是注意不要选择表层信息答案,应该立足由已知推断未知。实例分析(XX卷)

stronger rgument comes from reserch into school

results. Girls grow up erlier thn boys, tend to be more

orderly nd re likely to be better t lnguges. In mixed clss,

boys who might do well in single-sex clss become

discourged nd tke on the rule of troublemker. Certinly in

the UK this sitution hs gretly lrmed(惊动) the government

1

for it to be encourging co-eductionl schools to hve some

single-sex clsses. In the UK the best schools re ll single-sex,

strongly suggesting tht co-eduction is not the best nswer.

This my, however, not be s simple s it looks. It my simply

be tht the fmous old schools tht ttrct the best students

hppen to be single-sex, rther thn tht being single-sex

mkes them better schools.

●t the end of the pssge the writer suggests tht

________.

. single-sex schools re the best schools in the UK

B. being single-sex does not necessrily mke school

better

C. co-eductionl schools re better for both sexes in

personl development

D. becuse boys cnnot compete with girls in study, they

go to single-sex schools

解题思路分析】答案选B。在排列In mixed clss, boys

who might do well in single-sex clss become discourged

nd tke on the rule of troublemker和In the UK the best

schools re ll single-sex等事实后,得出了It my simply be tht

the fmous old schools tht ttrct the best students hppen to

be single-sex, rther thn tht being single-sex mkes them

1

better schools这个结论。要做对上面这道题,正确理解文章末尾这句结论性的句子至关重要。这里尤其要注意句中的rther

thn这个关键性词语,它的意思是“而不是”,用于否定或排除其后引出的内容。故只有选项B最合适。

二、如何推断观点1. 提问方式The writer’s ttitude

towrd…is______.The writer thought tht______.The writer

ccording to the uthor ______.2. 干扰选项此类试题的干扰项通常具有以下特点:或是自己的某种看法或观点,或是社会的一种普遍种倾向,或是与本文无关或与相反的观点或看法等。3. 答题误区容易误选与自己的看法相吻合的选项。4. 技巧点拨注意在文中的措辞,尤其是表达感情彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子,才能推断出的弦外之音。

实例分析(XX卷)

Just s crying cn be helthy, not crying—holding bck

ters of nger, pin or suffering—cn be bd for physicl(身体的)

helth. Studies hve shown tht too much control of

emotions cn led to high blood pressure, hert problems nd

some other illnesses. If you hve helth problem, doctors

will certinly not sk you to cry. But when you feel like crying,

don’t fight it. It’s nturl—nd helthy—emotionl

response(反应).

●ccording to the uthor, which of the following

1

sttements is true?

. Crying is the best wy to get help from others.

B. Fighting bck ters my cuse some helth problems.

C. We will never know our deep feelings unless we cry.

D. We must cry if we wnt to reduce pressure.

解题思路分析】答案选B。在文章中说Studies show tht too

much control cn led to high blood press, hert problems nd

other illnesses,即过多地忍住情感(如忍住不哭等ch control

cn led to high blood press, )有可能会导致健康问题。这里虽然用了Studies show…(研究表明……)这样的字眼,但在此显然是为增加说服力而特意采纳的一种表现手法,也就是说,研究所表明的结果就是的观点,故最佳答案为B。

三、如何推断写作目的

1. 提问方式(1) 考查整篇文章R: blck; FONT-FMIL Y:

'Times New Romn'; mso-bidi-font-size: 1

2.0pt"> The writer writes this pssge in order to

_____.The writer’s purpose of writing this pssge is to

_____.Wht is the purpose of writing this rticle?In writing

the pssge, the uthor intends to _____.(2) 考查某处细节的写作意图The writer uses the exmple of…to show tht

_____.The writer uses the two questions t the beginning of

the pssge to _____.…re mentioned in the first prgrph to

1

_____. ht-rule: exctl2. 常见的写作目的归纳不同的文章可能有不同的写作目的, 但写作目的通常有以下三种:

(娱乐读者,让人发笑)(2) to persude reders(说服读者接受某种观点)(3) to inform reders (告知读者某些信息)技巧点拨(1) 根据文体类别推断写作目的这就要求我们了解在历年高考阅读题中,不同文体与三种目的的大致对应关系,这有助于做好此类试题。第一种写作目的(to entertin reders)常见于故事类的文章。如全国卷曾有一篇阅读文章,虚构了

