高考英语阅读理解分类训练:交通类

阅读理解

When it comes to lowering our carbon emissions (排放), it seems that nothing is simple.

Electric vehicles (EVs) act as an example of potential greenwash. “They seem very attractive at

first sight,” writes The Next Web in a report. “When we look more closely, it becomes clear that

they have a substantial carbon footprint.”

The rare earth metals and costly minerals included as essential ingredients in EV batteries are

not renewable. What’s more, their extraction (提炼) is often anything but green.

So the question is: is it worth it? Just how much emission reduction can EVs justify? Luckily,

a life cycle assessment has been done to give us some answers.

“A life cycle analysis of emissions considers three phases,” writes The Next Web. “the

manufacturing phase, the use phase, and the recycling phase.” In the manufacturing phase, the

battery is to blame. “Emissions from manufacturing EV batteries were estimated to be 3.2 tons of

carbon dioxide (CO2), 1/4 of those from an electric car, 13 tons of CO2. Those were bigger than

emissions from gas cars, 10.5 tons of CO2.” If the vehicle life is assumed to be 150,000

kilometers, emissions from the manufacturing phase of an electric car are higher than gas cars.”

In the use phase, the source of electricity the consumer is using to power their car comes into

play in a major way. “To understand how the emissions of electric car vary with a country’s

renewable electricity share, consider Australia and New Zealand,” continues the report. “In 2018,

Australia’s share of renewables in electricity was about 21%. In contrast, the number in New

Zealand’s was about 84%. Electric car emissions in Australia and New Zealand are estimated at

about 170g and 25g of CO2 per km respectively. As a consumer, our car is only as green as our

country’s energy mix.”

Finally, in the recycling phase, we look at vehicle dismantling(拆除), vehicle recycling,

battery recycling, and material recovery. “The estimated emissions in this phase, based on a study,

are about 1.8 tons for a gas car and 2.4 tons for an electric car. This difference is mostly due to the

emissions from battery recycling, which is 0.7 tons,” shows in the report. “While electric cars

cause more greenhouse gas emissions than gas cars do, it's important to note the recycled batteries

can be used in subsequent batteries. This could have significant emissions reduction benefits in the

future. For complete life cycle emissions, the study shows that EV emissions are 18% lower than

gas cars.”

So here’s the takeaway: EVs are greener. Maybe they’re not as green as we thought. There’s

certainly room for improvement. But the real challenge lies in speeding the global energy

transition toward greener energy-production.

1．Why is a life cycle analysis of emissions made?

A．To illustrate the advantages of EVs.

B．To show how gas cars outperform EVs.

C．To weigh the environmental impact of EVs.

D．To examine the energy sources of gas cars and EVs.

2．How does the author support the underlined statement in Paragraph 5?

A．By giving instructions.

C．By making comparisons.

B．By highlighting features.

D．By analyzing cause and effect.

3．According to the passage, what contributes to EVs’ beating gas cars?

A．Recycling of batteries.

C．Manufacturing technology.

B．Overall driving distance.

D．Government’s energy policy.

4．Which of the following statements does the author support?

A．EVs are worthy of the praise they have received.

B．EVs are not successful for their environmental downsides.

C．EVs will no longer be widely accepted for their emissions.

D．EVs are not truly green until their energy sources become green.

The Chinese high­speed rails have a quality all on its own, because it's so massive. There are

more than twice as many high­speed trains in China as the rest of the world combined.

Firstly, China's technology on building the railway is leading the rest of the world and there is

no sign that any other country could surpass China's position in the near future. Secondly, China's

trains are based on Japanese, German and French models. At last, the scale of Chinese high­speed

train is unthinkable to other countries which has high­speed train network. I had my first

opportunity to ride the high­speed trains last week when I had a business meeting in Zhengzhou.

As someone who grew up with a disdain for public transportation, I was dreading the experience. I

pushed hard to fly, but was told that it would be much better if I took the train. I had traveled on an

Amtrak train before in the US, and hated how slow it was and how many stops there were.

Chinese high­speed trains are on a different level.

First, when I say they are high­speed, I mean they are high­speed. The trains are clean and

the seats are huge. There are ample power outlets and you can't even feel how fast the train is

moving. If there were no windows, I wouldn't be able to tell when we were stopped or when we

were traveling at 300 km/h—it is that smooth. The terminal in Zhengzhou looked like you could

fit a million people in it. It had shops and a food court and the trains would silently pull in and out

of the station perfectly on schedule.

I'm traveling again this week by train and I'm excited. The high­speed trains are incredible.

5．Which of the following is the characteristic of China high­speed rails？

A．China has the most high­speed trains in the world.

B．No other country will surpass China in building the high­speed railway.

C．China makes high­speed trains all by itself.

D．China ranks first in the high­speed rails development from the very beginning.

6．What can we infer from Paragraph 2？

A．The author likes to take public transportation.

B．The author decided to take the trainat first.

C．The author expected his first train experience in China.

D．America falls behind China in railway development.

7．What can we not learn about the author's first rail trip in China？

A．The train run very fast and smoothly.

B．It is convenient to get the cellphone charged on the train.

C．Zhengzhou station is very huge.

D．Zhengzhou station is an important terminal.

8．What does the article mainly talk about？

A．The author's first train experience in China.

B．The advancement of China's high­speed trains.

C．The high­speed railway should be greatly developed in the world.

D．The importance of public transportation.

