2022高考英语一轮复习主题语境18跨文化沟通包容与合作学案

高考英语一轮复习主题语境：

主题语境18跨文化沟通、包容与合作

课前

主题词汇积累——没有词汇，什么也表达不了

记牢——主题词汇有空就记

[常见单词]

1．actually

adv.

2．adopt

采纳

►adopted

adj.

3．attempt

vt.

①attempt to do

②make an attempt to do/at doing

①收养的；领养的 ②移居的

试图；尝试

n．试图；尝试；努力

努力做……

试图做……

实际上；事实上

①vt. &

vi.收养；领养 ②vt.采用；4．block

n．[C](木、石等)大块；一组，一批；街区；阻塞(物)

vt.阻塞，拦阻

5．conquer

vt.①征服；攻克；战胜；克服(困难等)

②破除(坏习惯等)

6．cultural

adj. 文化的；与文艺有关的

7．course

n. ①课程；课程时间 ②过程；历程；进程

③[C]一道菜

①of course (not) 当然(不)

在……的过程中；在……期间 ②in/during/over/through (out) the course of

8．diary

n．

►keep a diary

9．dictation

n.

10．dictionary

n.

11．eastward(s)

adj. &

adv.

12．enrich

vt.

13．expression

n．

[C]日记；日记簿

记日记

口授；听写

[C]词典；字典

向东(的)；朝东(的)

使富裕；丰富；使(土地)肥沃

①表达；表示 ②[C]表情；神(look)

③[C]词语；措辞；表达方法 ④[U]感情；表现力

14．forgive

v. (forgave, forgiven)

15．fortunate

adj.

①be fortunate to do sth.

②be fortunate in doing sth.

宽恕，包容，饶恕

幸运的；吉利的

有幸做某事

有幸做某事

1

③fortune

n.

16．gradually

adv.

17．grammar

n.

18．identity

n.

19．idiom

n.

财产；大笔的钱；机会；运气

逐渐地

语法学；语法

①身份 ②个性；特征

[C]习语；成语

20．latter

adj.[只用于名词前](两者中)后者的；后面的

n．[与the连用]后者

►the former ...the latter

21．laugh

vi. &

vt.笑

n．[C]笑；笑声

①laugh at

②have a good laugh

③have the last laugh

嘲笑

大笑

笑到最后

前者……后者

22．master

n．[C]①(男)主人；(男)雇主 ②能手；大师 ③硕士

vt.精通；掌握；控制住(强烈的情绪)

①a master's degree

②a Master of Arts/Science

23．mate

n．

硕士学位

文科/理科硕士

[C]配偶；同伴；朋友

24．occasion

n．①时刻，时机 ②场合 ③重大、特殊活动，盛会

①on this occasion

②social occasions

③on occasions

④on the occasion of

在这种场合

社交场合

偶尔，有时

在……之际

25．operate

vt.①运转 ②操作 ③vi.做手术 ④vt.经营

26．perfect

adj.①完美的；极好的 ②最适当的；理想的

►perfection

n.

27．petrol

n．[U]汽油(同义gas/gasoline)

28．recite

vt. &

vi.背诵；朗诵；详述

►recitation

n. 背诵；详述

[U]完美

29．recreation

n．[U]消遣；娱乐 [C]消遣活动

30．spot

n．[C]①点；斑点；污点 ②地点；场所

vt.[不用于进行时]发现；认出；点缀

①on the spot

②spotted

adj.

31．subway

n．

当场；立即；在现场

有斑点的；有污迹的

[C]①地道 ②地铁(同义underground)

2

►ride/take a subway

32．superb

adj.

33．usage

n.

34．vocabulary

n.

►have a large/wide/small vocabulary

35．voyage

n．

乘地铁

极好的(excellent)

使用，用法，词语惯用法

①词汇(量) ②词汇表

词汇量大/丰富/小

[C](乘船/宇宙飞船的长途)航行

[常用词块]

1．more than

2．in sight

3．reach out

4．believe it or not

5．play a part (in)

6．because of

7．the number of ...

8．at present

9．make use of

10．such as

11．watch out for

12．up close

13．meet with

14．enlarge/expand one's vocabulary

15．follow/take one's advice

练清——常用词汇挤时就练

一、单词拼写(根据提示写出单词)

1．I'd appreciate it if you can help me with my English grammar (语法)．

2．By the age of two, a child will have a(n) vocabulary (词汇量) of about two

hundred words.

