incoterms--国际贸易术语中英文对照解释(全)

Foreword

By Rajat Gupta, ICC Chairman

The global economy has given business broader access

than ever before to markets all over the world. Goods

are sold in more countries，in large quantities, and in

greater variety. But as the volume and complexity of

global sales increase, so do possibilities for

misunderstandings and costly disputes when sale

contracts are not adequately drafted.

The Incoterms® rules, the ICC rules on the use of

前言

国际商会主席 Rajat Gupta

全球经济一体化使得商业通向世界各地市场的途径空前宽广。各种各样的货物被销售到世界各地。然而，随着全球贸易数额的增加和贸易复杂性的加强，因贸易合同起草不恰当而带来的误解和高代价争端也可能随之增加。

国际贸易术语解释通则，国际商会规则在国内和国际贸易用语的使用促进了全球贸易的进行。在贸易合同中引domestic and international trade terms, facilitate the

用国际贸易术语解释通则 2010 可明确界定各方义务并conduct of global trade. Reference to an Incoterms 2010

降低法律纠纷产生的风险。

rule in a sale contract clearly defines the parties'

respective obligations and reduces the risk of legal

complications.

后，此项在全球范围内被采用的合同标准就经常性地更

自从1936年国际商会制定出国际贸易术语解释通则之Since the creation of the Incoterms rules by ICC in 1936, 新换代，与国际贸易的发展步调一致。国际贸易术语解this globally accepted contractual standard has been 释通则2010考虑了免税贸易区的不断增加，电子沟通在regularly updated to keep pace with the development of 商务中的不断增多，以及被更加重视的货物运输中的安international trade. The Incoterms 2010 rules take 全和变化等问题。国际贸易术语解释通 则2010更新并account of the continued spread of customs-free zones, 加强了交货规则，将规则总量从13条减少到了11条，the increased use of electronic communications in 并且使得所有规则的表述更加简洁明确。国际贸易术语business transactions, heightened concern about 解释通则2010同时也是第一个使得所有在买卖双方中的security in the movement of goods and consolidates in 适用保持中立的第一个国际贸易术语解释版本。

transport practices. Incoterms2010 updates and

consolidates the 'delivered' rules, reducing the total

number of rules from 13 to 11, and offers a simpler and

国际商会的商法和实践委员会成员来自世界各地和多个

clearer presentation of all the rules. Incoterms 2010 贸易部门，该委员会广泛的专业技能确保了国际贸易术is also the first version of the Incoterms rules to make 语解释通则2010与各地的商贸需求相适应。

all references to buyers and sellers gender-neutral.

The broad expertise of ICC's Commission on Commercial

Law and Practice, whose membership is drawn from all

parts of the world and all trade sectors, ensures that

the Incoterms 2010 rules respond to business needs

everywhere defines the parties' respective obligations

and reduces the risk of legal complications.

ICC would like to express its gratitude to the members

of the Commission, chaired by Fabio Bortolotti (Italy),

国际商会向Fabio Bortolotti（意大利）的商法和实践委员会的成员表示谢意，向由Charles Debattista（副组长，英国），Christoph Martin Radtke（副组长，法国），Jens Bredow （德国），Johnny Herre（瑞典），David Lwee（英国），Lauri Railas（芬兰），Frank Reynold（美国），Miroslav Subert（捷克）组成的起草小组致谢，并且向对11条规则的表述给予帮助的Asko Raty（芬兰）致谢。

to the Drafting Group, which comprised Charles

Debattista (Co-Chair, France), Jens Bredow (Germany),

介绍

Johnny Herre (Sweden), David Lwee (UK), Lauri Railas

(Finland), Frank Reynolds (US),and Miroslav Subert

Incoterms®规则规定了一系列在货物销售商业合同实践(Szech Republic), and to Asko Raty (Finland) for

中使用的三字母系列贸易术语 Incoterms®规则主要描assistance with the images depicting the 11 rules.

述了货物从卖方到买方运输过程中涉及的责任，费用和风险的划分。

INTRODUCTION

如何适用 Incoterms®2010 规则

如果要使合同适用 Incoterms 规则 2010，应在合同中The Incoterms® rules explain a set of three-letter trade

1.把 Incoterms®2010 规则应用到销售合同中

terms reflecting business-to-business practice in

contracts for the sale of goods. The Incoterms® rules

明确表明，例如：所选择的 Incoterms 规则（含指定地describe mainly the tasks, costs and risks involved in

点）适用 Incoterms®规则 2010。

the delivery of goods from sellers to buyers.

2. 选择适宜的 Incoterms 规则

所选的 Incoterms 规则需要与货物，采取的运输方式相

How to use the Incoterms® 2010 rules

1. Incorporate the Incoterms® 2010 rules into your

contract of sale

If you want the Incoterms® 2010 rules to apply to your

contract, you should make this clear in the contract,

through such words as, “[the chosen Incoterms rule

适宜，最重要的是合同双方是否意欲添加额外的义务，例如将办理运输或保险的义务加于买方或卖方。每个贸易术语的指导性解释中的信息对作出如此的决定非常有including the named place, followed by] Incoterms®

帮助。不论选用何种 Incoterms 规则，双方应该意识到2010”.

对合同的解释会受到使用的港口或地址惯例影响。

2. Choose the appropriate Incoterms rule

The chosen Incoterms rule needs to be appropriate to the

goods, to the means of their transport, and above all

3.尽可能精准地描述你方地址或港口名称

to whether the parties intend to put additional

obligations, for example such as the obligation to

只有当事人双方选定特定的一个收货地或港口时，所选organize carriage or insurance, on the seller or on the

buyer. The Guidance Note to each Incoterms rule contains

information that is particularly helpful when making

规则越有效。

术语才能发挥作用。地点或港口名称越精准，Incoterms

this choice. Whichever Incoterms rule is chosen, the

以下精准描述就是一个很好的例子：

parties should be aware the interpretation of their

FCA38 Cours Albert 1er，法国巴黎，2010通则

contract may well be influenced by customs particular

to the port or place being used.

在 Incoterms 规则下：

EXW 工厂交货（……指定地点）

3. Specify your place or port as precisely as possible

The chosen Incoterms rule can work only if the parties

FCA 货交承运人(……指定地点)”

name a place or port, and will work best if the parties

DAT 终点站交货(……指定目的地)

specify the place or port as precisely as possible.

A good example of such precision would be:：

“FCA 38 Cours Albert 1er, Paris, France Incoterms

DDP 完税后交货(……指定目的地)

2010”.

Under the Incoterms rule

Ex Works(EXW),

Free Carrier(FCA),

Delivered at Terminal(DAT),

Delivered at Place(DAP),

Delivered Duty Paid(DDP),

FOB 船上交货(……指定装运港)

此处所指地点为交货地点，同时风险也从卖方转移至买方。

Incoterms 规则下

CPT 运费付至（……指定目的地）

CIP 运费、保险费付至(…指定目的地)

FAS 船边交货(……指定装运港)

DAP 地点交货 (……指定目的地)

Free Alongside Ship(FAS),

and Free on Board(FOB),

the named place is the place where delivery takes place

and

where risk passes from the seller to the buyer.

Under the Incoterms rule

Carriage Paid to (CPT),

Carriage and Insurance Paid to(CIP),

Cost and Freight(CFR)

Cost, Insurance and Freight(CIF),

CFR 成本加运费(……指定目的港)

CIF 成本、保险费 加运费(指定目的港)

所指地点随交货地不同而不同。在这四条 Incoterms 规则下，所指地点为运费付至地。

为了避免疑问和争议，指定地点或目的地可以进一步阐述为一个精确的地点。

4．谨记 Incoterms 规则并没有给当事人提供一份完整的销售合同

Incoterm 规则确有阐述销售合同中当事人的特定义务，当卖方将货物运至买方时，办理运输和保险义务的承担。

The named place differs from the place of delivery. Under

然而，Incoterms 并没有任何关于付款价格或付款方式these four Incoterms rules, the named place is the place

的规定，或是货物所有权的转移，违约的后果等。这些of destination to which carriage is paid.

问题通常是通过销售合同的明示条款和适用的法律条文Indications as to place or destination can helpfully be

来解决。当事人需要注意的是，当地强制适用的法律有further specified by stating a precise point in that

可能优先于销售合同的内容，包括所选择的 Incoterms

place or destination in order to avoid doubt or argument.

规则。

4. Remember that Incoterms rules do not give you a

Incoterms®2010 的主要特征

complete contract of sale

1.两个新的贸易术语，即 DAT 和 DAP 代替了原来Incoterms rules do say which party to the sale contract

Incoterms2000 的 DAF,DES,DEQ 和 DDU 术语。

has the obligation to make carriage or insurance

贸易术语的数量从原来的 13 个减少到 11 个。

arrangements, when the seller delivers the goods to the

buyer, and which costs each party is responsible for.

Incoterms2010 用两个可以不顾及已议定的运输模式的

Incoterms rules, however, say nothing about the price

替了 Incoterms2000 中的 DAF,DES,SEQ 和 DDU术语。

to be paid or the method of its payment. Neither do they

deal with the transfer of ownership of the goods, or the

consequences of a breach of contract. These matters are

DAT 和 DAP 术语都规定需在指定地点交货：在 DAT情况下，从运输工具上卸下货物交由买方处置（这和先前的

DEQ 术语一样）；在 DAP 情况下同样交由买方处置，但新术语——DAT，目的地交货和 DAP，指定地交货——代normally dealt with through express terms in the

需做好卸货的准备（这和先前的 DAF, DES和DDU 术语一样）。

contract of sale or in the law governing that contract.

The parties should be aware that mandatory local law may

新贸易术语的使用，使Incoterms 2000中的DES和DEQ成为多余。DAT的目的地可以是港口，因此DAT可以用于在override any aspect of the sale contract, including the

Incoterms 2000下DEQ适用的情况。同样的，DAP中运达chosen Incoterms rules.