Urban planners may soon have a new way to measure traffic jams. By putting in the different

routes by which vehicles can travel between locations, researchers have developed a new

computer algorithm (运算法则) that helps quantify regions of jams in urban areas and suggests

ways around them.

The study, published in the Journal of Physics: Complexity, used traffic speeds from taxis in

New York City to demonstrate how road infrastructure (基础设施) and driver behavior can create

complex road networks that differ among cities.

The team approached the issue by designing a computer algorithm to capture the topology-or

relationship between the different routes between locations-of road networks. “We found that the

most significant traffic bottlenecks in Manhattan seem to arise as a result of the city’s structural

layout,” said study co-author Daniel Carmody. “For example, the fact that a bridge enters

Manhattan at a range where traffic is already limited due to Central Park slows traffic in the area

considerably.”

The researchers performed a comparative analysis using traffic patterns in Chengdu, China,

to test if the algorithm works equally well in areas with different layouts. Manhattan has a long

and thin structure, while Chengdu is round. There are significant differences in the way traffic

moves between these two different setups, the researchers said.

“The bottlenecks in Chengdu seem to arise due to the function of the buildings in a particular

area,” Carmody said. “For example, it is hard to travel in and out of the central business district in

Chengdu because of the large amount of traffic alone. Beltways, or faster streets around busy areas,

have emerged in circles around this area, which is not surprising because this feature was

intentionally built into the city.”

In Manhattan, the bridges and underpasses that form the entry and exit points cause traffic

slowdowns. However, in lower Manhattan, where drivers seem to obey the lower posted speed

limits, traffic moves more smoothly, forming a new traffic beltway with the southern end of

Central Park acting as a block between lower and central Manhattan.

“It surprised us that there is an emergent beltway in such a busy area of Manhattan,”

Carmody said. “This indicates that, unlike in Chengdu, beltways seem to arise from driver

behavior even when they aren’t part of the structural plan of a traffic network.”

“The researchers have imagined that this technology could give urban planners a means to

quantify traffic patterns, leading to better traffic,” Carmody said. “As methods of transportation

develop, new problems will emerge, and we hope that our tools will give planners new ways to

measure what is going on with city traffic.”

9．According to the new study, what contributes to traffic jams in Manhattan?

A．The number of bottlenecks and beltways.

B．The location of bridges and underpasses.

C．Road facilities and driver behavior.

D．Road signs and urban population.

10．Researchers also studied Chengdu in order to .

A．compare the layouts of the two cities

B．find better infrastructure for one city

C．design traffic patterns with the algorithm

D．assess the effectiveness of the algorithm

11．Why do vehicles move faster in lower Manhattan?

A．Because of lower posted speed limits.

B．Because drivers follow the traffic rules.

C．Because it is planned in the traffic network.

D．Because a beltway has emerged around the area.

12．Who is the target of this new computer algorithm?

A．City planners.

B．Slower drivers.

C．Infrastructure developers.

D．Road sign designers.

The good news is that more people bought electric cars in 2020. The bad news is that SUVs

continued to grow in popularity, too. The fall in oil consumption due to the first trend was

completely cancelled out by the second, say Laura Cozzi and Apostolos Petropoulos at the

International Energy Agency (IEA) in France.

The growing popularity of SUVs is making it even harder to cut carbon dioxide emissions（排放）and meet climate goals. “Policy-makers need to find ways to persuade consumers to choose

smaller and more efficient cars,” says Petropoulos.

Oil consumption by conventional cars – not including SUVs – is estimated to have fallen 10

percent in 2020, or by more than 1.8 million barrels（桶）a day, Cozzi and Petropoulos say in a

commentary published by the IEA on 15 January. Most of this fall was due to reduced travel and is

likely to be temporary.

But a small part of the drop, around 40,000 barrels a day, was as a result of the increased

share of electric vehicles (EVs). “We have seen a skyrocketing of global electric car sales in 2020,”

says Petropoulos. Unfortunately, the number of SUVs increased as well. While overall car sales

fell in 2020, 42 percent of buyers chose SUVs, up around three percentage points from 2019.

Globally, there are now more than 280 million SUVs being driven, up from fewer than 50

million in 2010. On average, SUVs consume 20 percent more energy per kilometre than a

medium-sized car.

The increase in SUVs in 2020 led to a rise in oil consumption that cancelled out the effect of

electric cars, says Petropoulos. Much the same is true over the past decade. Between 2010 and

2020, global CO2 emissions from conventional cars fell by nearly 350 megatonnes, due to factors

such as fuel efficiency improvements as well as the switch to electric cars. Emissions from SUVs

rose by more than 500 megatonnes.

“While the growth in EVs is encouraging, the increase in SUVs is heart-breaking,” says Glen

Peters at the CICERO climate research centre in Norway.

There are many reasons for the growing popularity of SUVs, says Petropoulos. Rising

prosperity（繁荣）in many countries means more people are able to afford them, for instance.

Some people see them as a symbol of social position. SUVs are also heavily advertised by

car-makers, he says, whose profits are higher on these vehicles.

There are now some electric SUVs available. “Hopefully, in time, you will see electric

vehicles entering the SUV market,” says Peters.

Even if it happens, switching to electric SUVs isn’t an ideal solution. Due to their size and

bigger batteries, it takes more resources to build electric SUVs, and they consume around 15

percent more electricity. Higher electricity demand makes it harder to green the electricity supply.

13．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

A．The SUVs driven in 2019 reached up to 280 million.