3．The voyage (航行) from England to India used to take six months.

4．One can travel there by ship or people choose the latter (后者)．

5．With the help of the subway (地铁) network, traffic jams and road accidents

have been reduced.

6．She was an accomplished pianist , a superb_(优秀的) swimmer, and a gifted

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超过；非常；不只是；不仅是

看得见，在视力范围之内

伸出(手)，伸手(拿……)

信不信由你

扮演一个角；参与；起作用

因为；由于

……的数量

现在；目前

利用；使用

例如……；像这种的

留心，密切注意

靠近地

遇见

扩大词汇量

听从……劝告

artist.

7．Occasions (时机，机会) are quite rare when I have the time to spend a day

with my kids.

8．Do remember we are the master (主人) of our own future.

9. (2017·全国卷Ⅱ)In addition, there are famous artists who will perform how

to cut paper on the_spot (地点；场所)．

10．Some online_courses_ (课程) of spoken Chinese can be helpful for you.

二、词形转换(用所给单词的正确形式填空)

1．This tree looks high and strong but actually (actual) its trunk is hollow.

2．I gradually (gradual) learned what we all need is to think more like customers.

3．After only six months of being cared for, the boy can already understand basic

Chinese daily expressions (express)．

4．They were interested in the Ancient Poetry Recitation (recite) Contest which

was organized by our school.

5．College students are of many different ages and come from a wide range of

social, cultural (culture) and economic backgrounds.

6．Fortunately (fortunate) for him, a man offered to take him around the different

spots.

7．He gave himself a new name to hide his identity (identify) when he went to

carry out the secret task.

8．Parts of the motor wore out because of constant_usage (use)．

三、固定搭配(在空格处填1个适当的单词)

1．They tried their best to make use of the chance that their school offered

to study hard.

2．At present, there is no way of predicting what the long­term effects of the

explosion will be.

3．It is partly because of her sick mother that she hasn't taken the job abroad.

4．In our life we may meet with_many failures but there is no need to feel regret

for these failures.

5．I'm more than happy to take you there in my car.

6．Believe it or not, we were left waiting in the rain for two hours.

7．It's more useful to learn modern languages, such as English and German, than

Latin.

8．The number of road accidents and the deaths arising from those accidents has

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increased over the past year.

9．Income, education, and occupation all play a part_in determining a person's

smoking habits.

10．When you cross the street, watch out for_children who are walking or bicycling

to school.

四、形变动词(用所给动词的正确形式填空)

1．So mastering English means (mean) we can see the world through a new window.

2．In order to enrich the students' cultural life, our school

has_organized_(organize) a photography exhibition.

3．It is bad manners to_laugh (laugh) or talk loudly in public.

4．For most people, it's almost impossible to_operate (operate) a computer

without a mouse.

5．In an attempt_to_provide (provide) a better quality of life, he proposed a

development project.

6．He had been busy in learning his adopted (adopt) language.

五、熟词生义(写出画线部分在具体语境中的含义)

1．block (熟义：n.街区)

When we saw the road blocked with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.v.阻碍；堵塞

2．operate (熟义：v.操作)

To our relief, the medicine operated quickly.v.起作用

六、单句写作(依据汉语提示补全句子)

1．即便你读起英语来很容易，你会发现用英语进行会话是另一回事。

Even_if_you_read_English_easily,_you'll find it is another thing to make

conversation in English.

2．促使她成功的原因，与其说是她的聪明，倒不如说是她的努力工作。

It_was_more_hard_work_than_cleverness that led to her success.

3．你能给我买一本和你昨天买给自己的一样的书吗？

Could you buy me the_same_book_as you bought yourself yesterday?

4．我的辛苦工作有了回报，我很自豪我在英语方面取得的进步。

My hard work pays off, and I_am_quite_proud_of what I have achieved in English.

5．在一份工资高的工作方面，能说一口流利的英语的人占据了一个大的优势。

In the competition for a well­paid job, the one who_can_speak_fluent_English

has an advantage over those who cannot.

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6．通过学习英语，我们可以在各个领域扩展我们的精神境界和增加我们的知识。

By learning English we can_broaden_our_mental_horizons and increase our

knowledge in various fields.