Main features of the Incoterm@2010 rules

货物的交通工具可以是轮船，而目的地也可以是港口，因此DAP可以用于Incoterms2000下DES适用的情况。这两1. Two new Incoterms ruls – DAT and DAP – have

个新的术语，和先前的几个术语一样，是由卖方承担所replaced the Incoterms 2000 rules DAF, DES DEQ and

DDU.

The number of Incoterms rules has been reduced from 13

to 11.

This has been achieved by substituting two rules that

may be used irrespective of the agreed mode of transport

有费用（除了与进口清算有关的费用）和货物到达目的地前的风险。

2. Incoterms®2010 中 11 种贸易术语的分类

Incoterms®2010 11 种贸易术语目前被分为两类：

— DAT, Delivered at Terminal, and DAP, Delivered at

Place — for the Incoterms 2000 rules DAF, DES, DEQ and

DDU.

Under both new rules, delivery occurs at a named

适用于任何运输方式的术语：

EXW 工厂交货

货交承运人

运费付至

运费及保险费付至

目的地交货

所在地交货

完税后交货

destination: in DAT, at the buyer’s disposal unloaded

FCA

from the arriving vehicle (as under the former DEQ rule);

in DAP, likewise at the buyer’s disposal, but ready for

unloading (as under the former DAF, DES and DDU rules).

The new rules make the Incoterms 2000 rules DES and DEQ

superfluous. The named terminal in DAT may well be in

a port, and DAT can therefore safely be used in cases

DAP

DDP

CIP

DAT

CPT

适用于海上和内陆水上运输的术语：

where the Incoterms 2000 rule DEQ once was. Likewise,

the arriving “vehicle” under DAP may well be a ship

FAS

FOB

and the named place of destination may well be a port:

CFR

船边交货

船上交货

成本加运费

成本、保险费加运费

consequently, DAP can safely be used in cases where the

CIF

Incoterms 2000 rule DES once was. These new rules, like

their predecessors, are “delivered”, with the seller

bearing all the costs (other than those related to import

第一种分类中的七种贸易术语不用考虑所选用运输方式的种类。EXW,FCA,CPT,CIP,DAT,DAP 和 DDP 都属于第一种分类。它们甚至可以运用于没有海上运输的情况下。clearance, where applicable) and risks involved in

谨记只要运输中一个部分运用过船只便可以适用此类术bringing the goods to the named place of destination.

语。

2. Classification of the 11 Incoterms® 2010 rules

The 11 Incoterms® 2010 rules are presented in two

distinct classes：

RULES FOR ANY MODE OR MODES OF

TRANSPOTR

EXW

FCA

CPT

CIP

DAT

DAP

EX WORKS

船。这更准确的反应了现代商业现实，避了以往风险围FREE CARRIER

CARRIAGE PAID TO

CARRIAGE AND INSURANCE PAID TO

DELIVERED AT TERMINAL

DELIVERED AT PLACE

DELIVERED DUTY PAID

绕船舷这条虚拟垂线来回摇摆。

3.国内贸易和国际贸易的规定

传统的 Incoterms 规则只在国际销售合同中运用，此种交易货物运输都需跨越国界。在世界许多地区，商业集团如欧盟使得不同国家间的过关手续不再重要。所以，FREE ALONGSIDE SHIP

FREE ON BOARD

COST AND FREIGHT

COST INSURANCE AND FREIGHT

Incoterms®2010 正式认可所有的贸易规则既可以适用于国内交易也可以适用于国际交易。所以，Incoterms®2010 在一些地方明确规定，只有在适当的时CFR

CIF

候，才有义务遵从进口或者出口的手续。

港口，所以只适用于“海上或内陆水上运输”。FAS,FOB,CFR 和 CIF 都属于这一类。最后的三个术语，删除了以越过船舷为交货标准而代之以将货物装运上在第二类术语中，交货点和把货物送达买方的地点都是

DDP

RULES FOR SEA AND INLAND WATERWAY TRANSPORT

FAS

FOB

The first class includes the seven Incoterms® 2010 rules

that can be used irrespective of the mode of transport

两个新发展使得 ICC 相信向这个方向的改革是适宜的。selected and irrespective of whether one or more than

首先，商人们普遍在国内贸易合同使用Incoterms2010

one mode of transport is employed. EXW, FCA, CPT, CIP,

规则。其次，比起先前提到的统一的商业规则中的运输DAT, DAP and DDP belong to this class. They can be used

和交付术语，在国内贸易中更多美国人愿意使用

even when there is no maritime transport at all. It is

Incoterms2010 中的术语。

important to remember, however, that these rules can be

used in cases where a ship is used for part of the

4．引言

carriage.

In the second class of Incoterms® 2010 rules, the point

在 Incoterms®2010 的每条规则前面，都有一条引言。引言解释每条贸易规则的基本内容，比如说什么时候被运用到，什么时候风险转移，还有费用在卖方和买方间of delivery and the place to which the goods are carried

是怎样分配的等等。引言并不是 Incoterms®2010的内to the buyer are both ports, hence the label “sea and

容，但是它们能帮助使用者更准确更有效率的针对特定的贸易运用合适的贸易条款。

inland waterway” rules. FAS, FOB, CFR and CIF belong

to this class. Under the last three Incoterms rules, all

mention of the ship’s rail as the point of delivery has

上一版本的 Incoterms 规则已经确定了可以被电子数been omitted in preference for the goods being delivered

据交换信息替代的文件。然而 Incoterms®规则 2010中

5.电子通信

when they are “on board” the vessel. This more closely

的 A1/B1 赋予电子通信方式和纸质通讯相同的效果，只reflects modern commercial reality and avoids the

要缔约双方同意或存在国际惯例。这一规定有利于促进

Incoterms®规则 2010 中新的电子程序的演进。

rather dated image of the risk swinging to and fro across

an imaginary perpendicular line.

3. Rules for domestic and international trade

Incoterms rules have traditionally been used in

6.保险范围

Incoterms®规则 2010 是协会货物条款修订以来的最新版国际贸易术语规则，并就对那些条款的变更做了考虑。international sale contracts where goods pass across

Incoterms® 规则 2010 把关系到保险的信息义务规定national boarders. In various areas of the world,

在 A3/B3，这涉及到运输和保险合同。这些条款已经从however, trade blocs, like the European Union, have made

border formalities between different countries less

significant. Consequently, the subtitle of the

更为普通的国际贸易术语 2000 中 A10/B10的文章中删除。为了明确缔约双方的义务，条款 A2/B3中涉及保险的行文也做了变化。

Incoterms® 2010 rules formally recognize that they are

available for application to both international and

domestic sale contracts. As a result, the Incoterms®

2010 rules clearly state in a number of places that the

7. 与安全有关的清关需要的信息

现在人们高度关注货物运输中的安全问题，需要确认货物不会对生命和财产有威胁，除了其自身固有的属性。

obligation to comply with export/import formalities

exists only where applicable.

因此，Incoterms®规则 2010 已经在买家和卖家间分配

Two developments have persuaded ICC that a movement in 了义务，在与安全有关的清关获得或者提供帮助，例如this direction is timely. Firstly, traders commonly use 在多种多样的国际贸易术语中 A2/B2 和 A10/B10的监Incoterms rules for purely domestic sale contract. The 管链相关信息。

States to use Incoterm rules in domestic trade rather

second reason is the greater willingness in the Unites

than the former Uniform Commercial Code shipment and

delivery terms.

4. Guidance Notes

Before each Incoterms® 2010 rule you will find a Guidance

Note. The Guidance Notes explain the fundamentals of

each Incoterms rule, such as when it should be used, when

risk passes, and how costs are allocated between seller

and buyer. The Guidance Notes are not part of the actual

Incoterms® 2010 rules, but are intended to help the user

accurately and efficiently steer towards the

appropriate Incoterms rule for a particular

transaction.

5. Electronic communication

8. 终点站操作费

在国际贸易术语 CPT，CIP，CIF，DAT，DAP 和 DDP项下，卖家必须做好安排使货物到达指定目的地。虽然运费是由卖方支付的，但因为运费一般被卖方包含在销售价格中所以实际上运费是由买方支付的。货运费有时包括港口或集装箱码头内的理货和运输费用，承运人和终点站运营方也可能向收到货物的买家收取这笔费用。在这种情况下，买家会想要避免对同一服务重复付费：一次付给卖家作为销售价格中的一部分，一次单独地付给承运人或者终点站运营方。Incoterms®规则 2010在相关国际贸易术解释规则的 A6/B6 条款明确的分配此项费用，力求避免重复付费。

Previous versions of Incoterms rules have specified

9. 连环合同

those documents that could be replaced by EDI messages.

与工业制成品的销售不同，在农矿产品的销售中，货物Articles A1/B1 of the Incoterms® 2010 rules, however,

经常在沿销售链运转过程中被频繁销售多次。这种情况now give electronic means of communication the same

下，在运输中的卖家不用再运输货物，因为货物已被第effect as paper communication, as long as the parties

一个卖家装船运输了。中途的卖方通过接收货物而非运so agree or where customary. This formulation

输货物向买方履行义务。为明确起见，Incoterms® 规则

facilitates the evolution of new electronic procedures

2010 在相关规定中把提取已经运输的商品的义务作为throughout the lifetime of the Incoterms® 2010 rules.

运输商品义务的替换。

6. Insurance cover

The Incoterms® 2010 rules are the first version of the

Incoterms rules since the version of the Institute Cargo

Clauses and take account of alterations made to those

clauses. The Incoterms® 2010 rules place information

duties relating to insurance in articles A3/B3, which

deal with contracts of carriage and insurance. These

provisions have been moved from the more generic found

in article A10/B10 of the Incoterms 2000 rules.

The language in articles A2/B3 relating to insurance has

also been altered with a view to clarifying the parties’

obligations in this regard.

7. Security-related Clearances and information

required for such clearances

There is heightened concern nowadays about security in

the movement of goods, requiring verification that the

goods do not pose a threat to life or property for

reasons other than their inherent nature.