B．Electric cars appeared a sharp decline in sales in 2020.

C．Buyers of SUVs in 2020 increased 42 percent than those in 2019.

D．Global SUVs being driven now are over five times as many as those in 2010.

14．From the increase of SUVs, we can infer ________.

A．it could have harmful consequences for the air quality

B．the oil consumption will increase and the price will fall

C．people all over the world are getting wealthier than before

D．the car-makers think it’s unnecessary to advertise any more

15．What can we conclude from the passage?

A．The purchases of SUVs should be reduced.

B．The SUVs should be discontinued immediately.

C．The awareness of using electric cars needs to be improved.

D．Increasing electric cars can solve the problem of oil consumption.

16．What’s the author’s attitude to electric SUVs?

A．Unconcerned.

C．Supportive.

B．Disapproving.

D．Uncertain.

On paper, hydrogen（H2）looks like a dream fuel. Coal, oil, and natural gas produce carbon

dioxide, which warms the earth when burned, Hydrogen produces pure water. Hydrogen packs

more energy into less space than a battery（but certainly less than petrol）. Also, empty tanks（燃料箱）can be refilled with hydrogen much faster than refilling empty batteries with electricity.

While in practice, things are trickier. Storing a meaningful amount of hydrogen gas requires

pressing it several hundred-fold. Changing it into the liquid form is another option, but it should

be cooled to-253C．Both processes require a heavy and strong tank. While a 700 bar tank is

acceptable for a city bus or a truck, adapting it for use in small vehicles is very difficult because

the pressure during refilling would be too great.

The solution? Powerpaste.

A German team of researchers, led by Marcus Vogt, have come up with an interesting

"powerpaste", which can store hydrogen energy at atmospheric pressure, ready for release when

needed. It is so named because it comes in tubes and looks like toothpaste（牙膏）, not in its

traditional form of gas.

The main ingredient（原料）of the paste is magnesium hydride, a substance that reacts with

water to form hydrogen. The escaped hydrogen can then be directed into a fuel cell, where it reacts

with oxygen from the air to produce electric power.

Refueling is very simple, as instead of going to a filling station, drivers and riders can simply

replace an empty tube with a new one and refill the water tank.

Given that powerpaste only begins to break down at temperatures of around 250℃ it remains

safe even when a vehicle stands in the baking sun for hours.

However, we will have to be patient. Just because researchers have succeeded in developing

a new fueling way does not mean that we can expect to see such vehicles on the road anytime

soon. It will indeed be several years before this concept is turned into reality.

17．As a fuel, what is the advantage of hydrogen over oil?

A．Refilling empty tanks will be more convenient.

B．It is less likely to worsen global warming

C．More energy can be packed in the same space.

D．It will produce pure water for people to drink.

18．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?

A．The practical difficulties to use hydrogen as fuel in small vehicles.

B．The detailed processes of adapting a strong tank in small vehicles.

C．The differences in fueling between large vehicles and small ones.

D．The tricks of building strong tanks in small vehicles.

19．The author mentions the refueling process to show that powerpaste is______________.

A．inexpensive B．powerful C．convenient D．environment-friendly

20．Why does the author call on the readers to be patient?

A．Powerpaste-driven vehicles sometimes move very slowly on the road.

B．Practical use of powerpaste-driven vehicles will not come very soon.

C．Powerpaste-driven vehicles can only work after being in the sun for hours

D．It will be years before the researchers work out the concept of powerpaste.

We are fortunate to live in a city that encourages bicycling as a means of

local government has promoted bicycling by improving bike lanes and increasing the number of

them. The growing number of cyclists, however, brings this question to mind: should bicyclists be

required to share the responsibilities of the road? Automobile drivers have to take competency

tests, follow established regulations, and accept punishment for breaking rules. The city requests

drivers to register and license their vehicles to ensure accountability (责任）. Bicyclists who use

public roadways should be held accountable, too.

Let's look at what sharing the road means. For one thing, it should involve cost

registration and license fees are used, in part, for building and maintaining roadways. It seems

only reasonable to ask bicyclists to contribute to transportation funding as well.

More importantly,sharing the road includes accountability. When drivers ignore the rules of

the road, the police and other motorists have the opportunity to identify them by their license plate

number and report their offenses (违法行为）。 This isn't true for bicyclists. I've seen bicyclists

moving quickly between e they show no identification, they feel protected by

anonymity(匿名）。What good would it do to report to the police “I saw a guy on a red bike blow

through the stoplight"? The simple act of making bicyclists identifiable would encourage safer,

more responsible riding.

Of course,I've heard arguments against asking cyclists to register and license their bikes.

Some people might say, “Little kids ride bikes. Would you require a six-year-old rider to take a

test and pay a fee?" Obviously, the city could determine an age when cycling would be considered

a "means of transportation on public roads." Other people argue that bicycle fees are unfair

because bikes don't damage the roadways as cars do. Bicycle registration fees could be

comparatively modest, and the method for displaying a license number could be simple.

Many U.S. cities and towns now implement bike registration and licensing. A statute(法规）from one. California town states that the laws regulating bicycles have a dual purpose, antitheft

and safety. I'm eager to see more bicyclists on the road, and I'm hoping for riders who take their

responsibilities seriously.

21．To advocate responsible cycling, the author suggests

A．increasing the number of bike lanes

B．giving competency tests to all cyclists

C．identifying cyclists through registration

D．reporting cycling offenses more frequently

22．What is the author's purpose in writing Paragraph 4?