7．他们认为学习英语是现代社会的要求之一，有利于我们未来的职业生涯。

They think learning English is one of the demands of modern society and

will_do_good_to_our_future_career.

8．如果你在一个大家庭中长大，你更有可能培养与他人融洽相处的能力。

If you grow up in a large family, you are_more_likely_to_develop the ability

to get on well with others.

课堂

主题线索复习——没有主题引领，复习会迷失方向

一、这样学主题——强化“语言能力”和“学习能力”

1．adopt

vt.采用；采纳；收养；领养

[以文化人] I do cherish the educational opportunity and I always adopt the

motto to serve as a reminder.

我确实珍视这个受教育的机会，总是把这个箴言当作座右铭。

(1)adopt sb. as ...

(2)adoption

n.

(3)adopted son/daughter

[对点练习]

单句语法填空

①The family has adopted a homeless child as their own.

②Many animal welfare organizations provide care and adoption (adopt) services

for homeless animals.

③Parents who have an adopted (adopt) child want to know whether they should

tell the child he or she is adopted.

选词填空(adopt/adapt)

The young couple had no children of their own and ④adopted an orphan. After

a few months, the child came to ⑤adapt to his new life.

2．attempt

n．努力；尝试；企图vt.尝试；企图

[以文化人] Soon the tea room became lively with every international student

attempting to make their own tea. (2018·北京高考书面表达)

由于每个国际学生都尝试自己泡茶，整个茶室很快活跃起来。

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收养/挑选某人为……

收养；采用

养子/养女；义子/义女

(1)attempt to do sth. 努力/企图做某事

(2)make an attempt to do/at doing sth. 试图做某事

at the first/second ... attempt

[对点练习]

单句语法填空

①He attempted to_compete (compete) for the position of chairman of the

Students' Union.

②It is said that Australian scientists are making fresh attempts at explaining

climate change.

③Personally speaking, parents are making an attempt to protect their kids by

giving whatever they require.

完成句子

④If you fail at_the_first_attempt,_there is no need to care about that.

如果你第一次尝试失败的话，也没必要担心。

3．fortune n．财产；大笔的钱；机会；运气

[以文化人] Many young people leave their hometown to seek their fortune in

big cities.

许多年轻人离开家乡到大城市寻出路。

(1)seek/try one's fortune

make a fortune

have the good fortune to do sth.

(2)fortunate

adj.

be fortunate to do sth./in doing sth.

(3)fortunately

adv.

[对点练习] 单句语法填空

①I had the good fortune to_be_chosen (choose) for studying abroad.

②We shared the belief that if we're fortunate in having success, you should

put something back.

③Determined never to come back before he could make_a_big fortune, Mike left

home without saying a word.

④Fortunately (fortunate), she was not badly injured and we sent her to the

nearest hospital.

[名师点睛] fortune作名词且意为“机会；运气”时，是不可数名词；作名词且意为“大笔的钱”时，是可数名词。

7

第一/二……次尝试

出路；碰运气

发财；赚钱

有幸做某事

幸运的；侥幸的(＝lucky)

有幸做某事

幸运地(＝luckily)

4．occasion n．时刻，时机；场合

[以文化人] While at table, it is not an occasion for bursting into laughter,

where you must keep calm.

就餐这种场合不适合大笑，你必须保持镇静。

(1)on occasion(s)

on this/that occasion

(2)occasional

adj.

occasionally

adv.

[对点练习] 单句语法填空

①Nobody is perfect, and everyone acts thoughtlessly on occasion.

②The weather was good except for an occasional (occasion) shower.

③I know he has usually worked well but I must punish him on this occasion.

④I've been writing this report occasionally (occasion) for the last two weeks,

but it has to be handed in tomorrow.

⑤In hard times, the Spring Festival was the only occasion where_a family threw

off the old attire (衣服) and put on new clothes.

[名师点睛] occasion表示“时机，时刻”时，后面常用when引导定语从句；occasion表示“场合”时，后面常用where引导定语从句。

5．operate

vi.运转；做手术；起作用vt.操作；经营

[以文化人] Though I was under pressure, I operated well in the contest and

finally won first prize.

虽然我压力很大，但我在比赛中表现很好并最终取得了第一名。

(1)operate on/upon sb.

