天然皂皮皂苷稳定高载量南极磷虾油粉的制备及其特性研究

现代食品科技 Modern Food Science and Technology

2020, Vol.36, No.1

天然皂皮皂苷稳定高载量

南极磷虾油粉的制备及其特性研究

121李金玉，陈小威，杨晓泉

（1.华南理工大学食品科学与工程学院，广东广州 510640）（2.河南工业大学粮油食品学院，河南郑州 450001）

摘要：南极磷虾油作为一种新型的海洋功能性油脂备受关注，具有极高的市场价值。然而，南极磷虾油的氧化以及不友好风味极大限制了其在食品、医药等行业的应用。本研究利用天然皂皮皂苷（QS）作为乳化剂，通过喷雾干燥法制备南极磷虾油微胶囊油粉，并结合油相结构化等手段改善其风味以及抗氧化特性。与商品对照的磷虾油粉相比，QS可稳定制备得到高荷载量（75%）的粉末油脂，其包埋率达到了90.01%。与商业磷虾油粉对比，使用QS可以有效掩蔽其腥味，在添加结构剂后其风味仍可以得到改善，添加植物甾醇和谷维素的效果最好。不仅如此，使用QS制备的油粉其氧化稳定性较商业磷虾油粉的稳定性要好，添加抗氧化剂后氧化稳定性较好，添加抗坏血酸棕榈脂的样品氧化稳定性最好。本产品具有良好的温度稳定性（120 ℃，30 min）、盐离子稳定性（500

mM）及pH稳定性（pH 3~11）。通过添加食品级的SiO2可进一步改善其流动性和速溶性。

关键词：南极磷虾油；油粉；皂皮皂苷；微胶囊；高载量

文章篇号：1673-9078(2020)01-206-213 DOI: 10.13982/.1673-9078.2020.1.029

Preparation and Characteristics of High-oil-load Antarctic Krill Oil

Powder Stabilized by Natural Quillaja Saponin

LI Jin-yu1, CHEN Xiao-wei2, YANG Xiao-quan1

(e of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China)

(e of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China)

Abstract: Antarctic krill oil has attracted much attention as a novel marine functional oil with a very high market value. However, their

susceptibility to oxidation and unpleasant flavour has greatly limited their applications in food, medicine and other industries. In this study,

antarctic krill microcapsule oil powder was prepared by spray-drying and using natural saponins (QS) as the emulsifier, and its flavour and

antioxidant properties were improved through oil phase structuring. Compared with the commercial krill oil powder, QS could stabilize the feed

to enable the production of high-oil-load (75%) powder with the encapsulation rate up to 90.01%. Compared with the commercial krill oil

powder, the use of QS could effectively mask its fishy smell. Its flavor could still be improved after the addition of a structurant, with phytosterol

and oryzanol being the most effective. Moreover, the oxidation stability of the oil powder prepared using QS was higher than that of the

commercial krill oil powder. Adding the antioxidant improved oxidation stability, with the addition of ascorbyl palmitate leading to the highest

oxidation stability. The product obtained in this study possesses good thermal stability (120 ℃, 30 min), salt ion stability (500 mM) and pH

stability (pH 3~11). The addition of food grade SiO2

could further improve fluidity and fast-dissolving properties.

Key words: antarctic krill oil; oil powder; saponin; microencapsulation; high loading

南极磷虾油是从南极磷虾（Euphausiasuperba）中提取的脂质，主要成分包括：甘油酯、磷脂、虾青素、甾醇等；其中磷脂含量可达20.4%~32.7% [1]，其中虾

收稿日期：2019-03-23

基金项目：国家自然科学基金资助项目（31801461；31771923）；广东省天然产物绿加工与产品安全重点实验室开放基金（KL-2018-09）

作者简介：李金玉（1993-），女，硕士研究生，研究方向：植物蛋白工程

通讯作者：杨晓泉（1965-），男，博士，教授，研究方向：植物蛋白质的开发与利用

青素含量高达300 mg/kg[2]；南极磷虾油中还含有丰富的ω-3系列多不饱和脂肪酸（DHA、EPA），且以磷脂形式存在而易吸收，人体吸收率远高于鱼油和海藻油[3,4]。因此，磷虾油有着独特的结构与功能（如易吸收、降血脂、降血压等）而日益受到关注。然而，不饱和脂肪酸极易氧化变质性造成磷虾油品质下降，且腥味较重，限制了其在食品、医药领域的应用。

目前，在我国市场上南极磷虾油产品主要为软胶囊产品，品种成分单一。因此增加南极磷虾油产品种206