A．To explain how bicycle registration and licensing work.

B．To provide solutions to reduce irresponsible cycling of kids.

C．To respond to people's doubts about holding cyclists accountable.

D．To argue against requiring cyclists to register and license their bicycles.

23．What argumentative methods are used in this article?

℃ Using examples

℃ Quoting professionals

℃ Comparing and contrasting

℃ Appealing to readers' emotions

A．℃℃

B．℃℃

C．℃℃

D．℃℃

24．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

A．Should we encourage more cycling in the city?

B．Should cyclists register and license their bikes?

C．What does "sharing the road" mean to cyclists?

D．How can road safety be guaranteed for cyclists?

Kids Flying Alone Guide

Helpful tips for children traveling alone

Airline

Air Tran

Airways

Age

6 to 8 years old — non-stop

or direct flights only

Flights for unaccompanied

$ 110 children cannot be booked

online.

7 to 15 years old — can

British

Airways

travel alone on connecting

flights

6 to 15 years old — non-stop $ 60 for non-stop or direct

$ 60 for flights within UK

Flights for unaccompanied

children cannot be booked

online.

Flights for unaccompanied

Fee per child (each way). Notes

$ 48 for a non-stop flight Unaccompanied children.

6 to 8 years old — non-stop

American

or direct flights only

Frontier

Airlines or direct flights or

connecting flights

flights

$120 for connecting flights

children cannot be booked

online.

Before the flight:Try to book a morning flight. If it is delayed or canceled, you have the rest

of the day to make alternate planes. Make sure your child doesn’t wear any clothing that has his or

her name on it, which would make it easier for a stranger to convince a child he can be trusted.

At the airport:

Make sure the flight attendants know that your child is traveling alone. Make sure that he or

she will be seated in an area of the aircraft that’s convenient for attendants to keep an eye on —

the very front of very back of the aircraft is ideal.

Register your child’s travel plans with the U. S. State Department, which can provide

assistance in an emergency. This is a free service.

What to pack:

Cell phone: If your child doesn’t have a cell phone, buy him or her a pay-as-you-go phone at

a cell phone retailer (零售店) so he or she has an easy form of communication for emergencies.

Gift cards: Invest in a few pre-paid gift cards worth $ 25 or $ 50, This will reduce the worry

of traveling with a large amount of cash.

Family/ friends contact information: Give your child a complete list of names, numbers and

addresses of the people who are picking your child up at the airport.

25．How much should you pay if your child aged eleven travels alone on a connecting flight by

Frontier Airlines?

A．$ 50.

C．$ 120.

26．What can we learn from the passage?

A．Juice or water can’t be brought onto the aircraft.

B．Unaccompanied children can’t fly on the last flight of the day.

C．Pay-as-you-go phones are provided for free at the airport for children without cell phones.

D．Parents can register children’s travel plans with the U. S. State Department for free.

27．Which of the following is recommended for unaccompanied children?

A．Booking them morning flights.

B．$ 75.

D．$ 160.

B．Giving them a large amount of cash.

C．Making them sit in the middle of the aircraft.

D．Dressing them in clothing with their names on it.

The past ages of man have all been carefully labeled by anthropologists（人类学家）.

Descriptions like “Paleolithic(旧石器时代) Man”, “Neolithic(新石器时代) Man”, etc., neatly

sum up whole periods. When the time comes for anthropologists to turn their attention to the

twenty-first century, they will surely choose the label “Legless Man”. Histories of the time will go

something like this: “In the twenty-first century, people forgot how to use their legs. Men and

women moved about in cars, buses and trains from a very early age. There were lifts in all large

buildings to prevent people from walking. And the surprising thing is that they didn’t use their

legs even when they went on holiday. They built cable railways, ski-lifts and roads to the top of

every huge mountain. All the beauty spots on earth were ruined by the presence of large car

parks.”

The future history books might also record that we lost the right of using our eyes. In our

hurry to get from one place to another, we failed to see anything on the way. Air travel gives you a

bird’s-eye view of the world or even less if the wing of the aircraft happens to get in your way.

When you travel by car or train, the unclear picture of the countryside constantly slides over the

window. When you mention the most impressive place-names in the world, the typical 21st

century traveler always says “I’ve been there.”—meaning “I drove through it at 100 miles an hour

on the way to somewhere else.”

When you travel at high speeds, the present means nothing: you live mainly in the future

because you spend most of your time looking forward to arriving at some other place. But actual

arrival, when it is achieved, is meaningless. You want to move on again. By traveling like this, you

skip all experience. The traveler on foot, on the other hand, lives in the present. For him traveling

and arriving are one and the same thing: he arrives somewhere with every step he makes. He

experiences the present moment with his eyes, his ears and the whole of his body. At the end of his

journey he feels a delicious physical tiredness. Satisfying sleep will be his: the just reward of all

true travelers.

28．Anthropologists name man nowadays “Legless Man” because _________.

A．people prefer cars, buses and trains

B．people travel without using legs

C．lifts prevent people from walking

D．people use their legs less and less

29．According to the passage, what might make people lose the right of using their eyes?

A．The modern means of transportation.

C．The unclear sight from the vehicles.

B．A bird’s-eye view of the world.

D．The fast-paced life style.

30．From the passage, we know traveling at high speeds means _________.

A．appreciating beautiful scenery

C．focusing on the next destination

31．What does the author intend to tell us?