Therefore, the Incoterms® 2010 rules have allocated

obligations between the buyer and seller to obtain or

to render assistance in obtaining security-related

clearances, such as chain-of-custody information, in

articles A2/B2 and A10/B10 of various Incoterms rules.

8. Terminal handling charges

Under Incoterms rules CPT, CIP, CFR, CIF, DAT, DAP, and

DDP, the seller must make arrangements for the carriage

of the goods to the agreed destination. While the freight

is paid by the seller, it is actually paid for by the

buyer as freight costs are normally included by the

seller in the total selling price. The carriage costs

will sometimes include the costs of handling and moving

the goods within port or container terminal facilities

and the carrier or terminal operator may well charge

these costs to the buyer who receives the goods. In these

circumstances, the buyer will want to avoid paying for

the same service twice: once to the seller as part of

the total selling price and once independently to the

carrier or the terminal operator. The Incoterms® 2010

rules seek to avoid this happening by clearly allocating

such costs in articles A6/B6 of the relevant Incoterms

rules.

9. String sales

In the sale of commodities, as opposed to the sale of

manufactured goods, cargo is frequently sold several

times during transit “down a string” when this

happens, a seller in the middle of the string don’t have

to ship the goods because these have already been shipped

by the first seller in the string. The seller in the

middle of the string therefore performs its obligations

towards its buyer not by shipping the goods, but by

“procuring” goods that have been shipped. For

clarification purposes, Incoterms® 2010 rules include

the obligation to “procure goods shipped” as an

alternative to the obligation to ship goods in the

relevant Incoterms rules.

RULES FOR ANY MODE OR MODES OF

TRANSPORT

Variants of Incoterms rules

Sometimes the parties want to alter an Incoterms rules.

运输方式的规则

国际贸易术语解释通则的变体

贸易各方有时因各自需要意图修改某一国际贸易术语规The Incoterms 2010 rules do not prohibit such

则的适用。《国际贸易术语解释通则 2010》并不禁止这alteration, but there are dangers in so doing. In order

种修改，但是这样做会带来一定的危险。因此双方都应当to avoid any unwelcome surprises, the parties would need

在合同中明确表明修改意欲达到的效果以避免不愉快的to make the intended effect of such alterations

分歧。譬如，假设合同改变了Incoterms 规则中费用的分extremely clear in their contract. Thus, for example,

配，那么合同各方亦应当明确声明是否改变风险（从卖方if the allocation of costs in the Incoterms 2010 rules

到买方）转移的临界点。

is altered in the contract, the parties should also

clearly state whether they intend to vary the point at

which the risk passes from seller to buyer.

Status of this introduction

解释的概括提示，并不是这些的组成部分。

This introduction gives general information on the use

本导言的功能地位

本导言只是对《国际贸易术语解释通则 2010》的用途和

and interpretation of the Incoterms 2010 rules, but does

not form part of those rules.

对《国际贸易术语解释通则 2010》中术语的解释

正如《国际贸易术语解释通则 2010》中所述，买方和卖Explanation of terms used in the Incoterms 2010 rules

方的共同义务是以对应方式呈现的，也就是说，既能反映As in the Incoterms rules, the seller’s and buyer’s

出 A 栏中的买方义务，又能反映出 B 栏中的卖方义务。obligations are presented in mirror fashion, reflecting

这些义务可以由买方或者卖方亲自履行，有时抑或受制于under column A the seller’s obligations and under

合同或者适用法律中的个别条款的规定，由诸如承运人、column B the buyer’s obligations. These obligations can

转运代理人等中介组织，或者其他由买方或者卖方为了特be carried out personally by the seller or the buyer or

定目的而委任的人来履行。

sometimes, subject to terms in the contract or the

applicable law, through intermediaries such as

carriers, freight forwarders or other persons nominated

《国际贸易术语解释通则 2010》正文中条文解析明了。但出于引导辅助（使用者）理解的考虑，编者还是占用了

by the seller or the buyer for a specific purpose.

The text of the Incoterms 2010 rules is meant to be

self-explanatory. However, in order to assist users the

following text sets out guidance as to the sense in which

selected terms are used throughout the document.

Carrier: For the purposes of the Incoterms 2010 rules,

the carrier is the party with whom carriage is

contracted.

Customs Formalities: These are requirements to be met

以下篇幅对从《规则》中选取的几个术语进行阐释。

承运人：出于《国际贸易术语解释通则 2010》的目的，承运人是指与托运人订立合同，并承担运输义务的一方。

报关单：是指为了遵守海关条例而需要满足的一些要求，包括了单据、安全、信息或者实体检验之义务。

交货：在商法和商事活动中，这个概念有多种涵义。但是，在《国际贸易术语解释通则 2010》中，交货用来表明在in order to comply with any applicable customs

货物由卖方向买方转移的过程中毁损风险在何处转移。

regulations and may include documentary, security,

information or physical inspection obligations.

交货单：此术语现在已成为 A8 条款的标题。交货单，是Delivery: This concept has multiple meanings in trade 用于证明已完成交货的凭证。对于《国际贸易术语解释通law and practice, but in the Incoterms 2010 rules, it 则 2010》中的许多规则，交货单是一种运输单据或相关is used to indicate where the risk of loss of or damage 电子记录。

to the goods passes from the seller to the buyer.

但是对于 EXW，FCA，FAS 和 FOB，交货单只是一种收据。Delivery document: This phrase is now used as the heading 当然，交货单还有其他功能，比如支付程序的一个环节。

to article A8. It means a document used to prove that

delivery has occurred. For many of the Incoterms 2010

rules, the delivery document is a transport document or

corresponding electronic record.

However, with EXW, FCA, FAS and FOB, the delivery

电子记录或者程序：由一个或多个可适用的电子讯号组成的一组信息库，其功能上等同于相应的纸质文档。

document may simply be a receipt. A delivery document 包装：此词因语境不同有不同含义：

may also have other functions, for example as part of 1. 符合销售合同要求的货物包装；

the mechanism for payment.

2. 符合运输要求的货物包装；

Electronic record or procedure: A set of information

constituted of one or more electronic messages and,

3. 集装箱或其他运输工具中已包装货物的理仓

where applicable, being functionally equivalent with

the corresponding paper document.

Packaging: this word is used for different purposes:

在《国际贸易术语解释通则 2010》中，“包装”一词有以上中的 1 和 2 项的含义。Incoterms2010 中并不涉及集装箱内货物的理仓义务，当事人应在销售合同中予以确定。

1. The packaging of the goods to comply with any

requirements under the contract of sale.

2. The packaging of the goods so that they are fit for

transportation.

3. The stowage of the packaged goods within a container

or other means of transport.

In the Incoterms 2010 rules, packaging means both the

first and second of the above. The Incoterms 2010 rules

do not deal with the parties’ obligations for stowage

within a container and therefore, where relevant, the

parties should deal with this in the sale contract.

EXW (insert named place of delivery)

GUIDANCE NOTE

This rule may be used irrespective of the mode of transport selected and may also be used where more than

one mode of transport is employed.

It is suitable for domestic trade, while FCA is usually more appropriate for international trade.

“Ex Works” means that the seller delivers when it places the goods at the disposal of the buyer at the

seller’s premises or at another named place ., works, factory, warehouse, etc.). The seller does not

need to load the goods on any collecting vehicle, nor does it need to clear the goods for export, where

such clearance is applicable.

The parties are well advised to specify as clearly as possible the point within the named place of delivery,

as the costs and risks to that point are for the account of the seller. The buyer bears all costs and

risks involved in taking the goods from the agreed point, if any, at the named place of delivery.

EXW represents the minimum obligation for the seller. The rule should be used with care as:

a) The seller has no obligation to the buyer to load the goods, even though in practice the seller may

be in a better position to do so. If the seller does load the goods, it does so at the buyer’s risk

and expense. In cases where the seller is in a better position to load the goods, FCA, which obliges

the seller to do so at its own risk and expense, is usually more appropriate.

b) A buyer who buys from a seller on an EXW basis for export needs to be aware that the seller has an

obligation to provide only such assistance as the buyer may require to effect that export: the seller

is not bound to organize the export clearance. Buyers are therefore well advised not to use EXW if

they cannot directly or indirectly obtain export clearance.

c) The buyer has limited obligations to provide to the seller any information regarding the export of

the goods. However, the seller may need this information for, ., taxation or reporting purposes.

EXW——工厂交货（……指定地点）

本条规则与（当事人）所选择的运输模式无关，即便（当事人）选择多种运输模式，亦可适用该规则。本

规则较适用于国内交易，对于国际交易，则应选FCA[1] “货交承运人（……指定地点）”规则为佳。

“工厂交货（---指定地点）”是指当卖方在其所在地或其他指定的地点（如工场（强调生产制造场所）、工厂（制造场所）或仓库等）将货物交给买方处置时，即完成交货。卖方不需将货物装上任何运输工具，在需要办理出口清关手续时，卖方亦不必为货物办理出口清关手续。

双方都应该尽可能明确的指定货物交付地点，因为此时（交付前的）费用与风险由卖方承担。买方必须承当在双方约定的地点或在指定地受领货物的全部费用和风险。

EXW 是卖方承担责任最小的术语。它应遵守以下使用规则：

a) 卖方没有义务为买方装载货物，即使在实际中由卖方装载货物可能更方便。若由卖方装载货物，相关风险和费用亦由买方承担。如果卖方在装载货物中处于优势地位，则使用由卖方承担装载费用与风险的FCA术语通常更合适。

b) 买方在与卖方使用EXW术语时应知晓，卖方仅在买方要求（更符合术语特质）办理出口手续时负有协助的义务：（但是），卖方并无义务主动（更强调最小义务，吸收进2010年本身的意义）办理出口清关手续。因此如果买方不能直接或间接地办理出口清关手续，建议买方不要使用EXW术语。

c) 买方承担向卖方提供关于货物出口之信息的有限义务。但是，卖方可能需要这些用作诸如纳税（申报税款）、报关等目的的信息。

A THE SELLER’ OBLIGATIONS

A1 General obligations of the seller

B THE BUYER’ OBLIGATIONS

B1 General obligations of the buyer

The seller must provide the goods and the The buyer must pay the price of the goods as

commercial invoice in conformity with the provided in the contract of sale.

contract of sale and any other evidence of Any document referred to in B1-B10 may be an

conformity that may be required by the contract. equivalent electronic record or procedure if

Any document referred to in A1-A10 may be an agreed between the parties or customary.

equivalent electronic record or procedure if

agreed between the parties or customary.

