2023年中考英语语法复习专题二代词

专题二 代词

英语代词分为 8 小类, 常见的6类是:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词

指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词

其它两种是：

关系代词、连接代词（复合句中介绍）

这里只介绍常见的6类

知识点一．人称代词

“人称”顾名思义,称呼人. 用来称呼人词，表示“我、你、他”等意思的词。英、汉人称代词都分为“第一、第二和第三”三个人称。

每个人称代词又有单数、复数之分。

英汉人称代词的区别在于, 英语人称代词又分有主格和宾格区别:

主格：主格在句子中作主语。通常位于句首.

宾格：宾格在句子中作宾语。位于动词或介词后.

I help him. He helps me.我帮助他，他帮助我。

特别注意:认清第三人称单数：he, she, it

口诀助记

人称代词有两格，分为主格和宾格；

主格句中作主语，宾格句中作宾语；

句首、动前用主格，动后、介后用宾格。

知识点二．物主代词

表示所有关系的代词，意思是“…的”。英汉物主代词的区别在于,英语中的物主代词又分为“形容词性物主代词”和“名词性物主代词”两种。

形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词的区别：

1) 顾名思义，形容词性物主代词重点在于形容词性，形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，后面一定要跟名词, 作定语，不单独使用。如：

This is my pen. That is your bag.

定语 名词 定语 名词

Their desk is new. Our classroom is big.

定语 名词 定语 名词

Her brother is a teacher.

定语 名词

2) 名词性物主代词重点在名词性，名词性物主代词相当于一个名词，不能用在名词之前，可单独使用。不能做定语，后必不能跟名词。

名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词 + 名词

名词性物主代词在句中可作主语，宾语，表语。如：

This is my pen. Yours is on the desk.

定语 主语

The bike is his. It’s not mine.

表语 表语

Your bike is not here. You can use mine.

定语 宾语

① 单词my, our, his, her, its, their 会告诉你：他们是名词的标志，其后的单词是名词。

② 单词mine, ours, his, hers, its, theirs 会告诉你：他们本就是名词，其后一定不能再跟名词。

物主代词的句法功能

类别 成分 位置

名词前

例句

Lucy often visits

her grandparents

in her spare time.露西经常在空闲时间去看望她的祖父母

名词性物主代词 主语 系动词前

pared with my

father’s

handwriting,

mine is poor. 和我爸爸的书法比起来，我的（书法）很差。

宾语 动词后

I left my

at

形容词性物主代定语

词

dictionary

home. Can I use

yours? 我的字典落在家了。我能用你的吗？

表语 系动词后

- Is this your

green pen? 这

是你的绿钢笔吗？

- No, it isn’t. the

blue is mine.不，不是的，蓝的是我的。

知识点三．反身代词：

反身代词用于指代某人或某物自己。反身代词的基本形式是 oneself，根据所指词的人称、性别、单复数等的变化可以有不同形式。第一人称和第二人称的反身代词由“形容词性物主代词 + self /selves” 构成；第三人称反身代词由“人称代词的宾格 + self /selves”构成。见下表：

① 当句子的主语与宾语是同一个人时,宾语只能用反身代词,不能用宾格.如:I

teach me English.(错误)I teach myself English.(正确)

② 几个短语

enjoy oneself 玩的快乐

by oneself 独自

help oneself 随便吃/喝

dress oneself 打扮，自己穿衣服

teach oneself 自学

知识点四. 普通不定代词

不定代词是代词的一种，主要用于表示不特定的人、事、物等，比如：某人somebody，每件事everything，一切等等。

常见的不定代词有：no系列：none, nobody, no one, nothing, nowhere

any系列：any, anybody, anyone, anything, anywhere

some系列：some, somebody, someone, something, somewhere

every系列：each, everybody, everyone, everything, everywhere

other系列：other, others, another

either系列：either, neither

数字系列：one, both, two, three,

数量系列：(a) little, (a) few, much, many, all

知识点五. 指示代词

指示代词是代词的一种，主要用于指代事物或人等，因此常可以看作名词的代替品，一般包括：this(这个，表示单数)，that(那个，表示单数)，these(这些，表示复数)，those(那些，表示复数)。同时，指示代词也可以像形容词或限定词那样使用，放在名词或名词词组之前，进行修饰限定。

知识点六. 疑问代词

疑问代词是代词的一种，一般用于构成特殊疑问句，表示疑问。常见的疑问代词有：who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever等，它们在句中的作用与名词功能大体相同，常用作主语、宾语和表语等。其中，whose, what, which等通常还可以像形容词或限定词那样使用，放在名词或名词词组前，进行修饰限定，在句中用作定语。具体示例如下：

1. who/whom：谁

Who is Mr. Brown? （表语）布郎先生是谁？

Who/Whom are you talking to? （宾语）你在和谁讲话？

※注：多数情况下，who可以代替whom，但是介词后一般只能用whom。

2. whose：谁的

Whose is this? （表语）这是谁的？

Whose car is that? （定语）那是谁的车？

3. what：什么

What frightened you? （主语）什么让你害怕？

What did you say? （宾语）你说什么？

What is your name? （表语）你的名字是什么？

What time is it? （定语）现在是什么时间？

4. which：哪个/哪些

Which is better? （主语）哪个更好？

Which singer do you like the best? （定语）你最喜欢哪位歌手？

巩固练习

一．用所给单词的适当形式填空

1. Jane, is this __________(you) ruler?

2. What color is _________(he) quilt?

3. ________(be)you Ms. Smith?