A．Modern transportation devices have replaced legs.

B．Traveling makes the world a small place.

C．Human’s history develops very fast.

D．The best way to travel is on foot.

The Netherlands on Monday introduced its first-ever intelligent bicycle, fitted with electronic

devices to help bring down the high accident rate among elderly cyclists in the bicycle-mad

country．

B．experiencing life skills

D．feeling physical tiredness

Developed for the government by the Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research

(TNO), the intelligent bicycle, runs on electricity．A commercial-available bicycle is expected to

be on the market in the next two years and should sell for between 1, 700 to 3, 200 euros per

bicycle．

The devices on the bike are linked through an onboard computer with a vibrating (震动的)

warning system fitted in the bicycle's saddle and handlebars to warn cyclists of the coming danger.

The saddle vibrates when other cyclists approach from behind, while, the handlebars do the same

when barriers appear ahead．

“Accidents often happen when cyclists look behind them or get a fright when they are passed at

high speed,” said Maurice Kwakkernaat, one of TNO's research scientists involved in the project.

“The onboard system technology has already been at work in the car industry,” he said.

“More and more elderly people are using a bicycle, not only for short distances, but also for longer

distances, ”Dutch Environment and Infrastructure Minister Melanie Schultz van Haegen told AFP.

“This type of bicycle is truly needed in the Netherlands because it will help us bring down the

number of elderly people who are injured every year and allow them to continue to enjoy

cycling, ”she said．

In the Netherlands, bicycles outnumber the population of 17 million by at least one million and

there are some 25,000 km of bicycle path in the country. Those statistics are set to grow as more

and more people take to two-wheeled transport, leading to an increased risk of injury.

Last year, 184 cyclists died in the country, of which 124, or 67%, were older than 65, according to

the Central Statistics Office. The year before, 200 cyclists died, the majority of victims also being

elderly.

The current model weighs 25 kilograms but researchers are working on making the onboard

systems smaller.

32．The intelligent bicycle is aimed to ________．

A．protect the environment

B．help reduce traffic pressure

C．popularize the use of bicycles

D．improve safety for elderly cyclists

33．Which part of the intelligent bicycle will vibrate when another cyclist was suddenly found

ahead ?

A．The handlebars.

B．The wheels.

C．The saddle.

D．The onboard computer.

34．We can learn from the passage that ________.

A．the elderly ride bicycles wherever they go

B．the accident rate among elderly cyclists is high

C．the number of elderly cyclists is decreasing

D．the elderly are planning to give up cycling

35．Which is the best title for the passage?

A．A Test Bicycle

B．Elderly Cyclists

C．A Smart Bicycle

D．A Bicycle-mad Country

参考答案：

1．C

2．C

3．A

4．D

【解析】

【导语】

本文为一篇说明文。电动车更环保，但是只有电动汽车实现能源方面的绿，才能实现真正的绿。

1．

细节理解题。根据文章第一、二段内容及第三段“So the question is: is it worth it? Just how

much emission reduction can EVs justify? Luckily, a life cycle assessment has been done to give

us some answers.”（所以问题是：这值得吗？

电动汽车到底能减排多少呢？幸运的是，一个

生命周期评估已经完成，给了我们一些答案。）可知，对排放进行生命周期分析是为了衡量电动汽车对环境的影响。故选C项。

2．

推理判断题。根据文章第五段内容“In 2018, Australia’s share of renewables in electricity was

about 21%. In contrast, the number in New Zealand’s was about 84%. Electric car emissions in

Australia and New Zealand are estimated at about 170g and 25g of CO2 per km respectively.”（在2018年，澳大利亚可再生能源在电力中的份额约为21%。相比之下，新西兰的这一数字约为84%。据估计，澳大利亚和新西兰的电动汽车每公里排放的二氧化碳分别为170克和25克。）可知，作者通过作比较的方法来支持陈述“作为消费者，我们的汽车是否环保取决于我们国家的能源组合。”这一观点。故选C项。

3．

细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段内容“While electric cars cause more greenhouse gas

emissions than gas cars do, it's important to note the recycled batteries can be used in subsequent

batteries. This could have significant emissions reduction benefits in the future. For complete life

cycle emissions, the study shows that EV emissions are 18% lower than gas cars.”（虽然电动汽车比汽油汽车排放更多的温室气体，但需要注意的是，回收电池可以用于后续电池。这可能在未来产生显著的减排效益。研究表明，在整个生命周期的排放中，电动汽车的排放量比汽油汽车低18%。）可知，电动汽车打败汽油汽车的原因是其电池的回收。故选A项。

4．

推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“So here’s the takeaway: EVs are greener. Maybe they’re not as

green as we thought. There’s certainly room for improvement. But the real challenge lies in

speeding the global energy transition toward greener energy-production.”（所以结论是：电动汽车更环保。也许它们没有我们想的那么环保。当然还有改进的余地。但真正的挑战在于加快全球能源向绿能源生产的转变。）可知，实现了能源方面的绿，电动汽车才是真正绿的。故选D项。

5．A

6．D

7．D

8．B

【解析】

【分析】

本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过自身乘坐高铁的经历讲述了中国高铁的发展现状和先进性。5．

细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“There are more than twice as many high­speed trains in China

as the rest of the world combined.”（中国高铁的数量是世界其他地区高铁数量总和的两倍多）可知，中国的高铁数量是世界上最多的。故选A。