A2 Licences, authorizations,

B2 Licences, authorizations, security

security

clearances and other formalities

Where applicable, it is up to the buyer to

clearances and other formalities

Where applicable, the seller must provide the

obtain, at its own risk and expense, any export

buyer, at the buyer’s request, risk and

and import licence or other official

expense, assistance in obtaining any export

authorization and carry out all customs

licence, or other official authorization

necessary for the export of the goods.

formalities for the export of the goods.

Where applicable, the seller must provide, at

the buyer’s request, risk and expense, any

information in the possession of the seller that

B3 Contracts of carriage and insurance

is required for the security clearance of the

a) Contract of carriage

goods.

A3 Contracts of carriage and insurance

a) Contract of carriage

The seller has no obligation to the buyer to make

a contract of carriage.

b) Contract of insurance

The buyer has no obligation to the seller to make

a contract of carriage.

b) Contract of insurance

The buyer has no obligation to the seller to make

a contract of insurance.

The seller has no obligation to the buyer to make

a contract of insurance. However, the seller

B4 Taking delivery

must provide the buyer, at the buyer’s request,

The buyer must take delivery of the goods when

risk and expense (if any), with information that

A4 and A7 have been complied with.

A4 Delivery

The seller must deliver the goods by placing them

at the disposal of the buyer at the agreed point,

if any, at the named place of delivery, not

B5 Transfer of risks

loaded on any collecting vehicle. If no specific

The buyer bears all risks of loss of or damage

point has been agreed within the named place of

to the goods from the time they have been

delivery, and if there are several points

delivered as envisaged in A4.

available, the seller may select the point that

If the buyer fails to give notice in accordance

best suits its purpose. The seller must deliver

with B7, then the buyer bear all risks of loss

the goods on the agreed date or within the agreed

of or damage to the goods from the agreed date

period.

or the expiry date of the expiry date of any

agreed period for delivery, provided that the

A5 Transfer of risks

the buyer needs for obtaining insurance.

The seller bears all risks of loss of or damage

goods have been clearly identified as the

to the goods until they have been delivered in

accordance with A4, with the exception of loss

or damage in the circumstances described in B5.

A6 Allocation of costs

The seller must pay

contract goods.

B6 Allocation of costs

The buyer must:

a) pay all costs relating to the goods from the

time they have been delivered as envisaged in A4;

b)pay any additional costs incurred by failing

either to take delivery of the goods when they

have been placed at its disposal or to give

a) all costs relating to the goods until they appropriate notice in accordance with B7,

have been delivered in accordance with A4, other provided that the goods have been clearly

than those payable by the buyer as envisaged in identified as the contract goods;

B6; and c)pay, where applicable, all duties, taxes and

b) where applicable, the costs of customs other charges, as well as the costs of carrying

formalities necessary for export, as well as all out customs formalities payable upon export; and

duties, taxes, and other charges payable upon d) reimburse all costs and charges incurred by

export.

A7 Notices to the buyer

The seller must give the buyer any notice needed

to enable the buyer to make delivery of the

goods.

A8 Delivery document

The seller has no obligation to the buyer.

A9 Checking –packaging –marking

The seller must pay the costs of those checking

operations (such as checking quality,

measuring, weighing, counting) that are

the seller in providing assistance as envisaged

in A2.

B7 Notices to the seller

The buyer must, whenever it is entitled to

determine the time within an agreed period

and/or the point of taking delivery within the

named place, give the seller sufficient notice

thereof.

B8 Proof of delivery

The buyer must provide the seller with

appropriate evidence of having taken delivery.

B9 Inspection of goods

The buyer must pay the costs of any mandatory

pre-shipment inspection, including inspection

mandated by the authorities of the country of

export.

necessary for the purpose of delivering the

goods in accordance with A4.

The seller must, at its own expense, package the

trade to transport the type of goods sold

unpackaged. The seller may package the goods in

goods, unless it is usual for the particular

the manner appropriate for their transport, B10 Assistance with information and related

unless the buyer has notified the seller of costs

specific packaging requirements before the The buyer must, in a timely manner, advise the

contract of sale is concluded. Packaging is to seller of any security information requirements

be marked appropriately.

A10 Assistance with information and related

costs

The seller must, where applicable, in a timely

manner, provide to or render assistance in

obtaining for the buyer, at the buyer’s

request, risk and expense, any documents and

information, including security-related

so that the seller may comply with A10.

The buyer must reimburse the seller for all costs

and charges incurred by the seller in providing

or rendering assistance in obtaining documents

and information as envisaged in A10.

information, that the buyer needs for the import

of the goods and/or for their transport to the

final destination.

卖方义务

A1卖方的一般义务

卖方必须按照销售合同提供货物和商业发票，以及合同可能要求的、用以证明货物符合合同规定的其他任何凭证。

所有在A1-A10条款中提及的文件，（均）可采用经当事人协定或约定俗成、具有同等作用的电子记录或者手续。

A2许可证、批准、安全通关及其他手续

在需要办理海关手续时，应买方要求并由买方承当风险和费用时，卖方应协助买方办理出口货物必须的出口许可证或其他官方许可。

应买方要求并由其承担风险和费用，在需要办理海关手续时，卖方必须提供其掌握的货物安全检查所要求的任何信息。

A3运输合同与保险合同

a） 运输合同

卖方没有为买方签订运输合同的义务

b） 保险合同

卖方没有义务与买方签订保险合同。然而，当买方请求或由其承担风险与（或有的）费用时，卖方必须向买方提供其获取保险所需要的信息。

A4 交货

卖方应在约定点或在指定地点将未置于任何运输车买方义务

B1买方的一般义务

买方必须按照买卖合同之规定支付货物价款。

所有在B1-B10条款中提及的文件，（均）可采用经当事人协定或约定俗成、具有同等作用的电子记录或者手续。

B2许可证、批准、安全通关及其他手续

在需要办理海关手续时, 买方必须自担风险和费用，由其取得任何出口和进口许可证或其他官方许可，并办理货物出口的一切海关手续。

B3运输合同和保险合同

a)运输合同

买方没有为卖方签订运输合同的义务

b)保险合同

买方没有与卖方签订保险合同的义务

B4受领货物(接收货物)

买方必须在卖方按照A4 和A7 规定交货时受领货

辆上的货物交给买方处置。若在指定的地点内未约定具体交货点，或有若干个交货点可使用，卖方可选择最符合其目的之地进行交货。卖方需在约定地或约定时间内交货。

A5风险转移

除发生B5中所描述之灭失或损坏的情形外，卖方必须承当货物灭失或损坏的一切风险，直至已经按照A4规定交货为止。

物。

B5风险转移

自卖方按A4规定交货之时起，买方必须承担货物灭失或损坏的一切风险。

如果买方未按照B7之规定通知卖方，则自约定的交货日期或交货期限届满之日起，买方必须承当货物灭失或损坏的一切风险，但以该项货物已清楚地确定为合同项下之货物为限。

A6 费用划分

除B6预设的可由买方支付的费用外，卖方必须承担与货物有关的所有费用，直到其按照A4规定交货为止。

B6 费用划分

买方必须支付：

a) 自按照 A4规定交货之时起与货物有关的一切费用；

b) 在货物已交给买方处置而买方未受领货物或未按照 B7规定给予卖方相应通知而发生的任何额外费用，但以该项货物已正式划归合同项下为限；

c) 在需要办理海关手续时，货物出口应交纳的一切关税、税款和其他费用，以及办理海关手续的费用。

d) 卖方按照 A2规定给予协助时所发生的一切成本与费用。

A7通知买方

卖方必须提供能使买方提货的所需通知。

B7通知卖方

一旦买方有权确定在约定的期限内受领货物的具体时间和/或地点时，应就此给予卖方充分的通知

A8交货凭证 B8交货证明

卖方无义务。

A9 检查、包装、标志

卖方必须支付与A4规定一致的、以交付货物为目的的查对费用（如查对货物品质、丈量、过磅、点数的费用）。

卖方必须支付货物包装费用，除非是不需要包装便可进行运输的特殊货物。卖方应采取适宜运输的包装方式，除非买方在签订买卖合同前便告知卖方特定的包装要求。包装应作适当标记。

A10信息帮助和相关费用

应买方要求并由其承当风险和费用时，卖方须在合适的情况下为买方提供及时的帮助，以帮助买方取得其出口和/或进口货物以及将货物运至最后目的地所需的任何单据和信息，包括与安全有关的信息。

买方必须向卖方提供已受领货物的适当凭证。

B9 货物检验

买方必须支付装船前检验的强制性费用, 包括由出口国当局强制检查（的费用）。

B10信息帮助和相关费用

为使卖方可以履行A10之规定，买方必须及时通知卖方其对于相关交易安全信息的要求。

买方必须补偿卖方（由于提供给买方获得A10中提到的讯息和单据而可能）产生的所有费用和代价。

FCA - Free Carrier (insert named place of delivery)

GUIDANCE NOTE

This rule may be used irrespective of the mode of transport selected and may also be used where more

than one mode of transport is employed.

“Free Carrier” means that the seller delivers the goods to the carrier or another person nominated

by the buyer at the seller’s premises or another named place. The parties are well advised to specify

as clearly as possible the point within the named place of delivery, as the risk passes to the buyer

at that point.

If the parties intend to deliver the goods at the seller’s premises, they should identify the address

of those premises as the named place of delivery. If, on the other hand, the parties intend the goods

to be delivered at another place, they must identify a different specific place of delivery.