4. ________(she) name is Lisa.

5. Mr. Li is __________(I) English teacher.

6. ___________(she) is Jenny.

7. Is ________(he) Jack?

8. ________(I) am a singer and __________(I) name’s Dale.

9. What’s _______(you) name?

________(I) name’s Bob. _______(he) name’s Mike and ______(she) name’s Gina.

10. This is Alice. _________(her) is a student.

11. Is _______(his) Mike? Yes,_________(his) is.

12. My parents _________(be) very kind and helpful.

13. Look at that cute boy. Do you know ________(he)?

14. _______(be) your father very tall?

15. Mr Wu is _________(we) English teacher.

16. ________(be) you a hard working boy?

17. This isn’t my bike.________(my) is green.

18. These are your books, Kate. Put ______(they) in your desk, please.

19. ______(I) can’t get my kite. Can you help _________(I).

20. Are these_________( you) books? Yes, they are _______(our).

21. I love ________(they) very much.

22. Are these ________(they) pencils? Yes, they are.

23. ________(she) are my sisters.

24. The box is too heavy, I can’t carry________(it).

25. These book aren’t not ________(you).

26. _______(be) these vegetables? Yes, they_________(be).

27. Who ______(be) that girl? She ______(be) my friend.

28. ______(he) name is David. _______(he) es from Canada.

29. Tom’s shoes are white. What about_______(he)?

30. What ________(be) those in English?

31. ______(be) your notebook in your schoolbag?

32. Are those _____ (you) rulers?

33. These are ________(they) cakes. _______(I) are over there.

34. He lost his keys. He must find ________(they).

35. A set of keys ________(be) on the tale.

二．单项选择

1. Are those ________keys,Jack? No, they aren’t. They’re Uncle_________.

A. yours, Sam’s ,Sam , Sam’s , Sam

e in, Alice. Wele to ______ house.

’s uncle is a teacher. ________ enjoys staying with kids.

is my friend, and ________ from England.

is the boy under the tree? He is _________classmate, John.

far is it from ______ home to school? I’m not sure..about 5 kilometers.

D. yourself

me, is this _______ ruler? No, it isn’t. ______ is in my pencil box.

, My , Mine , Mine , My

8. My brother is a good doctor. _____ works hard to help his patients.

these ______maps? Yes, they’re _______.

, his , my C. her, her ,hers

these ______pencils?Yes, they’re________.

, our ,ours , our ,ours

______they? My cousins, Tom and Jim.

, What do you like for lunch? Some chicken _______ great.

13.“I”____ a letter(字母) and it _______a word (单词) , too.

,is , am , is , are

is a friend of ________.He is a scientist from Canada.

15. Where ______ the set of keys? On the sofa over there.

三．句型转换

.That is my pen.(改为一般疑问句并作否定回答)

_______ ________ your pen?

No, _______ _________.

2. These are his books.(改为否定问）

These__________ ________ his books.

3. They’re my brothers.(改为单数句)

_______ _______ my ________.

4. This dress is white.(改为复数句)

_______ _________ ________ white.

5. That girl is my sister.(划线提问)

______ that girl?

6. Peter’s grandfather and grandmother are teachers.(改为同义句)

Peter’s ___________ are teachers.

is her friend.(改为复数形式)

_________ are her _________.

7. Are those his parent?(作肯定回答)

Yes,_______ _______.

keys are here.(改为倒装句)

________ _________ your keys.

is her dictionary.(改为同义句)

This dictionary __________ _________.

are my books.(改为一般疑问句)

_______ these ______ books?

11. Is this a watch?(改为复数句)

______ ______ _______?

those his pictures?(做肯定回答)

________ , _________ _________.

are her CDs.(改为同义句)

Those CDs ______ _________.

七年级上 期中复习人称代词，物主代词，be 动词练习（答案）

一．用所给单词的适当形式填空

7. he

19.

I,me

, are ,is ,He 31. Is

二．单项选择

三．句型转换

1. Is, that, it, isn’t , not 3. He, is , brother

’s arents 6. These, friends

, are , are , hers , your

11. Are, these, watches , they,are ,hers