6．

推理判断题。根据第二段尤其是最后两句“I had traveled on an Amtrak train before in the US,

and hated how slow it was and how many stops there were. Chinese high­speed trains are on a

different level.”（我以前在美国乘坐过美国铁路公司的火车，我讨厌它有多慢，停了多少站。中国的高铁处在不同的水平上。）可推知，美国的铁路发展不及中国，故选D。

7．

细节理解题。根据第三段第四句“If there were no windows, I wouldn't be able to tell when we

were stopped or when we were traveling at 300 km/h—it is that smooth. ”（如果没有窗户，我都不知道火车是什么时候停下来的，还是以300公里/小时的速度行驶的——真是太平稳了。）可知A项The train run very fast and smoothly.（火车开得又快又平稳。）正确；根据第三句“There are ample power outlets and you can't even feel how fast the train is moving.”（这里有充足的电源插座，你甚至感觉不到火车开得有多快。）可知B项It is convenient to get the

cellphone charged on the train.（在火车上给手机充电很方便。）正确；根据第五句“The terminal

in Zhengzhou looked like you could fit a million people in it.”（郑州站看起来可以容纳一百万人。）可知C项Zhengzhou station is very huge.（郑州站很大）正确；D项Zhengzhou station is

an important terminal.（郑州站是一个重要的终点站。）并未在本段提及。故选D。

8．

主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“The Chinese high­speed rails have a quality all on its own,

because it's so massive. There are more than twice as many high­speed trains in China as the rest

of the world combined.”（中国的高铁有其自身的质量，因为它是如此巨大。中国的高铁数量是世界其他地区总和的两倍多。）根据第二段“Firstly, China's technology on building the

railway is leading the rest of the world and there is no sign that any other country could surpass

China's position in the near future.”（首先，中国的铁路建设技术领先世界其他国家，没有迹象表明任何其他国家可以在不久的将来超过中国的地位）可知，本章一开始就提到了中国高

铁的先进发展，然后具体通过作者自己在中国第一次乘高铁的经历进一步证明中国高铁的先进之处，故选B。

9．C

10．D

11．B

12．A

【解析】

【分析】

这是一篇说明文。研究人员开发出了一种新的计算机运算法则，该法则可以帮助城市规划者量化城市地区的拥堵区域，处理交通堵塞的问题。

9．

细节理解题。根据第二段中“The study, published in the Journal of Physics: Complexity, used

traffic speeds from taxis in New York City to demonstrate how road infrastructure (基础设施) and

driver behavior can create complex road networks that differ among cities. (这项发表在《物理学杂志：复杂性》上的研究，利用纽约市出租车的交通速度，展示了道路基础设施和司机的行为是如何在不同城市中创造出复杂的道路网络的)”可知，根据这项新研究，是道路设施与驾驶员行为导致了曼哈顿的交通堵塞。故选C项。

10．

推理判断题。根据第四段中“The researchers performed a comparative analysis using traffic

patterns in Chengdu, China, to test if the algorithm works equally well in areas with different

layouts. (研究人员利用中国成都的交通模式进行了对比分析，以测试该运算法则在不同布局的地区是否同样有效)”可知，研究人员也对成都进行了研究，以评估运算法则的有效性。故选D项。

11．

细节理解题。根据第六段中“However, in lower Manhattan, where drivers seem to obey the lower

posted speed limits, traffic moves more smoothly (然而，在曼哈顿下城，司机似乎遵守较低的限速，交通移动更平稳)”可知，因为司机遵守交通规则，所以曼哈顿下城的车辆跑得更快。故选B项。

12．

推理判断题。根据第一段中“Urban planners may soon have a new way to measure traffic jams.

(城市规划者可能很快就会有一种处理交通堵塞的新方法)”可知，这个新的计算机运算法则的目标人是城市规划者。故选A项。

13．D

14．A

15．A

16．B

【解析】

【分析】

这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了更多的人购买了电动汽车使得石油消费下降，然而SUV的受欢迎程度也在持续增长，这使得减少二氧化碳排放和实现气候目标变得更加困难。

13．

细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Globally, there are now more than 280 million SUVs being driven,

up from fewer than 50 million in 2010.（在全球范围内，目前有超过2.8亿辆SUV被驾驶，而2010年这一数字还不到5000万辆。）”可知，目前全球SUV的使用量是2010年的5倍多。故选D。

14．

推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The growing popularity of SUVs is making it even harder to cut

carbon dioxide emissions and meet climate goals.（SUV越来越受欢迎，这使得减少二氧化碳排放和实现气候目标变得更加困难。）”和文章第六段“The increase in SUVs in 2020 led to a

rise in oil consumption that cancelled out the effect of electric cars, says Petropoulos… SUVs rose

by more than 500 megatonnes.( Petropoulos说，2020年SUV的增加导致了石油消耗的增加，抵消了电动汽车的影响。过去十年的情况也大致如此。从2010年到2020年，由于燃油效率的提高以及转向电动汽车等因素，传统汽车的全球二氧化碳排放量下降了近350万吨。越野车的排放量增加了500多万吨。)”可知，它可能会对空气质量产生有害的后果。故选A。

15．

推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The bad news is that SUVs continued to grow in popularity, too.（坏消息是suv的受欢迎程度也在持续增长。）、文章第二段“The growing popularity of SUVs

is making it even harder to cut carbon dioxide emissions and meet climate goals.（suv越来越受欢迎，这使得减少二氧化碳排放和实现气候目标变得更加困难。）”和文章第七段““While the

growth in EVs is encouraging, the increase in SUVs is heart-breaking,” says Glen Peters at the