FCA requires the seller to clear the goods for export, where applicable. However, the seller has

no obligation to clear the goods for import, pay any import duty or carry out any import customs

formalities.

FCA——货交承运人（……指定地点）

该项规则可以适用于各种运输方式（单独使用的情况），也可以适用于多种运输方式同时使用的情况。

“货交承运人”是指卖方于其所在地或其他指定地点将货物交付给承运人或买方指定人。建议当事人最好尽可能清楚地明确说明指定交货的具体点，风险将在此点转移至买方。

若当事人意图在卖方所在地交付货物，则应当确定该所在地的地址，即指定交货地点。另一方面，若当事人意图在其他地点交付货物，则应当明确确定一个不同的具体交货地点。

FCA要求卖方在需要时办理出口清关手续。但是，卖方没有办理进口清关手续的义务，也无需缴纳任何进口关税或者办理其他进口海关手续。

在需要办理海关手续时（在必要时/适当时），DAP规则要求应有卖方办理货物的出口清关手续，但卖方没有义务办理货物的进口清关手续，支付任何进口税或者办理任何进口海关手续，如果当事人希望卖方办理货物的进口清关手续，支付任何进口税和办理任何进口海关手续，则应适用DDP规则。

A THE SELLER’ OBLIGATIONS

A1 General obligations of the seller

B THE BUYER’ OBLIGATIONS

B1 General obligations of the buyer

The seller must provide the goods and the The buyer must pay the price of the goods as

commercial invoice in conformity with the provided in the contract of sale.

contract of sale and any other evidence of

conformity that may be required by the contract.

Any document referred to in B1-B10 may be an

Any document referred to in A1-A10 may be an

equivalent electronic record or procedure if

equivalent electronic record or procedure if

agreed between the parties or customary.

agreed between the parties or customary.

B2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances

A2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances

and other formalities

and other formalities

Where applicable, it is up to the buyer to obtain,

Where applicable, the seller must obtain, at its

at its own risk and expense, any import licence

own risk and expense, any export licence or other

or other official authorization and carry out all

official authorization and carry out all customs

customs formalities for the import of the goods

formalities necessary for the export of the goods.

and for their transport through any country.

B3 Contracts of carriage and insurance

A3 Contracts of carriage and insurance

a) Contract of carriage

a) Contract of carriage

The buyer must contract at its own expense for the

The seller has no obligation to the buyer to make

carriage of the goods from the named place of

a contract of carriage. However, if requested by

delivery, except when the contract of carriage is

the buyer or if it is commercial practice and the

made by the seller as provided for in A3 a).

buyer does not give an instruction to the contrary

in due time, the seller may contract for carriage

on usual terms at the buyer’s risk and expense.

In either case, the seller may decline to make the b) Contract of insurance

contract of carriage and, if it does, shall The buyer has no obligation to the seller to make

promptly notify the buyer.

b) Contract of insurance

a contract of insurance.

The seller has no obligation to the buyer to make

a contract of insurance. However, the seller must

B4 Taking delivery

provide the buyer, at the buyer’s request, risk,

The buyer must take delivery of the goods when they

and expense (if any), with information that the

have been delivered as envisaged in A4.

buyer needs for obtaining insurance.

A4 Delivery

Unless the buyer notifies the seller otherwise,

the seller may deliver the goods for carriage in

The seller must deliver the goods to the carrier

such a manner as the quantity and/or nature of the

or another person nominated by the buyer at the

goods may require.

agreed point, if any, at the named place on the

agreed date or within the agreed period.

Delivery is completed:

a) If the named place is the seller’s premises,

when the goods have been loaded on the means of

transport provided by the buyer.

b) In any other case, when the goods are placed

at the disposal of the carrier or another person

nominated by the buyer on the seller’s means of

transport ready for unloading.

If no specific point has been notified by the buyer

under B7 d) within the named place of delivery,

B5 Transfer of risks

The buyer bears all risks of loss of or damage to

the goods from the time they have been delivered

as envisaged in A4.

If

a) the buyer fails in accordance with B7 to notify

and if there are several points available, the

the nomination of a carrier or another person as

seller may select the point that best suits its

envisaged in A4 or to give notice; or

purpose.

A5 Transfer of risks

b) the carrier or person nominated by the buyer

as envisaged in A4 fails to take the goods into

its charge, then, the buyer bears all risks of loss

The seller bears all risks of loss of or damage of or damage to the goods:

to the goods until they have been delivered in (i) from the agreed date, or in the absence of an

accordance with A4, with the exception of loss or agreed date,

damage in the circumstances described in B5.

A6 Allocation of costs

The seller must pay

(ii) from the date notified by the seller under

A7 within the agreed period; or, if no such date

has been notified,

(iii) from the expiry date of any agreed period

for delivery, provided that the goods have been

clearly identified as the contract goods.

B6 Allocation of costs

The buyer must pay

a) all costs relating to the goods from the time

they have been delivered as envisaged in A4,

except, where applicable, the costs of customs

formalities necessary for export, as well as all

a) all costs relating to the goods until they have duties, taxes, and other charges payable upon

been delivered in accordance with A4, other than export as referred to in A6 b);

those payable by the buyer as envisaged in B6; and b) any additional costs incurred, either because:

b) where applicable, the costs of customs

(i) the buyer fails to nominate a carrier or

formalities necessary for export, as well as all

another person as envisaged in A4, or

duties, taxes, and other charges payable upon

export.

(ii) the carrier or person nominated by the buyer

as envisaged in A4 fails to take the goods into

its charge, or

(iii) the buyer has failed to give appropriate

notice in accordance with B7, provided that the

goods have been clearly identified as the contract

goods; and

A7 Notices to the buyer

The seller must, at the buyer’s risk and expense,

c) where applicable, all duties, taxes and other

charges as well as the costs of carrying out

customs formalities payable upon import of the

goods and the costs for their transport through

give the buyer sufficient notice either that the

any country.

goods have been delivered in accordance with A4

or that the carrier or another person nominated

B7 Notices to the seller

by the buyer has failed to take the goods within

The buyer must notify the seller of

the time agreed.

A8 Delivery document

The seller must provide the buyer, at the

seller’s expense, with the usual proof that the

goods have been delivered in accordance with A4.

The seller must provide assistance to the buyer,

at the buyer’s request, risk and expense, in

obtaining a transport document.

A9 Checking –packaging –marking

The seller must pay the costs of those checking

a) the name of the carrier or another person

nominated as envisaged in A4 within sufficient

time as to enable the seller to deliver the goods

in accordance with that article;

b) where necessary, the selected time within the

period agreed for delivery when the carrier or

person nominated will take the goods;

c) the mode of transport to be used by the person

nominated; and

d) the point of taking delivery within the named

place.

B8 Proof of delivery

The buyer must accept the proof of delivery

provided as envisaged in A8.

operations (such as checking quality, measuring,

weighing, counting) that are necessary for the

purpose of delivering the goods in accordance

B9 Inspection of goods

with A4, as well as the costs of any pre-shipment

The buyer must pay the costs of any mandatory

inspection mandated by the authority of the

pre-shipment inspection, except when such

country of export. inspection is mandated by the authorities of the

The seller must, at its own expense, package the country of export.

goods, unless it is usual for the particular trade

to transport the type of goods sold unpackaged.

The seller may package the goods in the manner

appropriate for their transport, unless the buyer

has notified the seller of specific packaging

requirements before the contract of sale is

concluded. Packaging is to be marked

B10 Assistance with information and related costs

The buyer must, in a timely manner, advise the

seller of any security information requirements

so that the seller may comply with A10.

The buyer must reimburse the seller for all costs

and charges incurred by the seller in providing

or rendering assistance in obtaining documents

appropriately.

A10 Assistance with information and related costs

The seller must, where applicable, in a timely

manner, provide to or render assistance in

obtaining for the buyer, at the buyer’s request,

risk and expense, any documents and information,

including security-related information, that the

buyer needs for the import of the goods and/or for

and information as envisaged in A10.

their transport to the final destination.

The seller must reimburse the buyer for all costs

and charges incurred by the buyer in providing or

rendering assistance in obtaining documents and

information as envisaged in B10.

The buyer must, where applicable, in a timely

manner, provide to or render assistance in

obtaining for the seller, at the seller’s

request, risk and expense, any documents and

information,

including security-related information, that the

seller needs for the transport and export of the

goods and for their transport through any country.

卖方义务

A1卖方的一般义务

卖方应当提供符合销售合同规定的货物和商业发票以及合同可能要求的、证明货物符合合同规定的其他任何凭证。

A1-A10所提到的文件可以是由当事人约定的或已成为惯例的，具有同等效力的电子档案或程序。

A2许可证、批准、安全通关及其他手续

卖方应当自担风险和费用，并且在需要的时候取得任何出口许可证或其他官方许可，而且在办理海关手续时办理货物出口所需要的一切海关手续.