(2)operation

n.

be in operation

come/go into operation

put/bring ... into operation

[对点练习]

写出下列句中operate的含义

①The car is powered by a battery on its back, which can keep it operating for

an hour. 运转

②More interestingly, I tried operating some aircraft by myself.

操作

给某人动手术

手术；运转

经营；营业

开始工作/运转；生效

实施/施行……

有时，间或，偶尔

在此时/彼时

偶尔的

偶尔，间或

③If the doctor had operated on him earlier, he wouldn't have died.

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做手术

④My parents used to operate a small restaurant near the train station.

经营

⑤This kind of material operates as a very effective protection.

单句语法填空

起作用

⑥He is being operated on/upon by some experienced doctors and nurses.

⑦I went through many eye operations (operate) in an attempt to keep my vision.

6．spot

vt.发现；认出；点缀n.斑点；污点；地点

[以文化人] Moreover, the scenery along the Yangtze River is amazing, with

many well­known sightseeing spots. (2017·北京高考书面表达)

而且沿长江旅行的美景令人惊讶，有着众多著名的旅游景点。

(1)spot sth.

be spotted with

(2)on the spot

[对点练习] 单句语法填空

①I was waiting for my friend when I suddenly spotted a man not far from me staring

(stare) at me.

②More than ten policemen turned up at the spot where the accident happened.

③He was dressed in a coat, which was_spotted (spot) with stars.

④When the man was trying to break into the bank, he was caught by the

police_on_the spot.

1．in sight看得见，在视力范围之内

[以文化人] The life we enjoy may not be within the reach of the developing

world, but it is in sight, and they want what we have.

发展中国家的人民享受不到我们的生活，但是他们都看在眼里，他们渴望拥有我们拥有的东西。

out of sight

at first sight

at the sight of ...

catch sight of

lose sight of

发现某人正在做某事

散布；点缀

当场；在现场

看不见

初看时，乍一看

一看见……

看见

看不见

9

come into sight

[对点练习] 选用上述短语填空

进入视野

①There was no taxi in_sight,_so I had to take a bus into town.

②I caught_sight_of my former teacher just now, but he turned at a corner and

I lost_sight_of him.

③The boy's eyes popped at_the_sight_of the rich variety of food on show.

④At the railway station, the mother waved goodbye to her daughter till the train

was out_of_sight.

⑤Tom met Mary at a party, and they fell in love at_first_sight.

⑥The children ran to the bus stop happily when the bus came_into_sight.

2．reach out伸出(手)，伸手(拿……)

[以文化人] I'll reach out my hand to you, I have faith in all you do.

我会将我的手伸给你，我对你所做的一切都有信心。

(1)reach for

(2)within one's reach

伸手去拿/去够

够得到/在某人能力范围之内

beyond one's reach＝out of one's reach 够不到/力所不及

[对点练习] 选用上述短语填空

①The goal that we set should be within_our_reach.

②He reached_out his hands and gave his son a big hug and said “I love you”．

③My daughter is not tall enough to reach_for the dishes.

3．watch out for留心，密切注意

[以文化人] While climbing the mountain, we are required to watch out for

possible dangers.

登山时，我们必须注意可能发生的危险。

(1)watch out

watch for

watch over

(2)on watch

keep (a) close watch on

[对点练习] 选用上述短语填空

①Watch_out! There's a car driving fast toward here.

②Be careful！Watch_out_for cyclists and other runners.

③It is said that each country would have its own experts to watch_over the

changes.

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小心；提防

守候，等待

看守；监视；照管

值班，看守

密切注视，严密监视

④The man on_watch didn't notice the danger.

⑤Jim is anxiously watching_for his girlfriend at the gate.

⑥The government is keeping_a_close_watch_on how the situation develops.

[联想发散] 表示“当心，留神”的短语还有：look out, take care, be careful等。

4．up close靠近地

[以文化人] When you're eating, try not to sit up close. It is necessary to

keep a proper distance.

就餐时，尽量不要靠近坐着。保持适当的距离是必要的。

be close to

close up to

get close to

come close to (doing) sth.

[对点练习] 完成句子

①Ten­year­old boy Newton has invented a time machine to see dinosaurs up_close

(靠近地)．

②Children should not get_close_to (接近) the dangerous wild animals.