CICERO climate research centre in Norway.（挪威西塞罗气候研究中心的格伦•彼得斯说:“虽然”）”可推知，SUV的购买应该减少。电动汽车的增长令人鼓舞，但SUV的增长却令人心碎。故选A。

16．

推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Even if it happens, switching to electric SUVs isn’t an ideal

solution. Due to their size and bigger batteries, it takes more resources to build electric SUVs, and

they consume around 15 percent more electricity. Higher electricity demand makes it harder to

green the electricity supply.（即使发生这种情况，换成电动SUV也不是一个理想的解决方案。由于它们的体积和更大的电池，制造电动SUV需要更多的资源，它们大约多消耗15%的电力。更高的电力需求使得环保电力供应变得更加困难。）”可推知，作者对于电动SUV持反对意见。故选B。

17．B

18．A

19．C

20．B

【解析】

【分析】

这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了氢是一种理想的燃料，它与煤、石油和天然气相比所具有的优势以及它取代煤、石油和天然气所面临的困难和解决办法。

17．

细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二句“Coal, oil, and natural gas produce carbon dioxide, which

warms the earth when burned, Hydrogen produces pure water.”(煤、石油和天然气产生二氧化碳，燃烧时会使地球变暖，而氢产生纯水。)可知，作为燃料，氢比石油具有的优点是它不太可能加剧全球变暖。故选B项。

18．

主旨大意题。根据文章第二段第一句“While in practice, things are trickier.”(而在实践中，情况就复杂多了。)及第二段最后一句“While a 700 bar tank is acceptable for a city bus or a truck,

adapting it for use in small vehicles is very difficult because the pressure during refilling would be

too great.”(虽然700巴的油箱可以用在城市公共汽车或卡车上，但要把它改装成适用于小型车辆却非常困难，因为加注过程中的压力太大了。)可知，第二段主要讲的是在小型车辆中

使用氢作为燃料的实际困难。故选A项。

19．

推理判断题。根据文章倒数第三段 “Refueling is very simple, as instead of going to a filling

station, drivers and riders can simply replace an empty tube with a new one and refill the water

tank.”(加油很简单，司机和乘客不需要去加油站，只需用一个新管子替换空管子，然后给水箱加水。)可知，作者提到了加油过程，说明给车辆加膏状氢燃料是很方便的。故选C项。

20．

细节理解题。根据文章最后一段最后两句“Just because researchers have succeeded in

developing a new fueling way does not mean that we can expect to see such vehicles on the road

anytime soon. It will indeed be several years before this concept is turned into reality.”(仅仅是因为研究人员成功地开发出了一种新的加油方式并不意味着我们可以期待在短期内看到这样的车辆上路。实际上，这一概念要成为现实还需要数年的时间。)可知，作者呼吁读者要有耐心是因为这种新动力驱动的汽车的实际应用尚需时日，不会很快到来。故选B项。

21．C

22．C

23．D

24．B

【解析】

【分析】

这是一篇议论文。本文主要讲述骑自行车的人是否应该注册并给他们的自行车颁发牌照。

21．

细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句话“The city requests drivers to register and license their

vehicles to ensure accountability (责任）. Bicyclists who use public roadways should be held

accountable, too.”可知，市政府要求司机登记并给他们的车辆上牌，以确保责任追究。骑自

行车的人使用公共道路也应承担责任。由此可知，作者建议通过登记识别骑车人。故选C。22．

推理判断题。根据第四段“ Some people might say, “Little kids ride bikes. Would you require a

six-year-old rider to take a test and pay a fee?" Obviously, the city could determine an age when

cycling would be considered a "means of transportation on public roads." Other people argue that

bicycle fees are unfair because bikes don't damage the roadways as cars do. Bicycle registration

fees could be comparatively modest, and the method for displaying a license number could be

simple.”（。有些人可能会说，“小孩子骑自行车。你会要求一个6岁的骑手参加考试并支付费用吗？”很明显，这个城市可以确定一个年龄，自行车将被视为“公共道路上的交通工具”。其他人认为自行车收费不公平，因为自行车不会像汽车那样损坏道路。自行车登记费可以相对较低，显示牌照号码的方法也可以很简单。）可知，作者描述第四段的目的是回应人们对骑自行车者问责的质疑。故选C。

23．

推理判断题。阅读第一段““The city requests drivers to register and license their vehicles to

ensure accountability (责任）. Bicyclists who use public roadways should be held accountable, too.（市政府要求司机登记并给他们的车辆上牌，以确保责任追究。骑自行车的人使用公共道路也应承担责任。）”可知，

此处作者通过将汽车和自行车进行对比来支持自己的观点；根据最后一段“Many U.S. cities and towns now implement bike registration and licensing.（许多美国城市和乡镇现在实施自行车登记和发放牌照。）可知，作者也通过具体的例子来支持自己的观点。由此可知，作者在本文通过举例子和作比较的方式来支持自己的论点。故选D。

24．

主旨大意题。阅读文章内容，并根据第一段“The growing number of cyclists, however, brings

this question to mind: should bicyclists be required to share the responsibilities of the road? ”可知，越来越多的骑自行车的人提出了这样一个问题:骑自行车的人应该分担道路责任吗?由此可知，本文主要讲述骑自行车的人是否应该注册并给他们的自行车颁发牌照。所以短文的最佳标题为“骑自行车的人应该注册并给他们的自行车颁发牌照吗”。故选B。

25．C

26．D

27．A

【解析】

【分析】

本文是应用文。文章是关于孩子独自乘坐航班的指南。

25．

细节理解题。根据表格中最后一栏“6 to 15 years old — non-stop or direct flights or connecting

flights.” “$120 for connecting flights”可知，如果乘坐Frontier航空公司的航班，11岁的孩子独自乘坐转接航班，应该付120美元。故选C项。

26．

细节理解题。根据At the airport部分中“Register your child’s travel plans with the U. S.