A3运输合同与保险合同

a) 运输

卖方没有为买方订立运输合同的义务。但是，若经买方要求，或者依循商业惯例且买方未适时给予卖方相反指示，则卖方可以按照通常条件订立由买方承担风险与费用的运输合同。在任何一种情况下，卖方都可以拒绝订立此合同；如果拒绝，则应立即通知买方。

b) 保险

卖方没有义务为买方订立保险合同。但是，卖方应当按照买方的要求，向买方提供其所需的有关购买保险的信息，由此产生的任何风险、费用由买方承担。

A4 交货

若有约定具体的交货点，卖方应按照约定，在指定买方义务

B1买方的一般义务

买方应当支付销售合同中规定的货物价款

B1-B10所提到的文件可以是由当事人约定的或已成为惯例的，具有同等效力的电子档案或程序。

B2许可证、批准、安全通关及其他手续

在需要的时候，买方可以获取一切进口许可证或其他官方许可，以及办理货物进口的海关手续和从他国过境的一切相关手续，并自担风险和费用。

B3运输合同和保险合同

a) 运输

买方应当自付费用订立从指定的交货地点运输货物的合同，卖方按照A3 a) 规定订立合同的除外。

b) 保险

买方没有义务为卖方订立保险合同。

B4受领货物(接收货物)

买方应当在卖方按照A4规定交货时，收取货物。

的地点于约定的日期或者期限内，将货物交付给承运人或者买方指定的其他人。

交货在以下情况完成：

a)若指定的地点是卖方所在地，则当货物已装载于买方所提供的运输工具时；

b) 当装载于卖方的运输工具上的货物已达到卸货条件，且处于承运人或买方指定的其他人的处置之下时的任何其他情况。

若买方未按照B7 d) 项之规定，将在指定的地区内的具体交货地点通知卖方，且有几个具体交货点可供选择时，卖方可以在指定地点中选择最符合其目的的交货地点。

除非买方另有通知，否则，卖方可以根据货物的数量和/或性质的要求，将货物以适宜的方式交付运输。

A5风险转移

卖方承担货物灭失或损害的一切风险，直至卖方已按照A4的规定交付货物，在B5描述的情况下产生的灭失或损害除外。

B5风险转移

买方自卖方按照A4规定交货之时起，承担货物灭失或损坏的一切风险。

若

a) 买方没有按照B7规定将依A4规定对承运人或其他人的指定告知卖方或提醒其注意；或

b) 其按照A4规定指定的承运人或其他人未接管货物，则，买方按照下述规定承担货物灭失或损坏的一切风险：

i）自约定日期时起。若没有约定日期，

ii）自卖方在约定的时期内依A7规定告知买方的日期起。若没有告知日期，

iii）自任何约定的交货期限届满之日起，

但以该货物已被清楚地确定为合同项下货物为限。

A6 费用划分

卖方应当支付

a) 与货物有关的一切费用，直至已按照A4规定交货为止。除B6中规定的由买方支付的费用外;及

b) 在适用情况下，货物出口应办理的海关手续费用及出口应交纳的一切关税、税款和其他费用。

B6 费用划分

买方应当支付：

a) 自按照A4规定的交货之时起与货物有关的一切费用，除了A6 b）中规定的货物出口办理海关手续的费用及其他货物出口应缴纳的关税、税款和其他费用。

b) 因发生下述任一情况产生的任何额外费用：

(i)由于买方未能按照A4规定指定承运人或其他人；

(ii)或由于承运人或买方指定的人未能接管货物；

(iii)或由于买方未能按照B7规定给予卖方相应通知,

但以该货物已被清楚地确定为合同项下货物为限。

c) 在有必要时，货物进口应交纳的一切关税、税款和其他费用以及办理海关手续的费用及从他国过境的费用。

A7通知买方

在买方自担风险和费用的情况下，卖方应当将货物已经按照A4的规定交付，或承运人或买方指定的其他人未能在约定的时间内提取货物的信息充分告知买方。

b)在必要时，告知卖方被指定的承运人或其他人在约定的期限内收取货物的具体时间；

c)告知卖方由买方指定人采取的运输方式；以及

d)在约定地点内的具体取货位置。

A8交货凭证 B8 提货证据

B7通知卖方

买方应当：

a)及时告知卖方其依A4规定指定的承运人或者其他人的名称，使卖方能够按照A4条款的规定发送货物；

卖方应当自担费用地向买方提供证明按照A4规定已完成交货的通常凭证。

卖方应当根据买方的要求，给予买方一切协助以取得运输单据，风险和费用由买方承担

A9 检查、包装、标志

卖方应当支付那些对实现按照A4的标准运输货物的买方应当接受卖方依A8规定提供的交货凭证。

B9 货物检验

买方应当支付任何装运之前强制检验的费用，但出口目标必不可少的检查措施（比如说质量检查，测量，国强制进行的检验除外。

称重，计数）所产生的费用，以及任何为出口国当局规定的装运前检验的费用。

卖方应当由自己负担成本来包装货物，除非对该特定种类的交易来说，将这种被销售货物不加包装地运输是相关行业惯例。卖方可以将货物以适宜其运输的方式加以包装，除非买方在销售合同签订前向卖方通知了明确的包装要求。包装应当适当地标记。

A10信息帮助和相关费用

应买方的要求并由其承担风险和费用，卖方应当在需要时及时向买方提供或给予协助，以帮助买方取得为买方进口货物可能要求的和/或在运往目的地的过程中可能需要的包括与安全清关有关的信息在内的任何单据或信息。

应卖方的要求并由其承担风险和费用，买方应当在需卖方应当补偿买方因提供B10中协助其取得单据和信息的行为时的费用和要价。

要时及时向卖方提供或给予协助，以帮助卖方取得为运输和出口货物和/或从他国过境时需要的包括与安全清关有关的信息在内的任何单据或信息。

B10信息帮助和相关费用

买方应当及时告知卖方其关于安全清关信息方面的请求，使卖方能够履行A10中规定的义务。

买方应当对卖方因依A10规定所提供或给予的关于取得单据和信息的协助而产生的费用和要价进行补偿。

CPT – Carriage Paid to (insert named place of destination)

GUIDANCE NOTE

This rule may be used irrespective of the mode of transport selected and may also be used where more

than one mode of transport is employed.

“Carriage Paid To” means that the seller delivers the goods to the carrier or another person

nominated by the seller at an agreed place (if any such place is agreed between the parties) and

that the seller must contract for and pay the costs of carriage necessary to bring the goods to the

named place of destination.

When CPT, CIP, CFR or CIF are used, the seller fulfils its obligation to deliver when it hands the

goods over to the carrier and not when the goods reach the place of destination.

This rule has two critical points, because risk passes and costs are transferred at different places.

The parties are well advised to identify as precisely as possible in the contract both the place

of delivery, where the risk passes to the buyer, and the named place of destination to which the

seller must contract for the carriage. If several carriers are used for the carriage to the agreed

destination and the parties do not agree on a specific point of delivery, the default position is

that risk passes when the goods have been delivered to the first carrier at a point entirely of the

seller’s choosing and over which the

buyer has no control. Should the parties wish the risk to pass at a later stage ., at an ocean port

or airport), they need to specify this in their contract of sale. The parties are also well advised

to identify as precisely as possible the point within the agreed place of destination, as the costs

to that point are for the account of the seller. The seller is advised to procure contracts of carriage

that match this choice precisely. If the seller incurs costs under its contract of carriage related

to unloading at the named place of destination, the seller is not entitled to recover such costs

from the buyer unless otherwise agreed between the parties.

CPT requires the seller to clear the goods for export, where applicable. However, the seller has

no obligation to clear the goods for import, pay any import duty or carry out any import customs

formalities.

CPT——运费付至（……指定目的港）

导言

这一术语无例外地用于所选择的任何一种运输方式以及运用多种运输方式的情况。

“运费付至…”指卖方在指定交货地向承运人或由其(卖方)指定的其他人交货并且其（卖方）须与承运人订立运输合同，载明并实际承担将货物运送至指定目的地的所产生的必要费用.

在CPT, CIP, CFR, or CIF适用的情形下，卖方的交货义务在将货物交付承运人，而非货物到达指定目的地时，即告完全履行。

此规则有两个关键点，因为风险和成本在不同的地方发生转移。买卖双方当事人应在买卖合同中尽可能准确地确定以下两个点：发生转移至买方的交货地点;在其须订立的运输合同中载明的指定目的地。如果使用多个承运人将货物运至指定目的地，且买卖双方并未对具体交货地点有所约定，则合同默认风险自货物由买方交给第一承运人时转移，卖方对这一交货地点的选取具有排除买方控制的绝对选择权。如果当事方希望风险转移推迟至稍后的地点发生（例如：某海港或机场），那么他们需要在买卖合同中明确约定这一点。

由于将货物运至指定目的地的费用由卖方承担，因而当事人应尽可能准确地确定目的地中的具体地点。且卖方须在运输合同中载明这一具体的交货地点。卖方基于其运输合同中在指定目的地卸货时，如果产生了相关费用，卖方无权向买方索要，除非双方有其他约定。

CPT贸易术语要求卖方，在需要办理这些手续时，办理货物出口清关手续。但是，卖方没有义务办理货物进口清关手续、支付进口关税以及办理任何进口所需的任何海关手续。

A THE SELLER’ OBLIGATIONS

A1 General obligations of the seller

B THE BUYER’ OBLIGATIONS

B1 General obligations of the buyer

The seller must provide the goods and the The buyer must pay the price of the goods as

commercial invoice in conformity with the provided in the contract of sale.

contract of sale and any other evidence of

conformity that may be required by the contract.

Any document referred to in B1-B10 may be an

Any document referred to in A1-A10 may be an

equivalent electronic record or procedure if

equivalent electronic record or procedure if

agreed between the parties or customary.

agreed between the parties or customary.

B2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances

A2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances

and other formalities

and other formalities

Where applicable, the seller must obtain, at its

Where applicable, it is up to the buyer to obtain,

at its own risk and expense, any import licence

own risk and expense, any export licence or other

or other official authorization and carry out all

official authorization and carry out all customs

customs formalities for the import of the goods

formalities necessary for the export of the goods,

and for their transport through any country.

and for their transport through any country prior

to delivery.

A3 Contracts of carriage and insurance

a) Contract of carriage

B3 Contracts of carriage and insurance

a) Contract of carriage

The buyer has no obligation to the seller to make

a contract of carriage.

The seller must contract or procure a contract for

the carriage of the goods from the agreed point

of delivery, if any, at the place of delivery to

the named place of destination or, if agreed, any

point at that place. The contract of carriage must

be made on usual terms at the seller’s expense b) Contract of insurance

and provide for carriage by the usual route and The buyer has no obligation to the seller to make

in a customary manner. If a specific point is not a contract of insurance. However, the buyer must

agreed or is not determined by practice, the provide the seller, upon request, with the

seller may select the point of delivery and the necessary information for obtaining insurance.

point at the named place of destination that best

suit its purpose.

b) Contract of insurance

B4 Taking delivery

The buyer must take delivery of the goods when they

The seller has no obligation to the buyer to make

have been delivered as envisaged in A4 and receive

a contract of insurance. However, the seller must

them from the carrier at the named place of

provide the buyer, at the buyer’s request, risk,

destination.

and expense (if any), with information that

the buyer needs for obtaining insurance.

