常用数学公式的英语表述

常用的数学英语表述

∃ there exist

∀ for all

p⇒q p implies q / if p, then q

p⇔q p if and only if q /p is equivalent to q / p and q are equivalent

x∈A x belongs to A / x is an element (or a member) of A

x∉A x does not belong to A / x is not an element (or a member) of A

A⊂B A is contained in B / A is a subset of B

A⊃B A contains B / B is a subset of A

A∩B A cap B / A meet B / A intersection B

A∪B A cup B / A join B / A union B

AB A minus B / the diference between A and B

A×B A cross B / the cartesian product of A and B

3. Real numbers

x+1 x plus one

x-1 x minus one

x±1 x plus or minus one

xy xy / x multiplied by y

(x - y)(x + y) x minus y, x plus y

x y x over y

= the equals sign

x = 5 x equals 5 / x is equal to 5

x≠5 x (is) not equal to 5

x≡y x is equivalent to (or identical with) y

x ≡ y x is not equivalent to (or identical with) y

x > y x is greater than y

x≥y x is greater than or equal to y

x < y x is less than y

x≤y x is less than or equal to y

0 < x < 1 zero is less than x is less than 1

0≤x≤1 zero is less than or equal to x is less than or equal to 1

| x | mod x / modulus x

x 2 x squared / x (raised) to the power 2

x 3 x cubed

x 4 x to the fourth / x to the power four

x n x to the nth / x to the power n

x −n x to the (power) minus n

x (square) root x / the square root of x

x 3 cube root (of) x

x 4 fourth root (of) x

x n nth root (of) x

( x+y ) 2 x plus y all squared

( x y ) 2 x over y all squared

n! n factorial

x ^ x hat

x ¯ x bar

x ˜ x tilde

x i xi / x subscript i / x suffix i / x sub i

∑ i=1 n a i the sum from i equals one to n a i / the sum as i runs from 1 to n of the a i

4. Linear algebra

‖ x ‖ the norm (or modulus) of x

OA → OA / vector OA

OA ¯ OA / the length of the segment OA

A T A transpose / the transpose of A

A −1 A inverse / the inverse of A

5. Functions

f( x ) fx / f of x / the function f of x

f:S→T a function f from S to T

x→y x maps to y / x is sent (or mapped) to y

f'( x ) f prime x / f dash x / the (first) derivative of f with respect to

x

f''( x ) f double-prime x / f double-dash x / the second derivative of f

with respect to x

f'''( x ) triple-prime x / f triple-dash x / the third derivative of f with respect to x

f (4) ( x ) f four x / the fourth derivative of f with respect to x

∂f ∂ x 1 the partial (derivative) of f with respect to x1

∂ 2 f ∂ x 1 2 the second partial (derivative) of f with respect to x1

∫ 0 ∞ the integral from zero to infinity

lim⁡ x→0 the limit as x approaches zero

lim⁡ x→ 0 + the limit as x approaches zero from above

lim⁡ x→ 0 − the limit as x approaches zero from below

log e y log y to the base e / log to the base e of y / natural log (of)

y

ln⁡y log y to the base e / log to the base e of y / natural log (of) y

一般词汇

数学 mathematics, maths(BrE), math(AmE)

公理 axiom

定理 theorem

计算 calculation

运算 operation

证明 prove

假设 hypothesis, hypotheses(pl.)

命题 proposition

算术 arithmetic

加 plus(prep.), add(v.), addition(n.)

被加数 augend, summand

加数 addend

和 sum

减 minus(prep.), subtract(v.), subtraction(n.)

被减数 minuend

减数 subtrahend

差 remainder

乘

times(prep.), multiply(v.), multiplication(n.)

被乘数 multiplicand, faciend

乘数 multiplicator

积 product

除 divided by(prep.), divide(v.), division(n.)

被除数 dividend

除数 divisor

商 quotient

等于 equals, is equal to, is equivalent to

大于 is greater than

小于 is lesser than

大于等于 is equal or greater than

小于等于 is equal or lesser than

运算符 operator

数字 digit

数 number

自然数 natural number

整数 integer

小数 decimal

小数点 decimal point

分数 fraction

分子 numerator

分母 denominator

比 ratio

正 positive

负 negative

零 null, zero, nought, nil

十进制 decimal system

二进制 binary system

十六进制 hexadecimal system

权 weight, significance

进位 carry

截尾 truncation

四舍五入 round

下舍入 round down

上舍入 round up

有效数字 significant digit

无效数字 insignificant digit

代数 algebra

公式 formula, formulae(pl.)

单项式 monomial

多项式 polynomial, multinomial

系数 coefficient

未知数 unknown, x-factor, y-factor, z-factor

等式，方程式 equation

一次方程 simple equation

二次方程 quadratic equation

三次方程 cubic equation

四次方程 quartic equation

不等式 inequation

阶乘 factorial

对数 logarithm

指数，幂 exponent

乘方 power

二次方，平方 square

三次方，立方 cube

四次方 the power of four, the fourth power

n次方 the power of n, the nth power

开方 evolution, extraction

二次方根，平方根 square root

三次方根，立方根 cube root

四次方根 the root of four, the fourth root

n次方根 the root of n, the nth root

集合 aggregate

元素 element

空集 void

子集 subset

交集 intersection

并集 union

补集 complement

映射 mapping

函数 function

定义域 domain, field of definition

值域 range

常量 constant

变量 variable

单调性 monotonicity

奇偶性 parity

周期性 periodicity

图象 image

数列，级数 series

微积分 calculus

微分 differential

导数 derivative

极限 limit

无穷大 infinite(a.) infinity(n.)

无穷小 infinitesimal

积分 integral

定积分 definite integral

不定积分 indefinite integral

有理数 rational number

无理数 irrational number

实数 real number

虚数 imaginary number

复数 complex number

矩阵 matrix

行列式 determinant

几何 geometry

点 point

线 line

面 plane

体 solid

线段 segment

射线 radial

平行 parallel

相交 intersect

角 angle

角度 degree

弧度 radian

锐角 acute angle

直角 right angle

钝角 obtuse angle

平角 straight angle

周角 perigon

底 base

边 side

高 height

三角形 triangle

锐角三角形 acute triangle

直角三角形 right triangle

直角边 leg

斜边 hypotenuse

勾股定理 Pythagorean theorem

钝角三角形 obtuse triangle

不等边三角形 scalene triangle

等腰三角形 isosceles triangle

等边三角形 equilateral triangle

四边形 quadrilateral

平行四边形 parallelogram

矩形 rectangle

长 length

宽 width

附：

在一个分数里，分子或分母或两者均含有分数。也叫compound fraction.

具体读法没有统一。一般是先读分子部分，再读分母部分，中间加上divided by

例如：

One minus four fifth plus one third divided by two times two third plus one second

为表达清楚，往往在数字前面加上分子和分母，例如：

Numerator one minus four fifth plus one third divided by denominator two times two third plus one second

分子1减5分之4加3分之1除以分母2乘以3分之2加2分之1