③I came_close_to_tears (差点掉下眼泪) when I heard the news.

④The photo enables the author to better understand the need to

be_close_to_nature (接近大自然)．

5．whatever引导名词性从句

[以文化人] We'll live with the local people in their villages, and eat and

drink whatever they do, including cow's blood!

我们将和当地人一起生活在他们的村庄里，和他们吃喝一样的东西，包括牛血！

whatever， whomever， whichever， whenever， however， wherever等既可引接近；几乎(数字或数量上)

离……很近

靠近

差一点做某事

导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句。引导让步状语从句时，“疑问词＋­ever”可以和“no matter＋疑问词”互换。

[对点练习] 完成句子

①(2017·北京高考)Every year, whoever makes the most beautiful kite will win

a prize in the Kite Festival.

每年，任何一个做出最漂亮的风筝的人都将会在风筝节赢得奖品。

②Whenever_you_come_to_China_for_further_education,_you're welcome to my

home.

无论你什么时候来中国留学，都欢迎你来我家。

③Whatever difficulties we may meet, we'll finish the task on time.

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＝No_matter_what_difficulties_we_may_meet,_we'll finish the task on time.

无论遇到什么困难，我们都会按时完成任务。

④Our history teacher will serve as our guide, who is expected to tell us

whatever_we_want_to_know.

我们的历史老师将作为我们的向导，告诉我们想知道的一切。

6．so＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语

[以文化人] Walking and riding your bike count, and so do school sports.

步行和骑自行车很重要，学校运动也很重要。

(1)“so＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”表示前面肯定的情况也适用于后面的人或物，表示“某人/某物也这样”。 (2)“neither/nor＋用法be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”，表示前面否定的情况也适用于后面规则 的人或物，可翻译为“某人/某物也不这样”。

(3)如果前面句子的谓语既有肯定又有否定，或者形式不同，就用句型So it is (was) with .../It is (was) the same with ...。

“so＋主语＋be动词/助动词/情态动词”用于对前面的事实加以肯定，注意有“的确如此”之意。例如：

事项 She did very well in the contest, and so she did.

她在竞赛中表现很好，的确如此。

[对点练习] 完成句子

①Nancy had a great time at the party. So_did_her_husband.

南希在晚会上玩得很开心。她的丈夫也是(玩得很开心)。

②She shouldn't have yelled at you; neither/nor_should_I.

她不应该对你大喊大叫，我也不应该(对你大喊大叫)。

③Henry is very clever but he doesn't work hard at his lessons.

So_it_is_with_his_little_brother.

亨利很聪明，但是不努力学习。他的弟弟也是如此。

[“完形”语段——练中巩固]

One day, Li Hua was working in a factory. He ①was_operating (operate) a machine.

A tool fell to the floor and he ②attempted (尝试) to ③reach_for (伸手去够) it.

He stood so ④up_close (靠近地) to the machine that it hurt his finger. He let out

a cry, and the other workers heard the cry and ran to help him. He was sent to the

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hospital at once. It was ⑤fortunate (幸运的) that he was sent to the hospital in

time. The doctors told him what kind of first aid he should ⑥adopt (采纳，采取)

in case of such an emergency.

[“双语”美文——以读促写]

More than a Friend

I realized that my beloved friend, dedicated actress that she was, had never

seen a Broadway show. Together we went — the two of us wearing our fancy skirts

— to see her favorite musical,

Man

of

La

Mancha. When Brian Mitchell sang of

the

impossible

dream,

I had a brainstorm: I could use my small measure of new celebrity

to raise money for something, and for someone. Jeanine had helped me craft the heroine

of my sixth novel, a dancer who in one harrowing year loses her husband and develops

MS. I would donate a portion of the book's sales.

Last spring, at an MS fund­raiser in Washington, D．C., I was about to sign books

when I heard the old Bill Withers' song

Lean

on

Me. I looked up. There on the screen,

larger than life, was a photo of me with my head leaning on Jeanine's shoulder. The

coordinator read a letter Jeanine had written: “Jackie is popular; I am the little

bland woman. But she chose me, included me, and when she learned I had MS, she jumped

in to help me beat this disease. She's more than a friend. She's my heart.”

That goes for me, too. Jeanine has to lean on my arm when we walk. But I have

to lean on her a hundred times a year, when I turn to her with problems no one else

understands, problems no one else can see me through. As she describes them: to get

it, because you had to be there.