A4 Delivery

The seller must deliver the goods by handing them

The buyer bears all risks of loss of or damage to

the goods from the time they have been delivered

B5 Transfer of risks

over to the carrier contracted in accordance with

as envisaged in A4.

A3 on the agreed date or within the agreed period.

If the buyer fails to give notice in accordance

A5 Transfer of risks

date of the agreed period for delivery, provided

The seller bears all risks of loss of or damage

that the goods have been clearly identified as the

to the goods until they have been delivered in

contract goods.

accordance with A4, with the exception of loss or

damage in the circumstances described in B5.

A6 Allocation of costs

B6 Allocation of costs

The buyer must, subject to the provisions of A3

a), pay

a) all costs relating to the goods from the time

they have been delivered as envisaged in A4,

with B7, it must bear all risks of loss of or damage

to the goods from the agreed date or the expiry

The seller must pay except, where applicable, the costs of customs

a) all costs relating to the goods until they have formalities necessary for export, as well as all

been delivered in accordance with A4, other than duties, taxes, and other charges payable upon

those payable by the buyer as envisaged in B6;

export as referred to in A6 c);

b) all costs and charges relating to the goods

in transit until their arrival at the agreed

b) the freight and all other costs resulting from

while

A3 a), including the costs of loading the goods

place of destination, unless such costs and

and any charges for unloading at the place of

charges were for the seller’s account under the

destination that were for the seller’s account

contract of carriage;

under

c) unloading costs, unless such costs were for the

the contract of carriage; and

seller’s account under the contract of carriage;

c) where applicable, the costs of customs

d) any additional costs incurred if the buyer

formalities necessary for export, as well as all

fails to give notice in accordance with B7, from

duties, taxes and other charges payable upon

the agreed date or the expiry date of the agreed

export, and the costs for their transport through

period for dispatch, provided that the goods have

any country that were for the seller’s account

been clearly identified as the contract goods; and

under the contract of carriage.

e) where applicable, all duties, taxes and other

charges, as well as the costs of carrying out

customs formalities payable upon import of the

goods and the costs for their transport through

any country, unless included within the cost of

the contract of carriage.

A7 Notices to the buyer

The seller must notify the buyer that the goods

B7 Notices to the seller

have been delivered in accordance with A4.

The buyer must, whenever it is entitled to

The seller must give the buyer any notice needed

determine the time for dispatching the goods

in order to allow the buyer to take measures that

and/or the named place of destination or the point

are normally necessary to enable the buyer to take

of receiving the goods within that place, give the

the goods.

A8 Delivery document

If customary or at the buyer’s request the seller

must provide the buyer, at the seller’s expense,

with the usual transport document[s] for the

transport contracted in accordance with A3.

This transport document must cover the contract

goods and be dated within the period agreed for

shipment. If agreed or customary, the document

must also enable the buyer to claim the goods from

the carrier at the named place of destination and

enable the buyer to sell the goods in transit by

the transfer of the document to a subsequent buyer

or by notification to the carrier.

When such a transport document is issued in

negotiable form and in several originals, a full

set of originals must be presented to the buyer.

A9 Checking –packaging –marking

The seller must pay the costs of those checking

operations (such as checking quality, measuring,

weighing, counting) that are necessary for the

purpose of delivering the goods in accordance with

A4, as well as the costs of any pre-shipment

inspection mandated by the authority of the

seller sufficient notice thereof.

B8 Proof of delivery

The buyer must accept the transport document

provided as envisaged in A8 if it is in conformity

with the contract.

B9 Inspection of goods

The buyer must pay the costs of any mandatory

pre-shipment inspection, except when such

inspection is mandated by the authorities of the

country of export.

Assistance with information and related costs

country of export. The seller must, at its own

B10

expense, package the goods, unless it is usual for

The buyer must, in a timely manner, advise the

the particular trade to transport the type of

seller of any security information requirements

goods sold unpackaged. The seller may package the so that the seller may comply with A10.

goods in the manner appropriate for their The buyer must reimburse the seller for all costs

transport, unless the buyer has notified the and charges incurred by the seller in providing

seller of specific packaging requirements before or rendering assistance in obtaining documents

the contract of sale is concluded. Packaging is and information as envisaged in A10.

to be marked appropriately.

A10 Assistance with information and related costs

The seller must, where applicable, in a timely

manner, provide to or render assistance in

obtaining for the buyer, at the buyer’s request,

risk and expense, any documents and information,

The buyer must, where applicable, in a timely

manner, provide to or render assistance in

obtaining for the seller, at the seller’s

request, risk and expense, any documents and

information,

including security-related information, that the

seller needs for the transport and export of the

including security-related information, that the

goods and for their transport through any country.

buyer needs for the import of the goods and/or for

their transport to the final destination.

The seller must reimburse the buyer for all costs

and charges incurred by the buyer in providing or

rendering assistance in obtaining documents and

information as envisaged in B10.

A卖方义务

A1卖方的一般义务

卖方必须提供与销售合同规定一致的货物和商业发票，以及合同可能要求的证明货物符合合同规定的凭证。

按照双方约定或惯例，A1至A10中提及的单据可以是具有同等效力的电子记录或者程序。

A2许可证、批准、安全通关及其他手续

B 买方义务

B1买方的一般义务

买房必须按照销售合同规定支付货物价款。

按照双方约定或惯例，B1至B10中提及的单据可以是具有同等效力的电子记录或者程序。

B2许可证、批准、安全通关及其他手续

在该港所在地需办理这些手续的情况下，卖方必须自担风险和费用，取得任何出口许可证或其他官方核准文件，并办理货物出口以及货物在送达前从他国过境运输所需的一切海关手续。

A3运输合同与保险合同

a) 运输合同

卖方必须订立运输合同，若约定了交付地点的，将货物从交付地的约定地点运至指定目的地，如果约定了目的地的具体交付货物地点的，也可运至目的地的约定地点。

卖方必须自付费用，按照通常条件订立运输合同，依通常路线及习惯方式，将货物运至指定的目的地的约定点。如未约定目的地的具体交付货物地点或未能依交易习惯予以确定该地点，则卖方可在指定的目的地选择最适合其目的的交货点。

如果这些地方需要办理这些海关手续，买方在自行承担风险和费用的情况下，可以自由决定是否取得许可证或其他官方核准文件，并办理货物进口和经由他国过境运输的一切海关手续。

B3运输合同和保险合同

a) 运输合同

买方没有向卖方制定运输合同的义务。

b) 保险合同

买方没有向卖方制定保险合同的义务，

但是，当卖方要求时，买方须向卖方提供获得保险b) 保险合同

卖方没有向买方制定保险合同的义务。

应买方的请求，并由买方承担风险和可能存在的费用时，卖方必须向买方提供其需要的用于获得保险的相关信息。

A4 交货

卖方必须在约定的日期或期限内依照A3的规定向订立合同的承运人交货

A5风险转移

除B5所描述情形下的灭失或损坏外，卖方承担货物灭失或损坏的一切风险，直至已按照A4规定交货为止

的必要信息。

B4受领货物

买方必须在货物已经按照A4的规定交货时受领货物，并在指定的目的地从承运人受领货物。

B5风险转移

买方承担按照A4规定交货时起货物灭失或损坏的一切风险。

在货物已被清楚确定为合同项下之物的条件下，如

买方未能按照B7规定向卖方发出通知，则买方必须从约定的交货日期或交货期限届满之日起，承担货物灭失或损坏的一切风险。

A6 费用划分

卖方必须支付

a)除B6规定者外，卖方必须支付按照A4规定交货之前与货物有关的一切费用；

b)按照A3 a）规定所发生的运费和一切其他费用，包括根据运输合同规定应由卖方支付的装货费和在目的地的卸货费；以及

c)货物出口需要办理的海关手续费用及出口时应缴纳的一切关税、税款和其他费用，以及根据运输合同规定，由卖方支付的货物从他国过境的费用,如果这些地方需要办理这些海关手续。

B6 费用划分

除A3 a）规定外，买方必须支付

a)自按照A4规定交货时起的一切与货物有关的费用，除了在A6中提到的在这些地方需要办理海关手续的情况下货物出口需要办理的海关手续费用及出口时应缴纳的一切关税、税款和其他费用；

b）货物在运输途中直至到达目的地为止的一切费用，除非这些费用根据运输合同应由卖方支付；

c）卸货费，除非根据运输合同应由卖方支付；

d）如买方未按照B7规定给予卖方通知，则自约定的装运日期或装运期限届满之日起，货物所发生的一切额外费用，但以该项货物已正式划归合同项下，即清楚地划出或以其他方式确定为合同项下之货物为限

e）在需要办理海关手续时货物进口应交纳的一切关税、税款和其他费用，及办理海关手续的费用，以及从他国过境的费用，除非这些费用已包括在运输合同中。

A7通知买方

卖方必须通知买方按照A4规定交货。

卖方必须给予买方任何必要的通知，以便买方能够为领取货物采取通常必要的措施。

A8交货凭证

如果依照惯例或者依照买方的要求，卖方必须向买方提供依据A3所订立的运输合同所签发的通常运输B7通知卖方

一旦买方有权决定发送货物的时间和/或者指定的目的地或者指定接收货物的地点，买方必须就此给予卖方充分通知。

B8 提货证据

如果符合合同规定，买方必须接受按照A8规定提供的运输单据

单据，且费用由卖方承担。

运输单据必须包括约定货物，其注明日期必须在约定的装运时间内。(如果)按照约定或和依照惯例，该单据必须同时能够赋予买方在约定地点向承运人受领货物的权利以及通过向下一个买方转移单据或向承运人告知的方式在运输中卖出货物的权利。