两个宇航员在太空工作的情形,一个宇航员Joe做完了修理工作后要回到飞船上,用力敲了多次飞船的门,但门都没开,最后才传来这样一句话“Who’s there ?”“It’s me ! Who else

could it be ?”Joe生气地大喊。在这一问一答中的写作目的就跃然纸上:因为太空处于真空状态,不能传播声音,因此本文纯属虚构,写作目的是想令人发笑(to mke people lugh)。而全国卷的另一篇阅读文章,则更多地选择那些可以显示两个主人公的笨拙的细节,目的是为了表现事情的有趣(to tell n

interesting experience),从而达到娱乐读者的目的。第二种写作目的(to persude redersto persude redersto sell

product or service),或是要通过对旅游景点﹑报刊杂志﹑影片﹑电视节目等的介绍来达到他的写作目的:吸引更多的游客﹑读者或订户﹑观众等(to ttrct more visitors / reders /

udience)。如XX卷曾有篇阅读理解文章介绍了四种杂志的内容1

和价格,其目的是to get more reders to subscribe。另一篇全国卷的阅读理解文章则介绍了一种被称为“篮子里的聚会”的家庭服务计划,文章内容包括服务的创意﹑服务的内容以及服务的价格和,由此我们可以推断出的写作目的是:to sell

service。第三种写作目的(to inform reders)多见于科普类﹑新闻报道类﹑文化类或社会类的文章,了解这类文章的写作目的有赖于对文章主题的正确把握,阅读时有必要准文章的主题句,或较好地对主题加以归纳.如全国卷有篇阅读文章,一开始我们就读到了这样的一个问题:“Excused from recycling becuse

you live in high rise with rubbish chute?”这是介绍新产品或新思路的一种常见手法,可由此初步推断写作意图,在接下来的两个段落对这种废物回收装置作了具体的描述,并在最后一段告诉了我们这种装置的最大优点,把握了这些关键信息,我们也就明白了的意图:to introduce recycling system for high

rises.卷的一篇阅读文章,一开始给出了文章的主题句In toy

stores, wht is old is new gin之后从genertionl effect ,

economic fctors 和mrketing techniques三个方面分析了20世纪80年代的玩具又再重新热销的原因,这就是写本文的目的:to nlyze the reppernce of toys populr in the 1980’

从写用手法来推断写作目的请看一个实例(XX卷)

“Hve you ever been out on bot nd felt it lifted up

by wve? Or hve you jumped in the wter nd felt the rush

1

of energy s wves cme over you?” sked Jmie Tylor of the

Wve Energy Group t the University of Edinburgh.“There is

certinly lot of energy in wves,” he sid.

●The writer ont-fmily: 'Times Nuses the two questions

t the beginning of the pssge to ______.

. test the reders’ knowledge bout wves

B. drw the reders’ ttention to the topic

C. show Jmie Tylor’s importnce

D. invite the reders to nswer them

分析】在文章开头提出问题让读者思考,或是简单介绍与主题有关的其他事物,目的往往是为了引出主题(to drw the

reders’ttention to the topic / to serve s n introduction to

the discussion),故选B),故选。四、如何推断文章出处1. 提问方式10.5pt; COLOR: bl 推断文章出处的设题形式有:The

pssge is most likely to be tken from______.Where would

this pssge most probbly pper?The pssge is most likely

prt of______.2. 解题技巧这类问题应从文章的内容或结构来推断其出处:(1)报纸:前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称。

(2)广告:因其格式特别,容易辨认。(3)产品说明:器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式,而药品的服用说明会告知服用时间、次数、药量等。

实例分析(全国卷)实例分析(全国卷)Do you lwys

1

understnd the directions on bottle of medicine? Do you

know wht is ment by “Tke only s directed?”Red the

following directions nd see if you understnd

reduce pin, tke two tblets(药片) with wter, followed by one

tblet every eight hours, s required. For night-time nd erly

morning relief (缓

解疼痛) tke two tblets t bedtime. Do not tke more thn

six tblets in twenty-four children six to twelve

yers old, give hlf the mount (量). For children under six

yers old, sk your doctor’s the mount if you

suf fer from restlessness or sleeplessness fter tking the

medicine.

●This text is most probbly tken from ______.

. textbook

B. newsreel

C. doctor’s notebook

D. bottle of medici ne

解题思路分析】此题极易误选D。的确,人们常在药瓶上的说明中看到文章直接引语部分的文字内容,但是像第一段这样的内容不可能出现在药瓶上。由此可见,这一段文章应选自教科书中有关如何读服药说明的课文,故选。五、一点特别说明阅读理解中的推断题通常涉及的是的看法、意图与态度,即本人在文章1

字里行间所表达的观点或看法,此时千万不要误认为是在问“你”(考生)的想法。

请看一个例子(全国卷):Mybe ten-yer-old Elizbeth put

it best when she sid to her fther. “But, Dd, you cn’t be

helthy if you’re ded.”Dd, in hurry to get home before

drk so he could go for run, hd forgotten to wer his sfety

belt— mistke 75% of the US popultion mke every dy. The

big question is why.

●Why did Elizbeth sy to her fther, “But, Dd, you cn’t be helthy if you’re ded?

. He ws driving t gret speed.

B. He ws running cross the street.

C. He didn’

解题思路分析】10岁的女儿对父亲说:“爸爸,你若死了,也就不可能健康了。”女儿为什么这样说呢?下文告诉我们:父亲匆匆忙忙在天黑之前开车赶回家,以便跑步锻炼身体,但却在开车回家时忘记系安全带。显然女儿是在责备父亲未系安全带开车,即答案选C。

1


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