She always was.

(Finished)

[译文助读]

不只是好友

我意识到我那亲爱的专注于表演的朋友还没看过百老汇表演，于是我们两个穿上花俏的裙子看了她喜欢的音乐喜剧《梦幻骑士》。当布赖恩·米切尔唱起那《不可能的梦幻》的时候，我灵机一动：我可以用自己那一点新名气为一些人和事筹集点资金。珍妮帮我创造了我第六部小说的女主人公，一个舞者，在令人伤心的一年里，她失去了丈夫又患了多发性硬化症。我将把这部书销售所得的一部分捐献出去。

去年春天在华盛顿特区的多发性硬化症的资金募捐会上，我正准备签书，这时我听到了老比尔·威瑟斯的歌《靠在我身上》。我抬头看去，在大屏幕上，比真人还要大，正放映着我把头靠在珍妮头上的一张照片。工作人员读起了珍妮曾写的一封信：“杰姬很受欢迎，而 13

我只是一个不知名的人，但她选择我做朋友，容纳我，当她得知我患了多发性硬化症时，她站出来帮我抗击疾病。她不只是一个朋友，她是我的心。”

对我来说也是如此。我们走路的时候，珍妮不得不靠在我的胳膊上。但是当我跟她谈无人能谈的问题，没人能帮我看明白的问题时，一年中我却要靠在她身上上百次。正如她所说的，去做吧，因为你必须那么做。

珍妮一贯如此。

(结束)

二、这样考主题——注重“思维品质”和“文化意识”

Ⅰ.Listening 明确测试重点，熟悉听力场景

[热考缘由]

现在的世界是多元化的世界，随着一带一路的发展，跨文化沟通、包容与合作成为社会人际关系与社会交往的主流。因此“跨文化沟通、包容与合作的”话题属于听力常考点。

听力试题(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)

17．Where is Jeff from?

A．Liverpool. B．Coventry. C．Newcastle.

18．Where do young men go to watch big games according to Jeff?

A．Pubs. B．Stadiums. C．Friends' homes.

19．Why does Jeff have to pick a team to support?

A．To avoid being bothered.

B．To open a conversation.

C．To earn respect from others.

20．What does Jeff mainly talk about?

A．England's moment of success.

B．English flag as a symbol of hope.

C．England's all­time favourite sport.

品悟原文——领悟命题规律和内化听力技巧

M：Hello, I'm Jeff Anderson from Coventry, England. And in today's program,

I'd like to share with you a special kind of English culture — the football. A

lot of people in England are crazy about football. During the football season

whenever there is a big match, all the flags for local football teams, such as

Liverpool and Newcastle, are hung outside every window, or even spread proudly on

T­shirts or scarves. There is an atmosphere of excitement in the of young

men crowd into dark, packed pubs staring at television screens. Of course they are

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⑱⑳⑰

covered head to toe in the colors of their team. They shout and scream in sadness

when their team loses a goal, or with joy when there is a moment of success. You

do not have to be a fan of football to get caught up in the excitement. As far as

victories are concerned, England had its big moment in 1966 in Wembley Stadium. The

World Cup victory is in the hearts and minds of all football fans. Now, whenever

England is playing a big match, red and white covers every inch of every pub, a symbol

of hope — the English flag. While football has never been something I am particularly

interested in, for years, I've had to pretend excitement and pick a team to support.

You cannot say you don't like or do not follow football in England, as often this

would lead to a long dialogue in which someone would begin telling you why you should

support their team.

[答案] 17.B 18.A 19.A 20.C

Ⅱ.Reading 精读高考真题，发掘内蕴价值

(2016·全国卷Ⅰ·阅读理解D篇)

[1]The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be

thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a

conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed

by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made

to fill every gap (间隙) with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value

silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person's needs.

[2] Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of

communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do.

Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops,

what may be implied (暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what

has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.

[3] Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with

conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power.

For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement

between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence

when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that

person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures

may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in

authority.

15

⑲

[4] Nurses and other care­givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of

silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing.

Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so

that a patient's silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on

unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing (治愈) value of silence can use

this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other

cultures.

(语篇中红体词汇为主题词汇)

32．What does the author say about silence in conversations?