State Department, which can provide assistance in an emergency. This is a free service. ”可知，父母可以向美国国务院免费登记孩子的旅行计划，以供在紧急情况下提供帮助。故选D项。

27．

细节理解题。根据Before the flight部分中“Try to book a morning flight. If it is delayed or

canceled, you have the rest of the day to make alternate planes.”可知，建议父母给孩子预订早上的航班。这样如果航班延误或取消，还会有时间来安排其他的航班。故选A项。

28．D

29．A

30．C

31．D

【解析】

【分析】

试题分析：由于种种现代化交通设施、人们不需用脚走路，甚至也不需要用眼看景，出门就坐汽车、公交车、地铁、飞机等等，这些交通方式速度飞快，外边的景物难以看清，最终导致人们忘记用脚、用眼看风景，成为“无脚之人”，什么都经历不到。作者建议最佳的旅游方法是徒步――经历现实。

28．推理判断题。根据第一段后半部分可知，人类学家把以往年代的人们分别标上旧石器时代、新石器时代人，等等。干脆利落地总结了一个时期。当他们转向21世纪，他们肯定会标上“无脚的人”。因为在21世纪，人们忘了如何用脚走路。男人女人早晚外出都坐车、公共汽车、火车。大楼里由电梯、自动扶梯，不需要人们走路。即使度假期间，他们也不用脚。他们筑有缆车道、滑雪电梯和直通山顶的路。所有的风景旅游区都有大型的汽车停车场。因

此推断人类学家给如今的人命名为“无脚的人”是应为人们越来越少的使用自己的脚。故选D。29．推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，未来的历史书也许会记录下我们也失去了用眼的权利，由一个地方匆忙转向另一地方时，路上什么我们都没有见到。乘飞机你只能俯视世界，火车，汽车，只见外界朦胧景象掠过窗子。海上旅游，只见到海。“我到过那里”此话含义就是“我以一小时一百英里在去某某地方时经过那里”。因此推断现代交通工具让人们失去了用眼的权利。故选A。

30．推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句话When you travel at high speeds, the present means

nothing: you live mainly in the future because you spend most of your time looking forward to

arriving at some other place.可知，当你高速旅行时，现在就是零，因为你大部分时间盯在前面到达的某个地方，因此你总是生活在未来。真到了目的地，又没有意义了，你还要再向前进。因此推断高速旅行的意思是人们总是集中在下一个目的。故选C。

31．写作目的题。纵观全文可知，文章一、二段分别讲述了现代旅行可不用脚、不用眼等情况。第三段讲述人们只知向前向前，一切经历都停滞，现实不再是现实。而用脚走路的旅行者总是生活在现在，对他来说旅行和到达是一回事，他一步一步走到某地，用眼睛、耳朵，以至整个身体去体验每一时刻、旅行终点，他感到全身舒坦和愉悦的疲劳，美美享受满足的酣睡；一切真正旅行者的回报。因此推断作者写文章的目的是告诉读者走路是旅行的最佳方式。故选D。

32．D

33．A

34．B

35．C

【解析】

【导语】

本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了

一种新型的、灵巧的

自行车。

32．

细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The Netherlands on Monday introduced its first-ever intelligent

bicycle, fitted with electronic devices to help bring down the high accident rate among elderly

cyclists in the bicycle-mad country.(周一，荷兰推出了其首款智能自行车，配备了电子设备，以帮助降低这个热爱自行车的国家的老年自行车手的高事故率。)”可知，这种自行车是为了提高年龄较大的骑行者骑车的安全性。故选D。

33．

细节理解题。根据文章第三段的“The saddle vibrates when other cyclists approach from behind,

while, the handlebars do the same when barriers appear ahead.(当其他骑自行车的人从后面靠近时，车座会振动，而当前方出现障碍物时，车把也会振动。)”可知，当另一个骑自行车的人突然出现在前面时，智能自行车的车把会震动。故选A。

34．

推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段的“Last year, 184 cyclists died in the country, of which 124,

or 67%, were older than 65, according to the Central Statistics Office. The year before, 200

cyclists died, the majority of victims also being elderly.(据中央统计局的数据，去年，中国有184名骑自行车者死亡，其中124人，即67%，年龄超过65岁。前年，有200名骑自行车的人死亡，其中大多数受害者也是老年人.)”可知，根据所给出的各种数据，老年骑自行车者的事故率很高，故选B。

35．

主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“The Netherlands on Monday introduced its first-ever intelligent

bicycle, fitted with electronic devices to help bring down the high accident rate among elderly

cyclists in the bicycle-mad country.(周一，荷兰推出了其首款智能自行车，配备了电子设备，以帮助降低这个热爱自行车的国家的老年自行车手的高事故率。)”以及纵观全文可知，，文章主要讲述的是新型的Smart Bicycle的一些特有的功能，故可知文章的题目应选C“一款只能自行车”。故选C。