当这样的运输单据是以转让的方式签发的，并且有多份正本时，一个完整全套的正本必须向买方提供。

A9 检查、包装、标志

卖方必须支付按照A4规定为交货所必需的核查（如核查品质、丈量、过磅、计数）费用，同时包括出口国当局强制的装运前的检验费用。

卖方必须自行承担费用为货物提供包装（除非在特定贸易中运输此种货物通常无需包装）。

卖方应该提供适合运输的包装，除非买方在缔结买卖合同之前已经告知卖方特定的包装要求。包装上应适当地予以标记。

A10信息帮助和相关费用

在该港所在地需办理这些手续的情况下，应买受人的需求并由其承担风险和费用，出卖人应及时地提供或者实施帮助以使买受人获得其在进口货物和/或者运输货物到最终目的地所需要的任何单据和信息，包括涉及安全的信息。

在该港所在地需办理这些手续的情况下，在出卖人出卖人必须偿付买受人在出卖人在提供或给予帮助获取单据和信息的过程中所遭受的损失和费用，与

B10相对应。

提出要求、承担风险并给付费用的情况下，买受人必须及时向出卖人提供或协助出卖人获得出卖人在出口货物和经由他国过境运输所需要的任何单据和信息，包括与安全有关的信息。

B9 货物检验

买受人必须支付强制性的装运前的检验费用，但出口国当局强制进行检验的除外。

提供的运输单据，如果该单据符合合同规定的话

B10信息帮助和相关费用

就任何有关安全信息的要求，买受人必须及时通知出卖人，以使其能履行A10规定的义务。

买受人必须偿付出卖人为提供或协助买受人获得A10条所述单据和信息而产生的一切费用。

CIP Carriage and Insurance Paid to (insert named place of destination)

GUIDANCE NOTE

This rule may be used irrespective of the mode of transport selected and may also be used where more

than one mode of transport is employed. “Carriage and Insurance Paid to” means that the seller

delivers the goods to the carrier or another person nominated by the seller at an agreed place (if

any such place is agreed between the parties) and that the seller must contract for and pay the costs

of carriage necessary to bring the goods to the named place of destination.

The seller also contracts for insurance cover against the buyer’s risk of loss of or damage to the

goods during the carriage. The buyer should note that under CIP the seller is required to obtain

insurance only on minimum cover. Should the buyer wish to have more insurance protection, it will

need either to agree as much expressly with the seller or to make its own extra insurance arrangements.

When CPT, CIP, CFR or CIF are used, the seller fulfils its obligation to deliver when it hands the

goods over to the carrier and not when the goods reach the place of destination.

This rule has two critical points, because risk passes and costs are transferred at different places.

The parties are well advised to identify as precisely as possible in the contract both the place

of delivery, where the risk passes to the buyer, and the named place of destination to which the

seller must contract for carriage. If several carriers are used for the carriage to the agreed

destination and the parties do not agree on a specific point of delivery, the default position is

that risk passes when the goods have been delivered to the first carrier at a point entirely of the

seller’s choosing and over which the buyer has no control. Should the parties wish the risk to pass

at a later stage ., at an ocean port or an airport), they need to specify this in their contract

of sale.

The parties are also well advised to identify as precisely as possible the point within the agreed

place of destination, as the costs to that point are for the account of the seller. The seller is

advised to procure contracts of carriage that match this choice precisely. If the seller incurs costs

under its contract of carriage related to unloading at the named place of destination, the seller

is not entitled to recover such costs from the buyer unless otherwise agreed between the parties.

CIP requires the seller to clear the goods for export, where applicable. However, the seller has

no obligation to clear the goods for import, pay any import duty or carry out any import customs

formalities.

CIP——运费和保险费付至（……指定目的地）

导言

该术语可适用于各种运输方式，也可以用于使用两种以上的运输方式时。

“运费和保险费付至”含义是在约定的地方（如果该地在双方间达成一致）卖方向承运人或是卖方指定的另一个人发货，以及卖方必须签订合同和支付将货物运至目的地的运费。

卖方还必须订立保险合同以防买方货物在运输途中灭失或损坏风险。买方应注意到CIP（运费和保险费付至指定目的地）术语只要求卖方投保最低限度的保险险别。如买方需要更多的保险保障，则需要与卖方明确地达成协议，或者自行作出额外的保险安排。

在CPT，CIP，CFR和CIF在这些术语下，当卖方将货物交付与承运人时而不是货物到达目的地时，卖方已经完成其交货义务。

由于风险和费用因地点之不同而转移，本规则有两个关键点。买卖双方最好在合同中尽可能精确地确认交货地点，风险转移至买方地，以及卖方必须订立运输合同所到达的指定目的地。若将货物运输至约定目的地用到若干承运人而买卖双方未就具体交货点达成一致，则默认为风险自货物于某一交货点被交付至第一承运人时转移，该交货点完全由卖方选择而买方无权控制。如果买卖双方希望风险在之后的某一阶段转移（例如在一个海港或一个机场），则他们需要在其买卖合同中明确之。

将货物运输至具体交货地点的费用由卖方承担，因此双方最好尽可能明确在约定的目的地的具体交货地点。卖方最好制定与此次交易精确匹配的的运输合同。如果卖方按照运输合同在指定的目的地卸货而支付费用，除非双方另有约定，卖方无权向买方追讨费用。

CIP术语要求卖方在必要时办理货物出口清关手续。但是，卖方不承担办理货物进口清关手续，支付任何进口关税，或者履行任何进口报关手续的义务。

A THE SELLER’ OBLIGATIONS

A1 General obligations of the seller

B THE BUYER’ OBLIGATIONS

B1 General obligations of the buyer

The seller must provide the goods and the The buyer must pay the price of the goods as

commercial invoice in conformity with the provided in the contract of sale.

contract of sale and any other evidence of

conformity that may be required by the contract.

Any document referred to in B1-B10 may be an

Any document referred to in A1-A10 may be an

equivalent electronic record or procedure if

equivalent electronic record or procedure if

agreed between the parties or customary.

agreed between the parties or customary.

B2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances

A2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances

and other Formalities

and other formalities

Where applicable, it is up to the buyer to obtain,

Where applicable, the seller must obtain, at its

at its own risk and expense, any import licence

own risk and expense, any export licence or other

or other official authorization and carry out all

official authorization and carry out all customs

customs formalities for the import of the goods

formalities necessary for the export of the goods

and for their transport through any country.

and for their transport through any country prior

to delivery.

A3 Contracts of carriage and insurance

a) Contract of carriage

B3 Contracts of carriage and insurance

a) Contract of carriage

The buyer has no obligation to the seller to make

a contract of carriage.

The seller must contract or procure a contract for

the carriage of the goods from the agreed point

of delivery, if any, at the place of delivery to

the named place of destination or, if agreed, any

point at that place. The contract of carriage must

be made on usual terms at the seller’s expense

and provide for carriage by the usual route and

in a customary manner. If a specific point is not

b) Contract of insurance

The buyer has no obligation to the seller to make

agreed or is not determined by practice, the a contract of insurance. However, the buyer must

seller may select the point of delivery and the provide the seller, upon request, with any

point at the named place of destination that best information necessary for the seller to procure

suit its purpose.

b) Contract of insurance

The seller must obtain at its own expense cargo

insurance complying at least with the minimum

cover as provided by Clauses (C) of the Institute

Cargo Clauses (LMA/IUA) or any similar clauses.

The insurance shall be contracted with

underwriters or an insurance company of good

repute and entitle the buyer, or any other person

having an insurable interest in the goods, to

claim directly from the insurer.

When required by the buyer, the seller shall,

subject to the buyer providing any necessary

information requested by the seller, provide at

the buyer’s expense any additional cover, if

procurable, such as cover as provided by Clauses

any additional insurance requested by the buyer

as envisaged in A3 b).

(A) or (B) of the Institute Cargo Clauses

B4 Taking delivery

(LMA/IUA) or any similar clauses, and/or cover

complying with the Institute War Clauses and/or

Institute

destination.

Strikes Clauses (LMA/IUA) or any similar clauses.

The insurance shall cover, at a minimum, the price

B5 Transfer of risks

provided in the contract plus 10% ., 110%) and

The buyer bears all risks of loss of or damage to

shall be in the currency of

the goods from the time they have been delivered

the contract. The insurance shall cover the goods

The buyer must take delivery of the goods when they

have been delivered as envisaged in A4 and receive

them from the carrier at the named place of

from the point of delivery set out in A and A5 to as envisaged in A4. If the buyer fails to give

at least the named place of destination. The notice in accordance with B7, it must

seller must provide the buyer with the insurance bear all risks of loss of or damage to the goods

policy or other evidence of insurance cover. from the agreed date or the expiry date of the

Moreover, the seller must provide the buyer, at agreed period for delivery, provided that the

the buyer’s request, risk, and expense (if any), goods have been clearly identified as the contract

with information that the buyer needs to procure goods.

any additional insurance.

A4 Delivery

B6 Allocation of costs

The buyer must, subject to the provisions of A3

The seller must deliver the goods by handing them

a), pay

over to the carrier contracted in accordance with

a) all costs relating to the goods from the time

A3 on the agreed date or within the agreed period.

A5 Transfer of risks

The seller bears all risks of loss of or damage

to the goods until they have been delivered in

accordance with A4, with the exception of loss or

damage in the circumstances described in B5.

A6 Allocation of costs

The seller must pay

a) all costs relating to the goods until they have

been delivered in accordance with A4, other than

those payable by the buyer as envisaged in B6;

b) the freight and all other costs resulting from

they have been delivered as envisaged in A4,

except, where applicable, the costs of customs

formalities necessary for export, as well as all

duties, taxes and other charges payable upon

export as referred to in A6 d);

b) all costs and charges relating to the goods

while in transit until their arrival at the agreed

place of destination, unless such costs and

charges were for the seller’s account under the

contract of carriage;

c) unloading costs, unless such costs were for the

seller’s account under the contract of carriage;

d) any additional costs incurred if it fails to

give notice in accordance with B7, from the agreed

date or the expiry date of the agreed period for

dispatch, provided that the goods have been