A．It implies anger.

C．It is culture­specific.

B．It promotes friendship.

D．It is content­based.

解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第一段的第一句“The meaning of silence varies among

cultural groups.”以及下文给出的不同文化里沉默代表不同含义的例子可知，选项C与之相符合。

33．Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful

thought?

A．The Chinese.

C．The Mexicans.

B．The French.

D．The Russians.

解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Many Native Americans value silence and

feel it is a basic part of communicating ... just as some traditional Chinese and

Thai persons do.”以及“... silence is a call for reflection.”可知，许多美国本土人、一些传统的中国人以及泰国人都把沉默看作是仔细思考的象征，故选A项。

34．What does the author advise nurses to do about silence?

A．Let it continue as the patient pleases.

B．Break it while treating patients.

C．Evaluate its harm to patients.

D．Make use of its healing effects.

解析：选D 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“A nurse who understands the healing

(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients

from their own and from other cultures.”可知，作者建议护士们利用沉默的治愈效果来关爱病人，D项与此吻合。

35．What may be the best title for the text?

A．Sound and Silence

B．What It Means to Be Silent

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C．Silence to Native Americans

D．Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold

解析：选B 标题归纳题。阅读全文可知，文章介绍了沉默在不同的文化和领域具有不同的含义，这与B项(沉默的含义)的表述相符。

[素养透析]

一、依据语篇隐性考查的“语言能力”

1．主题词汇语境中回顾(文中红体词汇多揣摩)

2．熟词生义语境中辨析(写出红体词汇的语境之义)

①Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing

to say.

空洞的；无意义的

②Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for

understanding a person's needs. value重视 view 看作；认为

3．生僻词汇语境中推断(写出汉语意思并识记积累)

①In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.

思考

② ...when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people

with different amounts of power.

突

4．用构词法解构词汇多领悟(写出词源或意义)

①A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness (词源：stubborn，意为：固执), uneasiness (词源：uneasy，意为：不安), or worry.

②Nurses and other care­givers need to be aware of (加黑短语的含义：知道) the

possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety (词源：anxious) their patients may be experiencing.

5．用语法知识破译长难句

①Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly

stops, what may be implied (暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider

what has been said before continuing.

分析：when在句中引导时间状语从句；what may be implied是what引导的主语从句；that引导表语从句；what has been said before continuing是what引导的宾语从句。

译文：因此，当一个来自这些文化之一的人在讲话时突然停住了，这就可能暗示着那个 17

冲

人在继续(谈话)之前让听众去思考他之前所说的内容。

②Nurses and other care­givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of

silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be

experiencing.

分析：when前面的部分为主句，when在句中引导时间状语从句；定语从句their

patients may be experiencing前面省略关系词that/which；修饰先行词the_personal_anxiety。

译文：当护士和其他护理人员遇到他们的病人可能正在经历个人焦虑时，他们需要明白沉默的可能含义。

6．理清文章脉络——文意通、解题准

二、煅塑新型人才所考查的“思维品质”

文中第35题主要考查学生的概括性思维。文章中的四段分别讲述了沉默在不同的文化和领域具有不同的含义，由此可以概括出B项为正确答案。A项中的sound没有提到，C项为第二段的内容，D项单纯强调了沉默的价值，与文章内容不符，故排除。

三、贴合主流价值观所考查的“文化意识”

本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了沉默在不同文化里的具体含义。沉默有时表示思考，有时表示无话可说……不同的文化，人们对沉默有不同的理解，并引出跨文化交流这一主题，其目的是让学生增进对各地文化和习俗的了解，避免在跨文化交流沟通中，由于文化差异的存在，使来自不同文化背景的人在诠释从另一种文化中传来的信息时总是按自己的文化背景加以理解，从而导致对对方信息理解的不准确，进而做出错误的判断和决策。

Ⅲ.Looking and Speaking

发展思维品质提升表达能力

请用英语写出你“看”到的下面图片的主题概要

[参考答案]

①The_principle_of_mutual_respect_means_that_people_with_different_cultural 18

_backgrounds_respect_each_other's_cultural_awareness_when_communicating_with_each_other.

②The_principle_of_equal_communication_(culture_has_no_strict_advantages)．

③It_is_conducive_to_the_development_of_friendship_among_people_of_all_countries_and_regions_in_the_world.

①相互尊重原则即具有不同文化背景的人们在互相沟通时尊重对方的文化意识。

②平等交流原则(文化没有严格的优势之分)。

③有助于发展世界各国、各地区人民的友谊。

Ⅳ.Writing 增分写作，从写作基本功抓起

[写作主题]

假定你是新华高级中学学生李华，在网上得知澳大利亚籍中学生David想来中国沿古代丝绸之路游览，他向网友征集旅伴兼向导。你有兴趣做他的旅伴兼向导，请给David写一封自荐信。内容要点如下：

1．自我介绍；

2．你的优势；

3．希望能成为David的旅伴兼向导。

注意：1.词数100左右；

2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

[4步写作流程]

第一步：句写对——给词写句

用方框内的词汇翻译句子

post, travel, recruit, tour partner, tour guide, recommend, along the Silk Road,

do much research, every place of interest, include, history, custom, culture, speak,

fluently, look for, look forward to, reply

1．我已从你的帖子里获悉。

I've_learned_from_your_post.

2．你想旅行并正在招募一位旅伴兼向导。

You_want_to_travel_and_are_recruiting_a_tour_partner_and_tour_guide._

3．我给你写信来推荐我自己。

I'm_writing_to_you_to_recommend_myself.

4．我是李华，我一直在旅行并一直想沿丝绸之路旅行。

I'm_Li_Hua._I_have_been_travelling_and_always_want_to_travel_along_the_Silk 19

_Road.

5．我做了许多研究。

I've_done_much_research.

6．我对沿途的每个城镇和名胜古迹都十分了解。

I_know_much_about_every_town,_every_city_and_every_place_of_interest_along_the_road.

7．包括它们的历史、风俗和文化。

It_includes_their_history,_customs_and_culture.

8．我能流利地说英语。

I_can_speak_English_fluently.

9．我相信我是合适的人选。

I_believe_that_I'm_the_right_person._

10．你正在寻那个人。

You're_looking_for_the_person.

11．盼望着你的回复。

Looking_forward_to_your_reply.

第二步：量写够——语句扩充

12．添加书信常用开头语“你好吗？”

How_are_you_doing?

13．在第2句中加上状语“在暑假期间沿着中国古代丝绸之路”。

You_want_to_travel_along_the_Ancient_Silk_Road_in_China_during_this_summer_holiday_and_are_recruiting_a_tour_partner_and_tour_guide.

14．在第4句中加入同位语“来自新华高级中学的一名学生”。

I'm_Li_Hua,_a_student_from_Xinhua_High_School._I_have_been_travelling_and_always_want_to_travel_along_the_Silk_Road.

15．在第5句中加入时间状语“在我空闲的时间”。

I've_done_much_research_in_my_spare_time.

第三步：语写美——词句升格

1．用that引导的宾语从句合并第1句和第13句。

I've_learned_from_your_post_that_you_want_to_travel_along_the_Ancient_Silk_Road_in_China_during_this_summer_holiday_and_are_recruiting_a_tour_partner_and_tour_guide._

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2．把第7句中的includes改为非谓语动词短语，然后与第6句合并。

I_know_much_about_every_town,_every_city_and_every_place_of_interest_along_the_road,_including_their_history,_customs_and_culture._

3．用定语从句合并第9句与第10句。

I_believe_that_I'm_the_right_person_you're_looking_for.

第四步：篇连顺——衔接成文

用so， therefore， more importantly等词汇连句成文。

Dear_David，

How_are_you_doing?_I've_learned_from_your_post_that_you_want_to_travel_along_the_Ancient_Silk_Road_in_China_during_this_summer_holiday_and_are_recruiting_a_tour_partner_and_tour_guide,_so_I'm_writing_to_you_to_recommend_myself.

I'm_Li_Hua,_a_student_from_Xinhua_High_School._I_have_been_travelling_and_always_want_to_travel_along_the_Silk_Road._I've_done_much_research_in_my_spare_time._Therefore,_I_know_much_about_every_town,_every_city_and_every_place_of_interest_along_the_road,_including_their_history,_customs_and_culture._More_importantly,_I_can_speak_English_fluently.

I_believe_that_I'm_the_right_person_you're_looking_for._Looking_forward_to_your_reply.

Yours，

Li_Hua

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